Product Name

  • Name

    Lincomycin

  • EINECS 205-824-6
  • CAS No. 154-21-2
  • Article Data9
  • CAS DataBase
  • Density 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Solubility
  • Melting Point 148-150 °C
  • Formula C18H34N2O6S
  • Boiling Point 646.8±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Molecular Weight 406.544
  • Flash Point 345.0±31.5 °C
  • Transport Information
  • Appearance White crystalline solid
  • Safety
  • Risk Codes  Xi:;
  • Molecular Structure Molecular Structure of 154-21-2 (Lincomycin)
  • Hazard Symbols R36/37/38:;
  • Synonyms D-erythro-D-galacto-Octopyranoside,methyl 6,8-dideoxy-6-(1-methyl-4-propyl-L-2-pyrrolidinecarboxamido)-1-thio-,trans-a- (8CI);D-erythro-a-D-galacto-Octopyranoside, methyl6,8-dideoxy-6-[[(1-methyl-4-propyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)carbonyl]amino]-1-thio-,(2S-trans)-;Lincomycin (7CI);Cillimycin;Jiemycin;Lincolcina;Lincolnensin;Lincomix;Lincomycin A;Medoglycine;U 10,149A;U 10149;Lincomycin;
  • PSA 147.79000
  • LogP 0.27380

Synthetic route

C34H61N3O9SSi3

C34H61N3O9SSi3

lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium carbonate In methanol at 130℃; for 20h;98.4%
C26H46N5O8S(1+)

C26H46N5O8S(1+)

lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: Microbiological reaction
2: Microbiological reaction
3: aq. buffer / 30 °C / Microbiological reaction
View Scheme
C34H60N4O18S

C34H60N4O18S

lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: Microbiological reaction
2: aq. buffer / 30 °C / Microbiological reaction
View Scheme
C22H39N3O9S

C22H39N3O9S

lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In aq. buffer at 30℃; Microbiological reaction;
C20H37N3O8S

C20H37N3O8S

lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyridoxal 5'-phosphate; LmbF enzyme; S-methyltransferase LmbG; S-adenosyl-L-methionine In aq. phosphate buffer at 30℃; for 2h; pH=7.5; Enzymatic reaction;
lincomycin hydrochloride
859-18-7

lincomycin hydrochloride

lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps
1: pyridine / 8 h / 2 - 20 °C
2: acetic acid / methanol / 18 h / 30 °C
3: triphenylphosphine; di-isopropyl azodicarboxylate / toluene / 20 h / 30 °C
4: potassium carbonate / methanol / 20 h / 130 °C
View Scheme
C30H66N2O6SSi4

C30H66N2O6SSi4

lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: acetic acid / methanol / 18 h / 30 °C
2: triphenylphosphine; di-isopropyl azodicarboxylate / toluene / 20 h / 30 °C
3: potassium carbonate / methanol / 20 h / 130 °C
View Scheme
2,3,4-tris-O-(trimethylsilyl)lincomycin
25420-97-7

2,3,4-tris-O-(trimethylsilyl)lincomycin

lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: triphenylphosphine; di-isopropyl azodicarboxylate / toluene / 20 h / 30 °C
2: potassium carbonate / methanol / 20 h / 130 °C
View Scheme
acetic anhydride
108-24-7

acetic anhydride

lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-((1R,2R)-2-acetoxy-1-((2S,4R)-1-methyl-4-propylpyrrolidine-2-carboxamido)propyl)-6-(methylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate
168399-17-5

(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-((1R,2R)-2-acetoxy-1-((2S,4R)-1-methyl-4-propylpyrrolidine-2-carboxamido)propyl)-6-(methylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyridine at 20℃; for 38h; Acetylation;98.8%
chloro-trimethyl-silane
75-77-4

chloro-trimethyl-silane

lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

C30H66N2O6SSi4

C30H66N2O6SSi4

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyridine; 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-disilazane at 0 - 20℃; for 2h;91%
chloro-trimethyl-silane
75-77-4

chloro-trimethyl-silane

lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

2,3,4-tris-O-(trimethylsilyl)lincomycin
25420-97-7

2,3,4-tris-O-(trimethylsilyl)lincomycin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: chloro-trimethyl-silane; lincomycin With pyridine; 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-disilazane at 20℃; for 2h; Ice cooling;
Stage #2: With water; acetic acid In methanol at 20℃; for 16h;
Stage #3: With sodium hydrogencarbonate In methanol; water		91%
Stage #1: chloro-trimethyl-silane; lincomycin With pyridine; 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-disilazane at 20℃; for 2h;
Stage #2: With acetic acid In methanol at 20℃; for 16h;		91%
With pyridine; 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-disilazane
chloro-trimethyl-silane
75-77-4

chloro-trimethyl-silane

1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-disilazane
999-97-3

1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-disilazane

lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

2,3,4-tris-O-(trimethylsilyl)lincomycin
25420-97-7

2,3,4-tris-O-(trimethylsilyl)lincomycin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: chloro-trimethyl-silane; 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-disilazane; lincomycin With pyridine at 20℃; Cooling with ice;
Stage #2: With acetic acid In methanol; water at 20℃; for 16h;
Stage #3: With sodium hydrogencarbonate In methanol; water		91%
...Expand
lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

A

lincomycin (S)-sulfoxide

lincomycin (S)-sulfoxide

B

lincomycin (R)-sulfoxide

lincomycin (R)-sulfoxide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 3,3-dimethyldioxirane In methanol at 20℃; for 84h; Oxidation;A 15%
B 28%
lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

A

propyl-L-hygric acid
13380-36-4

propyl-L-hygric acid

B

α-methylthiolincosaminide
14810-93-6

α-methylthiolincosaminide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide at 95 - 110℃; for 22h; Product distribution; other compounds, other products;
lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

lincomycin-sulfone

lincomycin-sulfone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: 98.8 percent / pyridine / 38 h / 20 °C
2: 46.8 percent / N-methylmorpholine N-oxide / osmium tetroxide / tetrahydrofuran; 2-methyl-propan-2-ol / 68 h / 20 °C
3: 99 percent / sodium methoxide / methanol / pH 7 - 8
View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: 15 percent / dimethyldioxirane / methanol / 84 h / 20 °C
2: 64.7 percent / N-methylmorpholine N-oxide / osmium tetroxide / tetrahydrofuran; 2-methyl-propan-2-ol / 6.5 h / 20 °C
View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: 28 percent / dimethyldioxirane / methanol / 84 h / 20 °C
2: 78.3 percent / N-methylmorpholine N-oxide / osmium tetroxide / tetrahydrofuran; 2-methyl-propan-2-ol / 6.5 h / 20 °C
View Scheme
lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

Acetic acid (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-diacetoxy-2-{(1R,2R)-2-acetoxy-1-[((2S,4R)-1-methyl-4-propyl-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl)-amino]-propyl}-6-methanesulfonyl-tetrahydro-pyran-3-yl ester

Acetic acid (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-diacetoxy-2-{(1R,2R)-2-acetoxy-1-[((2S,4R)-1-methyl-4-propyl-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl)-amino]-propyl}-6-methanesulfonyl-tetrahydro-pyran-3-yl ester

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: 98.8 percent / pyridine / 38 h / 20 °C
2: 46.8 percent / N-methylmorpholine N-oxide / osmium tetroxide / tetrahydrofuran; 2-methyl-propan-2-ol / 68 h / 20 °C
View Scheme
lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

A

Methyl 6-Amino-6,8-dideoxy-1-thio-D-erythro-α-D-galacto-octopyranoside
14810-93-6

Methyl 6-Amino-6,8-dideoxy-1-thio-D-erythro-α-D-galacto-octopyranoside

B

(2S,4R)-1-Methyl-4-propyl-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide
13380-37-5

(2S,4R)-1-Methyl-4-propyl-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrazine hydrate Reflux;
lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

7(S)-7-deoxyl-7-(thiophen-2-ylthio)lincomycin

7(S)-7-deoxyl-7-(thiophen-2-ylthio)lincomycin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1.1: pyridine; 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-disilazane / 2 h / 20 °C
1.2: 16 h / 20 °C
2.1: triphenylphosphine; diethylazodicarboxylate / tetrahydrofuran
2.2: 0.5 h / 20 °C
View Scheme
lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

7(S)-7-deoxy-7-(thiazol-2-ylthio)lincomycin

7(S)-7-deoxy-7-(thiazol-2-ylthio)lincomycin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1.1: pyridine; 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-disilazane / 2 h / 20 °C
1.2: 16 h / 20 °C
2.1: triphenylphosphine; diethylazodicarboxylate / tetrahydrofuran
2.2: 0.5 h / 20 °C
View Scheme
lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

7(S)-7-deoxy-7-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)lincomycin
1429341-38-7

7(S)-7-deoxy-7-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)lincomycin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1.1: pyridine; 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-disilazane / 2 h / 20 °C
1.2: 16 h / 20 °C
2.1: triphenylphosphine; diethylazodicarboxylate / tetrahydrofuran
2.2: 0.5 h / 20 °C
View Scheme
lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

7(S)-7-(5-chlorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)-7-deoxylincomycin
941590-01-8

7(S)-7-(5-chlorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)-7-deoxylincomycin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1.1: pyridine; 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-disilazane / 2 h / 20 °C
1.2: 16 h / 20 °C
2.1: triphenylphosphine; diethylazodicarboxylate / tetrahydrofuran
2.2: 0.5 h / 20 °C
View Scheme
lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

7(S)-7-deoxyl-7-(thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-2-ylthio)lincomycin

7(S)-7-deoxyl-7-(thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-2-ylthio)lincomycin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1.1: pyridine; 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-disilazane / 2 h / 20 °C
1.2: 16 h / 20 °C
2.1: triphenylphosphine; diethylazodicarboxylate / tetrahydrofuran
2.2: 0.5 h / 20 °C
View Scheme
lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

7(S)-7-(6-cyanobenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)-7-deoxylincomycin
941590-04-1

7(S)-7-(6-cyanobenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)-7-deoxylincomycin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1.1: pyridine; 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-disilazane / 2 h / 20 °C
1.2: 16 h / 20 °C
2.1: triphenylphosphine; diethylazodicarboxylate / tetrahydrofuran
2.2: 0.5 h / 20 °C
View Scheme
lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

7(S)-7-deoxy-7-(6-nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)lincomycin
941590-07-4

7(S)-7-deoxy-7-(6-nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)lincomycin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1.1: pyridine; 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-disilazane / 2 h / 20 °C
1.2: 16 h / 20 °C
2.1: triphenylphosphine; diethylazodicarboxylate / tetrahydrofuran
2.2: 0.5 h / 20 °C
View Scheme
lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

7(S)-7-(6-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)-7-deoxylincomycin
941585-06-4

7(S)-7-(6-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)-7-deoxylincomycin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1.1: pyridine; 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-disilazane / 2 h / 20 °C
1.2: 16 h / 20 °C
2.1: triphenylphosphine; diethylazodicarboxylate / tetrahydrofuran
2.2: 0.5 h / 20 °C
View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: pyridine; 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-disilazane / 2 h / 0 - 20 °C
2: methanol; water; acetic acid / 16 h / 20 °C
3: triphenylphosphine; diethylazodicarboxylate / tetrahydrofuran / 16 h / 0 - 20 °C
View Scheme
lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

7(S)-7-deoxy-7-(5-nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)lincomycin
941590-03-0

7(S)-7-deoxy-7-(5-nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)lincomycin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1.1: pyridine; 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-disilazane / 2 h / 20 °C
1.2: 16 h / 20 °C
2.1: triphenylphosphine; diethylazodicarboxylate / tetrahydrofuran
2.2: 0.5 h / 20 °C
View Scheme
lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

7(S)-7-deoxy-7-(2-nitrophenylthio)lincomycin
941588-55-2

7(S)-7-deoxy-7-(2-nitrophenylthio)lincomycin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1.1: pyridine; 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-disilazane / 2 h / 20 °C
1.2: 16 h / 20 °C
2.1: diethylazodicarboxylate; tributylphosphine / tetrahydrofuran / 0 - 20 °C
2.2: 20 °C
View Scheme
lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

7(S)-7-deoxy-7-(3-nitrophenylthio)lincomycin
941587-70-8

7(S)-7-deoxy-7-(3-nitrophenylthio)lincomycin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1.1: pyridine; 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-disilazane / 2 h / 20 °C
1.2: 16 h / 20 °C
2.1: diethylazodicarboxylate; tributylphosphine / tetrahydrofuran / 0 - 20 °C
2.2: 20 °C
View Scheme
lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

7(S)-7-deoxy-7-(4-nitrophenylthio)lincomycin
941587-69-5

7(S)-7-deoxy-7-(4-nitrophenylthio)lincomycin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1.1: pyridine; 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-disilazane / 2 h / 20 °C
1.2: 16 h / 20 °C
2.1: diethylazodicarboxylate; tributylphosphine / tetrahydrofuran / 0 - 20 °C
2.2: 20 °C
View Scheme
lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

7(S)-7-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)-7-deoxylincomycin
941586-01-2

7(S)-7-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)-7-deoxylincomycin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1.1: pyridine; 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-disilazane / 2 h / 20 °C
1.2: 16 h / 20 °C
2.1: triphenylphosphine; diethylazodicarboxylate / tetrahydrofuran / 17 h / 0 - 20 °C
3.1: trifluoroacetic acid / water / 1 h / 20 °C
View Scheme
lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

7(S)-7-deoxy-7-(5-methylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)lincomycin
941586-02-3

7(S)-7-deoxy-7-(5-methylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)lincomycin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1.1: pyridine; 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-disilazane / 2 h / 20 °C
1.2: 16 h / 20 °C
2.1: triphenylphosphine; diethylazodicarboxylate / tetrahydrofuran / 0 - 20 °C
3.1: trifluoroacetic acid / water / 20 °C
View Scheme
lincomycin
154-21-2

lincomycin

7(S)-7-deoxy-7-(5-(4-(difluoromethylthio)phenylamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)lincomycin
941586-41-0

7(S)-7-deoxy-7-(5-(4-(difluoromethylthio)phenylamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)lincomycin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1.1: pyridine; 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-disilazane / 2 h / 20 °C
1.2: 16 h / 20 °C
2.1: triphenylphosphine; diethylazodicarboxylate / tetrahydrofuran
2.2: 0.5 h / 20 °C
View Scheme

Lincomycin A Consensus Reports

EPA Genetic Toxicology Program.

Lincomycin A Specification

The Lincomycin A, with the CAS registry number 154-21-2, is also known as Methyl 6,8-dideoxy-6-[[[(2S,4R)-1-methyl-4-propyl-2-pyrrolidinyl]carbonyl]amino]-1-thio-D-erythro-alpha-D-gluco-octopyranoside. It belongs to the product categories of 13C & 2H Sugars; Carbohydrates & Derivatives; Intermediates & Fine Chemicals; Pharmaceuticals. Its EINECS number is 205-824-6. This chemical's molecular formula is C18H34N2O6S and molecular weight is 406.54. What's more, its systematic name is Methyl (5R)-5-[(1R,2R)-2-hydroxy-1-{[(4R)-1-methyl-4-propyl-L-prolyl]amino}propyl]-1-thio-β-L-arabinopyranoside. Its classification codes are: (1)Anti-Bacterial Agents; (2)Anti-Infective Agents; (3)Antibacterial; (4)Drug / Therapeutic Agent; (5)Enzyme Inhibitors; (6)Mutation data; (7)Natural Product; (8)Protein Synthesis Inhibitors. This chemical is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections. 

Physical properties of Lincomycin A are: (1)ACD/LogP: 0.91±0.66; (2)# of Rule of 5 Violations: 1; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): -1.80; (4)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): -0.17; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1.00; (6)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1.00; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 1.00; (8)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 6.26; (9)#H bond acceptors: 8; (10)#H bond donors: 5; (11)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 11; (12)Polar Surface Area: 147.79 Å2; (13)Index of Refraction: 1.583; (14)Molar Refractivity: 104.7±0.4 cm3; (15)Molar Volume: 313.3±5.0 cm3; (16)Polarizability: 41.5±0.5×10-24cm3; (17)Surface Tension: 60.7±5.0 dyne/cm; (18)Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3; (19)Flash Point: 345.0±31.5 °C; (20)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 109.2±6.0 kJ/mol; (21)Boiling Point: 646.8±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg; (22)Vapour Pressure: 0.0±4.4 mmHg at 25°C.

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)SMILES: CCC[C@@H]1C[C@H](N(C1)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O2)SC)O)O)O)[C@@H](C)O
(2)Std. InChI: InChI=1S/C18H34N2O6S/c1-5-6-10-7-11(20(3)8-10)17(25)19-12(9(2)21)16-14(23)13(22)15(24)18(26-16)27-4/h9-16,18,21-24H,5-8H2,1-4H3,(H,19,25)/t9-,10-,11+,12-,13+,14-,15-,16-,18-/m1/s1
(3)Std. InChIKey: OJMMVQQUTAEWLP-KIDUDLJLSA-N

The toxicity data is as follows:  

Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
guinea pig LD50 intraperitoneal 1800mg/kg (1800mg/kg) BRAIN AND COVERINGS: RECORDINGS FROM SPECIFIC AREAS OF CNS

BLOOD: OTHER CHANGES		 Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiya. Antibiotics and Chemotherapy. Vol. 35(2), Pg. 40, 1990.
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 1gm/kg (1000mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. -,
mouse LD50 intravenous 214mg/kg (214mg/kg)   Gekkan Yakuji. Pharmaceuticals Monthly. Vol. 7, Pg. 913, 1965.
mouse LD50 oral 13900mg/kg (13900mg/kg) BRAIN AND COVERINGS: RECORDINGS FROM SPECIFIC AREAS OF CNS

BLOOD: OTHER CHANGES		 Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiya. Antibiotics and Chemotherapy. Vol. 35(2), Pg. 40, 1990.
rabbit LDLo intramuscular 200ug/kg (.2mg/kg)   Recueil de Medecine Veterinaire. Vol. 156, Pg. 915, 1980.
rat LD50 intraperitoneal 1900mg/kg (1900mg/kg) BLOOD: OTHER CHANGES

BRAIN AND COVERINGS: RECORDINGS FROM SPECIFIC AREAS OF CNS		 Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiya. Antibiotics and Chemotherapy. Vol. 35(2), Pg. 40, 1990.
rat LD50 oral 1gm/kg (1000mg/kg)   "Antibiotics: Origin, Nature, and Properties," Korzyoski, T., et al., eds., Washington, DC, American Soc. for Microbiology, 1978Vol. 1, Pg. 186, 1978.
rat LD50 subcutaneous 9778mg/kg (9778mg/kg)   Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 18, Pg. 185, 1971.

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