Risperidone

The drug of Risperidone was developed by Janssen-Cilag and first released in 1994. In 1993, Risperidone was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of schizophrenia. On August 22, 2007, risperidone was approved as the only drug agent available for treatment of schizophrenia in youth ages 13–17; it was also approved for treatment of bipolar disorder in youth and children ages 10–17 at the same day, joining lithium.

The CAS registry number of Risperidone is 106266-06-2. In addition, the molecular formula is C₂₃H₂₇FN₄O₂. The IUPAC name is 3-[2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one. What's more, it contains the functional groups of benzisoxazole and piperidine as part of its molecular structure. And it is associated with significant weight gain and metabolic problems, as well as tardive dyskinesia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. 

Physical properties about  Risperidone are:
 (1)ACD/LogP: 2.68; (2)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 0.179; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 1.886; (4)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 10.314; (6)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 2.159; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 110.125; (8)#H bond acceptors: 6; (9)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 4; (10)Polar Surface Area: 61.94 Å²; (11)Index of Refraction: 1.677; (12)Molar Refractivity: 111.747 cm³; (13)Molar Volume: 296.84 cm³; (14)Polarizability: 44.3 ×10^-24cm³; (15)Surface Tension: 51.106 dyne/cm; (16)Density: 1.383 g/cm³; (17)Flash Point: 299.966 °C; (18)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 85.804 kJ/mol; (19)Boiling Point: 572.382 °C at 760 mmHg.

Preparation of Risperidone:
 The preparation can start from the acylation of 4-formyl chloride-1-acetylpiperidine with benzoisooxazole in the presence of catalyst aluminium trichloride. Through deacetylation by hydrochloric acid and cyclization reaction you can get a benzoisooxazole derivative. Then the benzoisooxazole derivative can react with 3-chloroethyl-2-methyl-4H-pyrido[1,2-α ]pyrimidine-4-one hydrochloride to give the desired product in the presence of sodium carbonate, potassium iodide and dimethylcarboxamide. The reaction temperature should be controlled at 85-90 °C with heating. And the yield is about 46%.

Uses of Risperidone:
 It is used to treat schizophrenia (including adolescent schizophrenia), schizoaffective disorder, the mixed and manic states associated with bipolar disorder, and irritability in people with autism. In addition, it was reported to successfully treat the symptoms of phencyclidine (PCP) psychosis due to acute intoxication and chronic use.

When you are using  Risperidone, please be cautious about it as the following:
This chemical is toxic if swallowed. hen you are using it, wear suitable protective clothing. If contact it with skin, wash it immediately with plenty of ... (to be specified by the manufacturer). Moreover, in case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.).

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)SMILES: Cc1c(c(=O)n2c(n1)CCCC2)CCN3CCC(CC3)c4c5ccc(cc5on4)F
(2)InChI: InChI=1/C23H27FN4O2/c1-15-18(23(29)28-10-3-2-4-21(28)25-15)9-13-27-11-7-16(8-12-27)22-19-6-5-17(24)14-20(19)30-26-22/h5-6,14,16H,2-4,7-13H2,1H3
(3)InChIKey: RAPZEAPATHNIPO-UHFFFAOYAV

The toxicity data of Risperidone is as follows: