Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium hydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 0.5h; Substitution; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Zn6Al2(OH)16NO3·nΗ2O at 83℃; for 6h; Reagent/catalyst; Time; | 99% |
at 69.84℃; for 6h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; | 78.1% |
With carbon dioxide at 160℃; under 4500.45 Torr; for 4h; Autoclave; | 40.5% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 120℃; for 4h; Industry scale; Autoclave; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Heating; | A 99% B 86% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With aluminum oxide; Ce2O; zinc(II) oxide at 120℃; under 15001.5 Torr; for 1.5h; | 97.2% |
With sodium methylate In methanol at 69 - 120℃; for 6h; Temperature; Reflux; | 92% |
With tetraethylammonium nitrilotriacetate at 130℃; for 2h; | 54% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 3,3-dimethyldioxirane In dichloromethane; acetone at 0℃; for 2h; | 95% |
With mercury(II) diacetate at 190℃; for 2h; | 72% |
With di-tert-butyl peroxide In chlorobenzene at 130℃; for 5h; Product distribution; Rate constant; | 57 % Turnov. |
4-chloromethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-one
sodium ethanolate
A
3-ethoxy-1,2-propanediol
B
Diethyl carbonate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethanol at 80℃; for 1h; | A n/a B 88% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Heating; | 86% |
Lawessons reagent
orthocarbonic acid tetraethyl ester
A
O-ethyl S-ethyl di(4-methoxyphenyl)thiodiphosphonate
B
O,S-diethyl-(4-methoxyphenyl)phosphonodithioate
C
Diethyl carbonate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In benzene at 80℃; | A 70% B 82% C n/a |
difluoro-nitro-methane
sodium ethanolate
B
sodium nitrite
C
Diethyl carbonate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethanol; dichloromethane alkoxide soln. (EtOH) addn. to F2C(NO2)2 soln. (CH2Cl2) (molar ratio F2C(NO2)2:nucleophile=1:4), reacting (-10°C for 10-15 min), stirring (0°C for 1 h, then 20°C for 1 h); salts. ppt. sepn. (CH2Cl2 addn.); chem. and GLC anal.; | A 81% B 78% C 7% |
In ethanol; dichloromethane alkoxide soln. (EtOH) addn. to F2C(NO2)2 soln. (CH2Cl2) (molar ratio F2C(NO2)2:nucleophile 1:2, reacting (-10°C for 10-15 min), stirring(0°C for 1 h), reaction mixt. leaving overnight at -20°C; salts. ppt. sepn. (CH2Cl2 addn., cooling), ppt. treatment with boiling ethanol, NaNO2 pptn. from filtrate, aq. H2SO4 addn. to filtrate, org. layer sepn., aq. layer extn. (CH2Cl2), ext. drying (MgSO4), distn. lead to(EtO)2CO; chem. and GLC anal.; | A 48% B 62% C 12% |
In ethanol; dichloromethane alkoxide soln. (EtOH) addn. to F2C(NO2)2 soln. (CH2Cl2) (molar ratio F2C(NO2)2:nucleophile=1:1), reacting (-10°C for 10-15 min), stirring (0°C for 1 h, then 20°C for 1 h); salts. ppt. sepn. (CH2Cl2 addn.); chem. and GLC anal.; | A 18% B 26% C 9% |
In ethanol; N,N-dimethyl-formamide alkoxide soln. (EtOH) addn. to F2C(NO2)2 soln. (DMF) (molar ratio F2C(NO2)2:nucleophile=1:2), reacting (-10°C for 10-15 min), stirring (0°C for 1 h); salts. ppt. sepn. (CH2Cl2 addn.); chem. and GLC anal.; |
ethyl 4,5-dichloro-6-oxopyridazine-1(6H)-carboxylate
ethanol
Diethyl carbonate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With aluminum (III) chloride In toluene at 20℃; for 0.166667h; | 81% |
With potassium tert-butylate at 20℃; for 0.166667h; Green chemistry; | 81% |
sodium methacrylate
chloroformic acid ethyl ester
A
methacryloyl anhydride
B
carboethoxymethacrylic anhydride
C
Diethyl carbonate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 4-methoxy-phenol; tetrabutylammomium bromide In water at 20℃; for 3h; | A n/a B 80% C n/a |
tetrabutyl phosphonium bromide at 10℃; for 4.5h; | |
methyl(tri-n-octyl)ammonium bromide at 10℃; for 1.5h; |
O,O-diethyl (triethoxymethyl)phosphonate
A
triethyl phosphite
B
Diethyl carbonate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate under 60 Torr; Heating; | A 75% B n/a |
ethanol
carbonic acid dimethyl ester
A
ethyl methyl carbonate
B
Diethyl carbonate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium methylate In methanol at 69 - 120℃; for 6h; Reflux; | A n/a B 73% |
With silica-alumina at 78℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 2h; pH=11; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; | A 63.9% B n/a |
With 15percentMgO-5percentMgCl-2percentLa2CO3 supported on Al2O3-SiO2 at 200℃; under 760.051 Torr; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; | A 57.37% B n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With auphen; potassium iodide In ethanol at 80℃; under 22502.3 Torr; for 5h; Autoclave; | 71.7% |
dicyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate
orthoformic acid triethyl ester
A
diethoxycyclohexyloxymethane
B
formic acid ethyl ester
C
Diethyl carbonate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 60℃; for 2h; | A 70% B n/a C n/a |
orthoformic acid triethyl ester
A
diethoxycyclohexyloxymethane
B
formic acid ethyl ester
C
Diethyl carbonate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dicyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate at 60℃; for 2h; | A 70% B n/a C n/a |
With dicyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate at 60℃; for 4h; | A 0.56 mmol B 0.37 mmol C 0.17 mmol |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With MgZn1.7Al hydrotalcite calcined at 450°C at 200℃; under 15001.5 Torr; for 4h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave; | A 18% B 68% |
With calcined Y(NO3)3x6H2O; calcined Y(NO3)3x6H2O at 180℃; under 11096.7 Torr; for 4h; Inert atmosphere; Autoclave; | A 11.2% B 62.4% |
With Mg2Zr0.53Al0.47 mixed metal oxides at 200℃; for 5h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; | A 45.3% B 37.6% |
O,O-diethyl (triethoxymethyl)phosphonate
Diethyl carbonate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate under 60 Torr; Heating; | 67% |
methanol
ethyl N-hydroxylcarbamate
A
ethyl methyl carbonate
B
Diethyl carbonate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With lead dioxide In dichloromethane at 40℃; for 0.166667h; | A 25.1% B 66.3% |
acetylenedicarboxylic acid diethyl ester
1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
A
4-Oxo-1,2,8,9-tetrahydro-4H,7H-imidazo[1,2,3-ij][1,8]naphthyridine-6-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
B
Diethyl carbonate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethanol Mechanism; 1.) room temperature, 2 d, 2.) reflux, 3 h; other substrates; | A 64% B n/a |
1. Introduction of Diethyl carbonate
The Diethyl carbonate is an organic compound with the CAS registry number of 105-58-8, it is also named as carbonic acid, diethyl ester. The product's categories are Pharmaceutical Intermediates; Organics; Carbonates; Others; Protecting and Derivatizing Reagents; Protection and Derivatization; Carbonates Materials Science; Alternative Energy; Carbonyl Compounds; Electrolytes; Organic Building Blocks; Electrolytes Protection and Derivatization; Materials Science. Besides, it is a colourless liquid with a mild odour, which should be stored in a cool and ventilated place. It is mainly used as a solvent for cellulose ethers, nitro cellulose, natural and synthetic resin. And it is also used for the synthesis of phenobarbital, pyrethrum esters.
2. Properties of Diethyl carbonate
Physical properties about Diethyl carbonate are: (1)ACD/LogP: 1.21; (2)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 1.21; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 1.21; (4)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 4.89; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 4.89; (6)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 108.45; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 108.45; (8)#H bond acceptors: 3; (9)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 4; (10)Polar Surface Area: 35.53 Å2; (11)Index of Refraction: 1.391; (12)Molar Refractivity: 28.73 cm3; (13)Molar Volume: 120.9 cm3; (14)Polarizability: 11.39×10-24cm3; (15)Surface Tension: 26.9 dyne/cm; (16)Density: 0.976 g/cm3; (17)Flash Point: 31.1 °C; (18)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 36.46 kJ/mol; (19)Boiling Point: 126.8 °C at 760 mmHg; (20)Vapour Pressure: 11.5 mmHg at 25°C.
3. Structure Descriptors of Diethyl carbonate
(1)SMILES: O=C(OCC)OCC
(2)InChI: InChI=1/C5H10O3/c1-3-7-5(6)8-4-2/h3-4H2,1-2H3
(3)InChIKey: OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYAX
(4)Std. InChI: InChI=1S/C5H10O3/c1-3-7-5(6)8-4-2/h3-4H2,1-2H3
(5)Std. InChIKey: OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
4. Toxicity of Diethyl carbonate
Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
rat | LD50 | subcutaneous | 8500mg/kg (8500mg/kg) | Compilation of LD50 Values of New Drugs. | |
rat | LDLo | oral | 15gm/kg (15000mg/kg) | FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series. Vol. 53A, Pg. 52, 1974. |
7. Use of Diethyl carbonate
Diethyl carbonate can be used to produce 3-ethyl-4-methyl-5-phenyl-3H-oxazol-2-one at temperature of 180 °C. It will need reagent K2CO3 with reaction time of 330 min. The yield is about 35%.
8. Other details of Diethyl carbonate
When you are using diethyl carbonate, please be cautious about it as the following:
It is flammable and toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. Besides, Diethyl carbonate is irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. When you are using it, wear suitable protective clothing and do not breathe gas/fumes/vapour/spray (appropriate wording to be specified by the manufacturer). In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible).
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