A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminate...

The possibility of removing 3-chlorobenzoate from water using granules in the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) method without the addition of a dechlorinating culture was studied on a laboratory scale. After three months of operation, the 3-chlorobenzoate concentration in the effluent decr...

Due to widespread use, persistence and toxicity, 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CBA) is well-known as an environmental pollutant. Bacillus sp. OS13, isolated as a 2-nitrotoluene tolerant, has the ability to utilize 3-CBA (4 mM) as a sole source of carbon and energy. Nevertheless, this organism has also sim...

Plant extracts have recently been used as exogenous adjuvants to strengthen the endogenous plant defense systems when they grow under different environmental stresses, including salinity. The study aimed at determining the effects of seed soaking using licorice root extract (LRE) on photosynthes...

In this study, we aimed to investigate the changes in gelation behavior of raw (without heating) and cooked (with heating) salted egg yolks during pickling. Results indicated that the decreasing trend in the main peak T22 of raw and cooked salted egg yolks. Cooked salted egg yolks after 28 days ...

The effects of partial substitution of NaCl using chloride salt (KCl, MgCl2, and CaCl2) mixtures with different formulas on oxidative characteristics, physicochemical and gel properties of the pork meat myofibrillar protein (MP) were investigated. In a hydroxyl-radical-induced oxidative system, ...

Hyper Rayleigh Scattering (HRS) and absorption spectral assays using surface-modified gold nanoparticles (AuNP) have been developed for sensitive and selective detection of trivalent chromium (Cr3+) from other metal ions including hexavalent chromium (as Cr2O72−). Gold nanoparticles of 13 nm, co...

Biostimulants improve yield, quality, and stress acclimation in crops. In this work, we tested the possibility of using phenolics-rich extracts from spelt (Triticum dicoccum L.) husks to attenuate the effects of salt stress (100–200 mM NaCl) in maize. Two methanolic extracts were prepared from ...

Modified metal oxides with surfactant moiety can be used to remove organic pollutant such as nitro-compounds from water due to their ability to increase the adsorptive behaviors towards organic molecules. Therefore, this work is devoted to prepare γ‑aluminum oxide nanoparticles (γ-Al2O3-NPs) v...

Degradation of 2-chlorobenzoic acid (2-CBA), a model recalcitrant chlorinated organic compound, by pure cultures of Burkholderia cepacia strain DNT with (transformed B. cepacia) and without (untransformed B. cepacia) the bacterial hemoglobin (Vitreoscilla hemoglobin, VHb) gene, vgb, was investig...

Benzoic anhydride ((PhCO)2O) and 2-chlorobenzoic anhydride ((2-ClC6H4CO)2O) undergo slow exchange reaction in CHCl3 to produce mixed benzoic 2-chlorobenzoic anhydride (2-ClC6H4COOCOPh). The rate of conversion changes abnormally with the concentration ratio of [(PhCO)2O]/[(2-ClC6H4CO)2O]. The rea...

Sodium acifluorfen (CAS 62476-59-9) is a nonselective, pre/postemergent contact herbicide used to control annual broadleaf weeds and grasses. Sodium acifluorfen belongs to the diphenyl ether group of herbicides, a group of herbicides that includes lactofen. In the environment, sodium acifluorfen...

Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes, anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton, have been applied to oxidative degradation of 2-chlorobenzoic acid (2-CBA) in acidic aqueous medium by using Pt or boron-doped-diamond (BDD) anode. Electrolyses were conducted in an open and cylindrical cell with ...

The surface and colloid chemistry of organic pigment dispersions have largely been ignored in the literature, although organic pigments play a crucial role in classical and ink jet printing and imaging. This paper presents detailed measurements of an aqueous dispersion of the title compound, pre...

Most of the drugs developed in the recent years originally remain as a weak base or acid, but drugs in these forms usually have undesirable pharmaceutical characteristics. Pharmaceutical salts, which are frequently referred to as ionizable drugs, have been complexed with a counterion to produce ...

A simple and convenient procedure for reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones using sodium borohydride activated by boric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate or benzoic acid as reducing agent under solvent-free conditions is described.

The regioselective intermolecular (2 + 2) photocycloaddition of the sodium salt of benzoic acids 1 to allyl alcohol 2 proceeded in water to afford cyclooctatrienes 3 and bicyclooctadienes 4. The efficiency and product distribution of this photoreaction were strongly influenced by the substituent...

The reaction of [Rh(μ-Cl)(cod)]2 and Ir(η5-C5Me5)(μ-Cl)Cl]2 with aminophosphine ligands Cy2PNHCH2–C4H3X (X: O; S) gave a range of new monodendate [Rh(Cy2PNHCH2–C4H3O)(cod)Cl], (1), [Rh(Cy2PNHCH2–C4H3S)(cod)Cl], (2), [Ir(Cy2PNHCH2–C4H3O)(η5-C5Me5)Cl2], (3) and [Ir(Cy2PNHCH2–C4H3S)(η5-C5...

A new efficient monofunctional initiator transfer (minifer) system, comprising 2-cyclohexyl-2-propanol, BCl3 and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, has been investigated for the first time in CH2Cl2 diluent at −40°C for the living polymerization of isobutylene. The use of this new minifer system has led...

1-Cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrrolidino-1-propanol methsulfate has been found to be a drug which possesses marked anticholinergic activity. This was particularly true for the gastrointestinal tract of anesthetized or trained animals. It also is shown to have pharmacological properties similar to man...