Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: MgCl2; heating at 900-1100°C;; | 98% |
zirconium(IV) chloride
zirconium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With zinc In melt Electrolysis; melting electrolysis, Zn-electrode, addition of alkalichloride;; evaporation of Zn in vacuum at 700-800°C;; | 98% |
With zinc In melt Electrolysis; melting electrolysis, Zn-electrode, addition of alkalichloride;; evaporation of Zn in vacuum at 700-800°C;; | 98% |
With magnesium; sodium chloride In melt heating in an iron crucible, decanting of salt melt, addition of water and HCl to Zr residue after cooling down;; impured;; | 88% |
zirconium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) heating in vacuum at 800°C for several hours;; 98 % Zr with 0.05 % Zn;; | 98% |
zirconium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium In neat (no solvent) heating at higher temperature 30 - 40 min in a closed evacuated copper vessel; mixture filled under ether;; | 93.4% |
With potassium chloride; sodium; sodium chloride In melt byproducts: H2; slow addition of K2ZrF6 and NaCl, KCl to Na melt, heating in iron vessel at 800°C under H2, stirring, further heating for 2.5 hours;; crushing, washing with water; solvation of iron impurities by aq. HCl, drying at 60°C;; | 90% |
With sodium In neat (no solvent) heating with blow pipe 30 - 40 min in a closed evacuated copper-vessel; mixture filled under ether;; | 80% |
zirconium(IV) chloride
magnesium
A
zirconium
B
magnesium chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In melt heating at 800°C under inert gas in a closed vessel, Kroll-process; apparatus described;; separation of Mg and MgCl2 by vacuum destillation;; | A 93% B n/a |
In melt heating at 800°C under inert gas in a closed vessel, Kroll-process; apparatus described;; separation of Mg and MgCl2 by vacuum destillation;; | A 93% B n/a |
zirconium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tannine or saponine In water Electrolysis; electrolysis on Cr cathode, keeping react. product in air Zr separated through diffusion; | |
With tannine or saponine In water Electrolysis; electrolysis on Cr cathode, keeping react. product in air Zr separated through diffusion; |
zirconium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tannine or saponine In water Electrolysis; electrolysis on Cr cathode, keeping react. product in air Zr separated through diffusion; | |
With tannine or saponine In water Electrolysis; electrolysis on Cr cathode, keeping react. product in air Zr separated through diffusion; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In melt Electrolysis; smelting of 60.2% AlCl3, 33.3% KCl, 0.4% ZrO2 and 6,0% NaF, graphite electrodes, tension of decomposition 1.0 V at 365°C;; | |
In melt Electrolysis; smelting of 60.2% AlCl3, 33.3% KCl, 0.4% ZrO2 and 6,0% NaF, graphite electrodes, tension of decomposition 1.0 V at 365°C;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With magnesium In neat (no solvent) heating mixture of ZrO2 and Mg-foil in an iron tube under salt layer to red heat;; | |
With magnesium In melt calcinating in a closed vessel;; fine black powder; solvation of MgO in aq. HCl;; |
zirconium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Li In not given 850°C, 1 days; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In methanol formation of a white precipitation;; | 0% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
in H2 atmosphere; incomplete reaction; also formation of Mg zirconite; optimal yields at initiation with thermite mixtures; no formation of ZrO;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: CaO; heating at 1050°C with Ca vapor;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) heating at 2400-2500°C under N2; at lower temperatures back reaction to solid W and gaseous ZrO2;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In methanol Zn is covered by a dark layer of Zr;; |
zirconium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
byproducts: H2; outgassing (800°C, vac. 1E-4 Pa); |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With magnesium; aluminium trichloride In neat (no solvent) reduction at 300-350°C;; ZrCl3 containing Mg crystals and small amount of Zr;; | |
With Mg; aluminium trichloride In neat (no solvent) reduction at 300-350°C;; ZrCl3 containing Mg crystals and small amount of Zr;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With AgCl In melt Electrochem. Process; under Ar; deposition of Zr and small amt. of ZrCl on Ta (working electrode), mixt. of KCl-LiCl eutectic, AgCl (1 wt.-%), and ZrCl4 heated to 450-550°C, 40-90 mA, -1.42 to -1.35 V vs Ag/AgCl, Cd pool as counterelectrode; XRD; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) decomposition on a coal resistance wire; product mixture depending on temp. of wire;; |
zirconium(IV) bromide
zirconium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) formation of Zr on W-wires at 2600°C, but the wire melts;; | |
With H2 In neat (no solvent) formation of Zr on W-wires at 900-1400°C;; | |
In neat (no solvent) formation of Zr on W-wires at 2600°C, but the wire melts;; | |
With H2 In neat (no solvent) formation of Zr on W-wires at 900-1400°C;; |
zirconium(IV) fluoride
zirconium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Na or Mg or Fe In not given calcination;; | |
With Na or Mg or Fe In not given calcination;; |
zirconium(IV) iodide
zirconium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) Electric Arc; continuous process;; | |
With hydrogen In neat (no solvent) byproducts: HI; formation of Zr on wires at 1100°C;; Addn. of H2 has no noticeable effect, since the product HI dissociates almost completely;; | |
In neat (no solvent) heating in vacuum to about 600 °C, wire temp. <= 1900 °C;; formation of ZnN and Zr-hydrides is avoided by carrying out the process in vac.; at wire temps. > 1900 ° C the wire melts because of formation of a Zr-W eutectic;; |
zirconium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) Electric Arc; heating in a W-vessel under inert gas;; | |
In neat (no solvent) Electric Arc; heating in a W-vessel under inert gas;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
0% | |
In melt Zr, ZrO2 and ZrC are molten in high vacuum, whirling motion of charge by induction;; | |
In neat (no solvent) heating in vacuum at 1960°C;; | 0% |
In neat (no solvent) heating in vacuum at 1960°C;; | 0% |
In melt Zr, ZrO2 and ZrC are molten in high vacuum, whirling motion of charge by induction;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Zr In melt byproducts: CO; addition of ZrO2 to a molten mixture of ZrC and Zr;; the formed CO is continuous removed in vacuum;; |
zirconium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Na |
zirconium
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water Electrolysis; precipitation;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) stoichiometric mixture, sealed Ta container, 800-850°C; | 100% |
In neat (no solvent) heating of stoich. amts. of reagents in a sealed Ta tube at 700-860°C for 2-3 weeks; identified by single crystal X-ray diffraction; | >90 |
In neat (no solvent) mixt. of Zr, ZrCl4, NaCl and Be was sealed under Ar in Nb or Ta ampule; heated; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
prepn. in a sealed tantal tube at 700 °C for 2 weeks; | 100% |
In neat (no solvent) heating of stoich. amts. of reagents in a sealed Ta tube at 700-860°C for 2-3 weeks; identified by single crystal X-ray diffraction; | >90 |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) Electric Arc; heating (650°C, 4 d; dynamic Ar atm., arc melting), annealing (5 h, 1050-1200°C); | 100% |
In neat (no solvent) vac. (5E-3 mbar); stoichiometric ratio, heating (1 week, 1100°C); | |
In melt Electric Arc; arc melted under Ar gettered with Ti; 5 wt.-% of Sb required to compensate evaporative losses during arc-melting; ingots sealed in evacuated fused-silica tubes and annealed at 870 K for 720 h; quenched in cold water; XRD; EDX; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Inert atmosphere; Electric arc; | 99.9% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In melt Zr, Cr, and Si were pressed into pellets and arc-melted under Ar; X-ray powder diffraction; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In melt sealed under vac., heated to 1248 K in 72 h with intermittent halfs at 623 and 748 K for 24 h, kept at 1248 K for 10 h; cooled down to 848 K in 2 wk, furnace-cooled down to room temp.; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In melt sealed under vac., heated to 1248 K in 72 h with intermittent halfs at 623 and 748 K for 24 h, kept at 1248 K for 10 h; cooled down to 848 K in 2 wk, furnace-cooled down to room temp.; obtained slightly impure; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
800 ° C and quenched after 21 d; | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
850 ° C for 29 d; finally air-quenched; | 95% |
In neat (no solvent) heating of stoich. amts. of reagents in a sealed Ta tube at 700-860°C for 2-3 weeks; identified by single crystal X-ray diffraction; | >90 |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
800-850 ° C over a 2-3 week period; | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) sublimed ZrCl4, FeCl3, LiCl, and Zr in stoich. proportions are heated at 800-850°C; crystal growth in temp. gradient react. 910-890°C, 25 d; | 95% |
zirconium
zirconium(IV) chloride
cobalt(II) chloride
Zr6Cl15Co
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) sublimated ZrCl4, CoCl2, and Zr in stoich. proportions are heated at 850°C for 30 days; | 95% |
With KCl; BaCl2 educts heated in KBaZr6Cl18Co stoich. proportions at 750°C for 15 days; detd. Guinier powder diffraction; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In melt heating at 700°C in sealed Ta tubes, 7d; | A 5% B 95% |
In melt heating at 800°C in sealed Ta tubes, 7d; | A 60% B 40% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With NaCl reactn. at 850 °C; | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
byproducts: K2ZrCl6; 800 ° C and quenched after 21 d; | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) sublimed ZrCl4, MnCl2, LiCl, and Zr in stoich. proportions are heated at 800-850°C; crystal growth in temp. gradient react. at 950-800°C for 24 d; | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) react. in a sealed Ta tube at ca 750°C; Zhang, J. and Corbett, J. D., Inorg. Chem. 32 (1993), p. 1566; | 90% |
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: ZrCl; react. in a sealed Ta tube at ca 800°C; Zhang, J. and Corbett, J. D., Inorg. Chem. 32 (1993), p. 1566; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) stoichiometric mixture, sealed Ta container, 850°C; | 90% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: Cs2ZrCl16; stoichiometric mixture, sealed Ta container, 850°C, 2 weeks; | 90% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With KCl In neat (no solvent) byproducts: K2ZrCl6; educts heated in K2Zr6Cl18Ni stoich. proportions at 850°C for 25 d; crystal growth in temp. gradient react. 750-650°C for 7 d; | 90% |
With CsCl In neat (no solvent) byproducts: Cs2ZrCl6; in Cs2Zr6Cl18Ni stoich. proportions heated at 850°C for 25 d; crystal growth in temp. gradient react. 750-650°C for 7 d; | 80% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) stoichiometric mixture, sealed Ta container, 850°C; | 90% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) reactants under inert atmosphere or vacuum, Zr:Cl:H = 6:12:4 >600°C, 2-3 weeks, welded Ta containers in evacuated and sealed fused-silica jackets, 5-10 atm, by-product: ZrClOxHy (0; | 90% |
In neat (no solvent) reactants under inert atmosphere or vacuum, Zr:Cl:H = 6:12:1.8 >600°C, 2-3 weeks, welded Ta containers in evacuated and sealed fused-silica jackets, 5-10 atm, by-product: ZrClOxHy (0; | 85% |
In neat (no solvent) 700-750°C, 10-14 d; | 70-80 |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) react. of stoich. quantities of Zr powder, ZrI4, graphite, and KI to form KZr6I14C in sealed Ta tube at 850°C; | 90% |
zirconium
zirconium(IV) bromide
pyrographite
potassium bromide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) heating (820°C, 4 weeks); | 90% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With (C4H9)4NBF4 In acetonitrile Electrolysis; reaction of Zr anode with 30% soln. of acetylacetone in CH3CN with added 0.1 M Bu4NBF4, Pt cathode; addn. of ether-acetone mixture;; pptn.; drying in vacuo; crystallization from CH3CN;; | 87% |
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