Product Name

  • Name

    PHYSOSTIGMINE

  • EINECS
  • CAS No. 57-47-6
  • Article Data19
  • CAS DataBase
  • Density 1.166g/cm3
  • Solubility Soluble in water (1:75), alcohol (1:10), chloroform (1:1), ether (1:30), and DMSO.
  • Melting Point 102-104 °C(lit.)
  • Formula C15H21 N3 O2
  • Boiling Point 393.5°Cat760mmHg
  • Molecular Weight 275.351
  • Flash Point 191.8°C
  • Transport Information
  • Appearance solid
  • Safety A human poison by an unspecified route. Poison experimentally by ingestion, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion: nausea, dyspnea, coma, blood pressure elevation, flaccid paralysis without anesthesia, muscle weakness. Normally administered by injection. Poisoning can occur as a result of a mistake in dosage or due to hypersensitivity of the patient within 5 to 25 minutes after administration. Death usually results from respiratory paralysis. Experimental reproductive effects. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. See also CARBAMATES.
  • Risk Codes 26/28
  • Molecular Structure Molecular Structure of 57-47-6 (PHYSOSTIGMINE)
  • Hazard Symbols Toxic by ingestion.
  • Synonyms Physostigmine(8CI); Pyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-5-ol, 1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydro-1,3a,8-trimethyl-,methylcarbamate (ester), (3aS,8aR)- (9CI); Pyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-5-ol,1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydro-1,3a,8-trimethyl-, methylcarbamate (ester), (3aS-cis)-;(-)-Eserine; (-)-Physostigmine; Cogmine; Eserine; Esromiotin; MCV 4484; NIH10421; NSC 30782; Physostol
  • PSA 44.81000
  • LogP 2.16770

Synthetic route

formaldehyd
50-00-0

formaldehyd

(-)-N1-norphysostigmine fumarate
116181-32-9

(-)-N1-norphysostigmine fumarate

Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium tetrahydroborate; triethylamine 1.) MeOH, room temperature, 2 h, 2.) room temperature, 0.5 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction;
methyl isocyanate
624-83-9

methyl isocyanate

eseroline
469-22-7

eseroline

Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydride In tetrahydrofuran
With sodium hydride In diethyl ether Yield given;
Stage #1: eseroline With sodium In diethyl ether at 20℃;
Stage #2: methyl isocyanate In diethyl ether at 20℃;
With sodium In diethyl ether at 20℃;
methyl isocyanate
624-83-9

methyl isocyanate

(-)-esermethole
65166-97-4

(-)-esermethole

Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium; boron tribromide Yield given. Multistep reaction;
N8-norphysostigmine
19573-10-5

N8-norphysostigmine

methyl iodide
74-88-4

methyl iodide

Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With alkaline methanol
methyl isocyanate
624-83-9

methyl isocyanate

eserolin

eserolin

Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With diethyl ether; sodium; benzene
geneserin

geneserin

Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ethanol; acetic acid; zinc
methyl isocyanate
624-83-9

methyl isocyanate

eseroline
469-22-7

eseroline

benzene
71-43-2

benzene

A

Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

B

isoeserine

isoeserine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 100℃; im Rohr;
...Expand
2-iodo-4-methoxy-N-methylaniline
139115-75-6

2-iodo-4-methoxy-N-methylaniline

Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 6 steps
1: 55 percent / DCC, HOBT / tetrahydrofuran / Heating
2: 94 percent / Pd2(dba)3*CHCl3, (S)-BINAP, 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine / N,N-dimethyl-acetamide / 1.5 h / 100 °C
3: 80 percent / 3M aq. HCl / tetrahydrofuran / Ambient temperature
4: 1.) Et3N, MgSO4, 2.) LiAlH4 / 1.) THF, RT, overnight, 2.) THF, reflux, 1.5 h
5: BBr3 / CH2Cl2 / 23 °C
6: NaH / diethyl ether
View Scheme
(Z)-2-Methyl-4-triisopropylsilanyloxy-but-2-enoic acid
153109-50-3

(Z)-2-Methyl-4-triisopropylsilanyloxy-but-2-enoic acid

Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 6 steps
1: 55 percent / DCC, HOBT / tetrahydrofuran / Heating
2: 94 percent / Pd2(dba)3*CHCl3, (S)-BINAP, 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine / N,N-dimethyl-acetamide / 1.5 h / 100 °C
3: 80 percent / 3M aq. HCl / tetrahydrofuran / Ambient temperature
4: 1.) Et3N, MgSO4, 2.) LiAlH4 / 1.) THF, RT, overnight, 2.) THF, reflux, 1.5 h
5: BBr3 / CH2Cl2 / 23 °C
6: NaH / diethyl ether
View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 7 steps
1: 84 percent / Et3N / CH2Cl2 / 0.5 h / Ambient temperature
2: 80 percent / 4 h / 60 °C
3: 94 percent / Pd2(dba)3*CHCl3, (S)-BINAP, 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine / N,N-dimethyl-acetamide / 1.5 h / 100 °C
4: 80 percent / 3M aq. HCl / tetrahydrofuran / Ambient temperature
5: 1.) Et3N, MgSO4, 2.) LiAlH4 / 1.) THF, RT, overnight, 2.) THF, reflux, 1.5 h
6: BBr3 / CH2Cl2 / 23 °C
7: NaH / diethyl ether
View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 5 steps
1: 1.) BOP, Et3N / 1.) CH2Cl2, 2.) 60 deg C
2: 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine / 20percent Pd-(S)-BINAP / N,N-dimethyl-acetamide / 100 °C
3: 3N aq. HCl / 23 °C
4: 1.) Et3N, MgSO4, 2.) LiAlH4 / 2.) THF, reflux
5: 1.) BBr3, 2.) Na
View Scheme
(Z)-2-Methyl-4-triisopropylsilanyloxy-but-2-enoic acid (2-iodo-4-methoxy-phenyl)-methyl-amide
153109-51-4

(Z)-2-Methyl-4-triisopropylsilanyloxy-but-2-enoic acid (2-iodo-4-methoxy-phenyl)-methyl-amide

Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 5 steps
1: 94 percent / Pd2(dba)3*CHCl3, (S)-BINAP, 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine / N,N-dimethyl-acetamide / 1.5 h / 100 °C
2: 80 percent / 3M aq. HCl / tetrahydrofuran / Ambient temperature
3: 1.) Et3N, MgSO4, 2.) LiAlH4 / 1.) THF, RT, overnight, 2.) THF, reflux, 1.5 h
4: BBr3 / CH2Cl2 / 23 °C
5: NaH / diethyl ether
View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps
1: 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine / 20percent Pd-(S)-BINAP / N,N-dimethyl-acetamide / 100 °C
2: 3N aq. HCl / 23 °C
3: 1.) Et3N, MgSO4, 2.) LiAlH4 / 2.) THF, reflux
4: 1.) BBr3, 2.) Na
View Scheme
(3S)-(5-methoxy-1,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde
153109-52-5

(3S)-(5-methoxy-1,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde

Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: 1.) Et3N, MgSO4, 2.) LiAlH4 / 1.) THF, RT, overnight, 2.) THF, reflux, 1.5 h
2: BBr3 / CH2Cl2 / 23 °C
3: NaH / diethyl ether
View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: 1.) Et3N, MgSO4, 2.) LiAlH4 / 2.) THF, reflux
2: 1.) BBr3, 2.) Na
View Scheme
(S)-5-Methoxy-1,3-dimethyl-3-((E)-2-triisopropylsilanyloxy-vinyl)-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one
153109-54-7

(S)-5-Methoxy-1,3-dimethyl-3-((E)-2-triisopropylsilanyloxy-vinyl)-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one

Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps
1: 80 percent / 3M aq. HCl / tetrahydrofuran / Ambient temperature
2: 1.) Et3N, MgSO4, 2.) LiAlH4 / 1.) THF, RT, overnight, 2.) THF, reflux, 1.5 h
3: BBr3 / CH2Cl2 / 23 °C
4: NaH / diethyl ether
View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: 3N aq. HCl / 23 °C
2: 1.) Et3N, MgSO4, 2.) LiAlH4 / 2.) THF, reflux
3: 1.) BBr3, 2.) Na
View Scheme
(Z)-1-Benzotriazol-1-yl-2-methyl-4-triisopropylsilanyloxy-but-2-en-1-one

(Z)-1-Benzotriazol-1-yl-2-methyl-4-triisopropylsilanyloxy-but-2-en-1-one

Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 6 steps
1: 80 percent / 4 h / 60 °C
2: 94 percent / Pd2(dba)3*CHCl3, (S)-BINAP, 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine / N,N-dimethyl-acetamide / 1.5 h / 100 °C
3: 80 percent / 3M aq. HCl / tetrahydrofuran / Ambient temperature
4: 1.) Et3N, MgSO4, 2.) LiAlH4 / 1.) THF, RT, overnight, 2.) THF, reflux, 1.5 h
5: BBr3 / CH2Cl2 / 23 °C
6: NaH / diethyl ether
View Scheme
(-)-esermethole
65166-97-4

(-)-esermethole

Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: BBr3 / CH2Cl2 / 23 °C
2: NaH / diethyl ether
View Scheme
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: BBr3 / CH2Cl2 / 0 deg C -> r.t.
2: NaH / tetrahydrofuran
View Scheme
(S)-3-(5-Methoxy-2-methylamino-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-pyrrolidin-2-one

(S)-3-(5-Methoxy-2-methylamino-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-pyrrolidin-2-one

Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: LAH / tetrahydrofuran / Heating
2: BBr3 / CH2Cl2 / 0 deg C -> r.t.
3: NaH / tetrahydrofuran
View Scheme
N-[2-((S)-2-Hydroxy-3-methyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-4-methoxy-phenyl]-N-methyl-acetamide
136569-51-2

N-[2-((S)-2-Hydroxy-3-methyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-4-methoxy-phenyl]-N-methyl-acetamide

Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 7 steps
1: 88 percent / Ag2CO3 on Celite / benzene / Heating
2: 76 percent / H2O / 180 °C / sealed tube
3: iBu2AlH / CH2Cl2 / -78 °C
4: NH4OH
5: LAH / tetrahydrofuran / Heating
6: BBr3 / CH2Cl2 / 0 deg C -> r.t.
7: NaH / tetrahydrofuran
View Scheme
(S)-3-{2-[(1-Hydroxy-ethyl)-methyl-amino]-5-methoxy-phenyl}-1,3-dimethyl-pyrrolidin-2-one

(S)-3-{2-[(1-Hydroxy-ethyl)-methyl-amino]-5-methoxy-phenyl}-1,3-dimethyl-pyrrolidin-2-one

Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps
1: NH4OH
2: LAH / tetrahydrofuran / Heating
3: BBr3 / CH2Cl2 / 0 deg C -> r.t.
4: NaH / tetrahydrofuran
View Scheme
N-[4-Methoxy-2-((S)-3-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-phenyl]-N-methyl-acetamide
136569-52-3

N-[4-Methoxy-2-((S)-3-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-phenyl]-N-methyl-acetamide

Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 6 steps
1: 76 percent / H2O / 180 °C / sealed tube
2: iBu2AlH / CH2Cl2 / -78 °C
3: NH4OH
4: LAH / tetrahydrofuran / Heating
5: BBr3 / CH2Cl2 / 0 deg C -> r.t.
6: NaH / tetrahydrofuran
View Scheme
N-{2-[(S)-2,3-Dihydroxy-1-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-1-methyl-propyl]-4-methoxy-phenyl}-N-methyl-acetamide

N-{2-[(S)-2,3-Dihydroxy-1-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-1-methyl-propyl]-4-methoxy-phenyl}-N-methyl-acetamide

Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 8 steps
1: 1) 10percent HCl, 2) NaIO4
2: 88 percent / Ag2CO3 on Celite / benzene / Heating
3: 76 percent / H2O / 180 °C / sealed tube
4: iBu2AlH / CH2Cl2 / -78 °C
5: NH4OH
6: LAH / tetrahydrofuran / Heating
7: BBr3 / CH2Cl2 / 0 deg C -> r.t.
8: NaH / tetrahydrofuran
View Scheme
N-[2-((S)-1,3-Dimethyl-2-oxo-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-methoxy-phenyl]-N-methyl-acetamide
136569-53-4

N-[2-((S)-1,3-Dimethyl-2-oxo-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-4-methoxy-phenyl]-N-methyl-acetamide

Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 5 steps
1: iBu2AlH / CH2Cl2 / -78 °C
2: NH4OH
3: LAH / tetrahydrofuran / Heating
4: BBr3 / CH2Cl2 / 0 deg C -> r.t.
5: NaH / tetrahydrofuran
View Scheme
N-[4-Methoxy-2-((S)-3-methyl-2-oxo-6,7,8-trioxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-phenyl]-N-methyl-acetamide

N-[4-Methoxy-2-((S)-3-methyl-2-oxo-6,7,8-trioxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-phenyl]-N-methyl-acetamide

Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 9 steps
1: NaBH4 / -78 deg C -> r.t.
2: 1) 10percent HCl, 2) NaIO4
3: 88 percent / Ag2CO3 on Celite / benzene / Heating
4: 76 percent / H2O / 180 °C / sealed tube
5: iBu2AlH / CH2Cl2 / -78 °C
6: NH4OH
7: LAH / tetrahydrofuran / Heating
8: BBr3 / CH2Cl2 / 0 deg C -> r.t.
9: NaH / tetrahydrofuran
View Scheme
Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

eseroline
469-22-7

eseroline

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium In butan-1-ol at 20℃;95%
With hydrogenchloride
With sulfuric acid
(2E)-but-2-enedioic acid
110-17-8

(2E)-but-2-enedioic acid

Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

(-)-eseroline fumarate salt

(-)-eseroline fumarate salt

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: Physostigmin With sodium In butan-1-ol Heating;
Stage #2: (2E)-but-2-enedioic acid In butan-1-ol		95%
methyl bromide
74-83-9

methyl bromide

Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

Br(1-)*C16H24N3O2(1+)
1239457-13-6

Br(1-)*C16H24N3O2(1+)

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In diethyl ether; acetonitrile at 20℃; Inert atmosphere;80%
glacial HOAc

glacial HOAc

m-chlorophenyl isocyanate
2909-38-8

m-chlorophenyl isocyanate

Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

eseroline
469-22-7

eseroline

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium tert-butylate In tetrahydrofuran71.3%
With potassium tert-butylate In tetrahydrofuran
...Expand
Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

geneserine hydrochloride

geneserine hydrochloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With dihydrogen peroxide In various solvent(s) for 16h; Ambient temperature;71%
Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

Methyl-carbamic acid (3aS,8aR)-8-formyl-1,3a-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydro-pyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-5-yl ester
128562-54-9

Methyl-carbamic acid (3aS,8aR)-8-formyl-1,3a-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydro-pyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-5-yl ester

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With dipyridinium dichromate In dichloromethane for 24h; Ambient temperature;28%
With dipyridinium dichromate In dichloromethane25%
Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

aq.-ethanolic Ba(OH)2

aq.-ethanolic Ba(OH)2

(3aS)-1,3a,6b,9,10,14-hexamethyl-(3ar,6bt,9at,14ac)-1,2,3,3a,6b,7,8,9,9a,10,14,14a-dodecahydro-12-oxa-1,5,9,10,14-pentaaza-dipentaleno-<1,2-b;2',1'-i>anthracen-4-one

(3aS)-1,3a,6b,9,10,14-hexamethyl-(3ar,6bt,9at,14ac)-1,2,3,3a,6b,7,8,9,9a,10,14,14a-dodecahydro-12-oxa-1,5,9,10,14-pentaaza-dipentaleno-<1,2-b;2',1'-i>anthracen-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
unter Luftzutritt;
Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

aqueous ammonium salt

aqueous ammonium salt

(3aS)-1,3a,6b,9,10,14-hexamethyl-(3ar,6bt,9at,14ac)-1,2,3,3a,6b,7,8,9,9a,10,14,14a-dodecahydro-12-oxa-1,5,9,10,14-pentaaza-dipentaleno-<1,2-b;2',1'-i>anthracen-4-one

(3aS)-1,3a,6b,9,10,14-hexamethyl-(3ar,6bt,9at,14ac)-1,2,3,3a,6b,7,8,9,9a,10,14,14a-dodecahydro-12-oxa-1,5,9,10,14-pentaaza-dipentaleno-<1,2-b;2',1'-i>anthracen-4-one

Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

(3aS)-6-hydroxy-1,3a,8-trimethyl-5-oxo-(3ar,8ac)-1,2,3,3a,5,8a-hexahydro-pyrrolo<2,3-b>indolium betaine

(3aS)-6-hydroxy-1,3a,8-trimethyl-5-oxo-(3ar,8ac)-1,2,3,3a,5,8a-hexahydro-pyrrolo<2,3-b>indolium betaine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Luftoxidation;
Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

colloid/al palladium

colloid/al palladium

acid

acid

dihydroeserine

dihydroeserine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Hydrogenation;
...Expand
Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

sodium amalgam

sodium amalgam

diluted hydrochloric acid

diluted hydrochloric acid

dihydroeserine

dihydroeserine

...Expand
Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

zinc dust

zinc dust

hydrochloric acid

hydrochloric acid

dihydroeserine

dihydroeserine

...Expand
sodium ethanolate
141-52-6

sodium ethanolate

ethyl ester of p-toluenesulfonic acid
80-40-0

ethyl ester of p-toluenesulfonic acid

Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

eseraethole

eseraethole

...Expand
Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

air oxygen

air oxygen

Eserine Blue

Eserine Blue

Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

eserolin

eserolin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 150 - 160℃; im Hochvakuum;
Physostigmin
57-47-6

Physostigmin

concentrated hydrochloric acid

concentrated hydrochloric acid

eserolin

eserolin

PHYSOSTIGMINE Chemical Properties

IUPAC Name: (3,4,8B-trimethyl-2,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-7-yl) N-methylcarbamate
Synonyms: (3as-cis)-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-Hexahydro-1,3a,8-trimethylpyrrolo(2,3-b)indol-5-olmeth ; (3aS-cis)-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-Hexahydro-1,3a,8-trimethylpyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-5-olmethylcarbamate (ester) ; 1,2,3,3a,8,8a-Hexahydro-1,3a,8-trimethylpyrrolo-[2,3-b]indol-5-yl methylcarbamate ; 1,2,3,3abeta,8abeta-Hexahydro-1,3a,8-trimethylpyrrolo[2,3-b]-indol-5-yl methylcarbamate ; 1,3a,8-Trimethyl-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-5-yl methylcarbamate ; (2,3-b)Indol-5-ol,1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydro-1,3a,8-trimethyl-pyrrolo(methylcarb) ; Antilirium ; Calabarine
Product Categories: Alkaloids;Biochemistry;Indole Alkaloids
CAS NO: 57-47-6
Molecular Formula: C15H21N3O2
Molecular Weight:275.35
Molecular Structure:
EINECS: 200-332-8
Merck: 7384
Mol File: 57-47-6.mol
Index of Refraction: 1.567
Surface Tension: 42.3 dyne/cm
Density: 1.166 g/cm3
Flash Point: 191.8 °C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 64.34 kJ/mol
Boiling Point: 393.5 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 2.12E-06 mmHg at 25°C
Melting point: 102-104 °C(lit.)
Storage temp: 2-8°C
Appearance: Physostigmine (CAS NO.57-47-6) is colorless flaky crysta.
Solubility: Physostigmine (CAS NO.57-47-6) is soluble in dichloromethane, soluble in chloroform (1:1), ethanol (1:10), ether (1:30) and water (1:75).

PHYSOSTIGMINE Uses

 Physostigmine (CAS NO.57-47-6) is used in biochemical research, also used as intermediates in drug synthesis and anti-cholinesterase drugs.

PHYSOSTIGMINE Production

 Physostigmine (CAS NO.57-47-6) is derived from dry mature seeds of Legumes physostigmine (physostigma venenosum Balfour) by extraction and refining using ethanol, ether and other solvent , Physostigmine (CAS NO.57-47-6) can be also synthetic.

PHYSOSTIGMINE Toxicity Data With Reference

1.    

orl-man TDLo:12 mg/kg/60D-I

     NEURAI    Neurology. 37 (1987),345.
2.    

unr-man LDLo:882 µg/kg

     85DCAI    Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments. 2 (1970),73.
3.    

orl-wmn TDLo:40 µg/kg/5D-I:BPR

     AJPSAO    American Journal of Psychiatry. 143 (1985),910.
4.    

orl-wmn TDLo:3920 µg/kg/2W-I

     NEURAI    Neurology. 37 (1987),345.
5.    

orl-hmn TDLo:20 mg/kg:CNS,GIT,PUL

     34ZIAG    Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals ,Deichmann, W.B.,New York, NY.: Academic Press, Inc.,1969,475.
6.    

ipr-mus LD50:644 µg/kg

     FATOAO    Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow). 43 (1980),717.
7.    

scu-mus LD50:740 µg/kg:PNS

     JPETAB    Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 123 (1958),121.
8.    

ivn-mus LD50:400 µg/kg

     JPETAB    Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 58 (1936),337.
9.    

scu-dog LDLo:1138 µg/kg

     FEPRA7    Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 5 (1946),184.
10.    

orl-rbt LD50:11,200 µg/kg

     DCTODJ

PHYSOSTIGMINE Consensus Reports

EPA Extremely Hazardous Substances List. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.

PHYSOSTIGMINE Safety Profile

A human poison by an unspecified route. Poison experimentally by ingestion, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion: nausea, dyspnea, coma, blood pressure elevation, flaccid paralysis without anesthesia, muscle weakness. Normally administered by injection. Poisoning can occur as a result of a mistake in dosage or due to hypersensitivity of the patient within 5 to 25 minutes after administration. Death usually results from respiratory paralysis. Experimental reproductive effects. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. See also CARBAMATES.
Hazard Codes VeryT+
Risk Statements 26/28
R26/28:Very toxic by inhalation and if swallowed.
Safety Statements 23-45-25
S23:Do not breathe vapour. 
S25:Avoid contact with eyes. 
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)
RIDADR UN 1544 6.1/PG 1
WGK Germany 3
RTECS TJ2100000
F 8-10
HazardClass 6.1(a)
PackingGroup II

PHYSOSTIGMINE Specification

1.General Description :White, odorless, microcrystalline powder. Used as a cholinergic (anticholinesterase) agent and as a veterinary medication.
2.Health Hazard :Super toxic. Probable oral lethal dose is less than 5 mg/kg for a 70 kg (150 lb.) person. Material is a cholinesterase inhibitor. Effects of exposure may involve the respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and central nervous systems. Death occurs due to respiratory paralysis or impaired cardiac function. Time to death may vary from 5 minutes to 24 hours, in severely poisoned patients, depending on factors such as the dose and route. Persons with asthma and/or persons that require drugs containing choline esters are at risk.
3.Fire Hazard : Physostigmine (CAS NO.57-47-6) is a slight fire hazard. When heated to decomposition Physostigmine emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides. Keep from light and heat.

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