Earlier studies have shown that 1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carbohydrazide (AF-2364) is a potential male contraceptive when administered orally to adult Sprague–Dawley rats. This compound induces reversible germ cell loss from the seminiferous epithelium by disrupting cell adhesion fun...

Polystyrene has been alkylated by reaction with 2,4-dichlorobenzyl chloride in dichloromethane at −5 °C in presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride. The alkylated polystyrene has been characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy. The chlorine content (26.7 wt%) shows that 97% of the styrene units h...

Recently protein refolding on size exclusion chromatography (SEC) operated in multi-column continuous simulated moving bed (SMB) configurations (hereinafter SMB-SEC) has been investigated for future industrial applications. This is due to several advantages offered by SMB configurations particul...

The expression of the SmB and SmB′ spliceosome proteins in a variety of cell types and tissues has been investigated. Although SmB is found in all cells studied, the SmB′ protein is found only in a small number of rodent cell types. The presence of this protein is correlated with the ability t...

Many studies demonstrated that there are several type bands of prion protein in cells. However, the formation of different prion protein bands is elusive. After several low molecular weight bands of prion protein appeared in SMB-S15 cells infected with scrapie agent Chandler, we think that IRES-...

In this chapter, different multicolumn simulated moving bed (SMB)-based processes that are employed to handle multicomponent separations are discussed. The pseudo-SMB Japan Organo (JO) process, which is a two-step process used to separate ternary mixtures, is addressed. The mathematical model us...

Some separations in food and biotechnology concern enrichment of a (multi-component) product in a particular functionality, for instance from a health or nutritional point of view. For instance, when using chromatography, the functionality can be associated to a particular multi-component fracti...

Continuously operated chromatographic processes like the Simulated Moving Beds (SMB) are well established for the purification of hydrocarbons, fine chemicals as well as pharmaceuticals. With respect to discontinuous batch chromatography they have proven their ability to improve the process perf...

As one of the representatives of jawless vertebrates, lamprey is an important animal model for research on the evolution of adaptive immune system. Although it is widely accepted that the key characteristic of the immune response in jawed vertebrates is the functional cooperation between differe...

It is widely accepted that the complexation of iron (Fe) with organic compounds is the primary factor that regulates Fe reactivity and its bioavailability to phytoplankton in the open ocean. Despite considerable efforts to unravel the provenance of the many organic ligands present in the ‘ligan...

Microalgae have been studied as natural resources for a number of applications, most particularly food, animal feed, biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals. In addition to the intracellular compounds of interest, microalgae can also excrete various extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)...

Lignans and neolignans are plant secondary metabolites derived from the oxidative coupling of phenylpropanoids. Biological activity of these phenolic compounds ranges from antioxidant, antitumor (terminaloside P, IC50 = 10 nM), anti-inflammatory, anti-neurodegenerative (schibitubin B, IC50 = 3.2...

Signal transduction cascades involving cAMP-dependent protein kinase are highly conserved among a wide variety of organisms. Given the universal nature of this enzyme it is not surprising that cAMP-dependent protein kinase plays a critical role in numerous cellular processes. This is particularl...

SummaryATP-competitive kinase inhibitors often bind several kinases due to the high conservation of the ATP binding pocket. Through clustering analysis of a large kinome profiling dataset, we found a cluster of eight promiscuous kinases that on average bind more than five times more kinase inhib...

Established strategies for discovering selective kinase inhibitors are target-centric as they often target certain structural or reactive features in the target kinase. In the absence of such prominent features, there is a lack of general methods for discovering selective inhibitors. Here we des...

Although EGFR is a highly sought-after drug target, inhibitor resistance remains a challenge. As an alternative strategy for kinase inhibition, we sought to explore whether allosteric activation mechanisms could effectively be disrupted. The kinase domain of EGFR forms an atypical asymmetric dim...

Kinases are amongst the largest families in the human proteome and serve as critical mediators of a myriad of cell signaling pathways. Since altered kinase activity is implicated in a variety of pathological diseases, kinases have become a prominent class of proteins for targeted inhibition. Alt...

Cyclins and cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) are important proteins that are required for the regulation and expression of the large number of components necessary for the passage through the cell cycle. The concentrations of the CDKs are generally constant, but their activities are contr...

Casein kinase (CK) is a type of conserved serine/threonine protein kinase that phosphorylates many important proteins in body. Researchers found that CK is involved in a variety of signaling pathways, and also plays an important role in inflammation, cancer, and nervous system diseases. Thus, it...

A novel aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probe comprised of a hydrophilic protein kinase specific peptide and a hydrophobic tetraphenylethene (TPE) unit was synthesized through click reaction. The prepared TPE-peptide probe could be completely degraded by carboxypeptidase Y (CPY) to release hy...