There is a lot of market for squalene (C30H50) for industrial and therapeutic applications such as oil, biofuel, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer agents. Squalene was used to be derived from liver oil of sharks and whales, but a sustainable alternative source such as plants is needed. A...

Olive oil is one of the main vegetable sources of squalene, substance with several interesting properties and applications. This work aims to present and validate a rapid method to quantify squalene in olive oil by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with flame ionization detector and to apply the m...

Liposomes are shell nanoparticles able to embed hydrophobic molecules into their lipid layers to be released to cells. In pharmaceutical sciences, liposomes remain the delivery system with the highest biocompatibility, stability, loading characteristics, tunable physicochemical properties. Squal...

A large variety of nanoparticle-based delivery systems have become increasingly important for diagnostic and/or therapeutic applications. Yet, the numerous physical and chemical parameters that influence both the biological and colloidal properties of nanoparticles remain poorly understood. This...

Squalene is a triterpenoid with medicinal, therapeutic and cosmetic applications. There is interest in identifying novel sources of squalene, creating a need for a rapid and accurate method of squalene determination. Here, we describe such an approach that involves first transmethylating the oil...

Squalene, a triterpenoid compound possessing excellent bioactivities, is not being utilized as a functional food ingredient due to its high susceptibility to oxidation. In the present study, the feasibility of chitosan-whey protein as an efficient wall material for squalene encapsulation using s...

Tea contains high quantities and diverse types of triterpenoids, particularly in the form of saponins. However, little is yet known about the molecular basis of triterpenoid biosynthesis in tea plant. Here we report on isolation and functional analysis of squalene synthase (SQS) gene from tea pl...

Constraint-based flux balance analysis of S. cerevisiae has led to the identification of a novel gene deletion targets, LYS1 and ADK1, for enhancement of squalene flux. LYS1 deletion resulted in 2-fold improvement in squalene when compared to reference strain BY4741 with a maximum yield of 33.1 ...

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) combined with partial least squares (PLS) was developed for the rapid determination of squalene and sterols (brassicasterol, campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol) in 119 vegetable oils from 7 different species. The 1H NMR spectra of these oil sam...

X-ray reflectivity is used to study the interfacial structure of liquid squalane on SiO2/Si(1 0 0) substrates. The data show that there are density oscillations (‘layers’) near the interface, with the squalane molecular long axes parallel to the substrate. The results are compared to those fro...

An all-atom molecular dynamics study using the OPLS force field has been carried out to obtain new insights in to the orientation and ordering of liquid squalane near a solid surface. As observed in previous experiments, the squalane molecules closest to a SiO2 substrate are found to be tightly ...

The kinetics of phenanthrene phosphorescence quenching by mobile oxygen molecules was used to study characteristics of oxygen diffusion on a nanometer length scale in glassy squalane. The phosphorescence decay was described using a model of glassy matrix with spatially correlated oxygen jump rat...

Squalane stabilized with 0.2 wt.% of Irganox 1010 and a medium-density polyethylene containing 0.1 wt.% of the same antioxidant were exposed to two different aqueous media (water solutions containing either 10 ppm Cl2 or 10 ppm ClO2, both buffered to pH = 6.8) at different temperatures between 3...

This study focused on an investigation into the experimental quantities inherent in the determination of partition coefficients from gas–liquid chromatographic measurements through the use of capillary columns. We prepared several squalane – (2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosane) – containin...

Squalane is being recommended as a secondary reference material for viscometry at moderate to high pressure and at moderate viscosity. As part of this work, a correlation has been developed for atmospheric pressure (Comuñas et al., 2013) [12]. Here we report new experimental high pressure viscos...

Squalene is a polyunsaturated hydrocarbon with a formula of C30H50. Squalene can be found in certain fish oils, especially shark liver oil, in high amounts and some vegetable oils in relatively smaller amounts. Human sebum also contains 13% squalene as one of its major constituents. Squalane is ...

Viscosity measurements with CO2-saturated squalane with three different methods, a novel and two classical ones, are compared in a range of pressure from 0.1 MPa to 10.1 MPa at temperatures of 313 K, 333 K and 353 K. The dynamic viscosities were measured using an acoustic levitator developed for...

Addition effect of 2nd metal to Ru catalysts in hydrogenolysis of squalane was investigated. Addition of V gave lower methane selectivity and higher C14-C16 selectivity and the effect was the most remarkable over SiO2 support. However, addition of V decreased the catalyst activity and increased ...

Vapor pressures and vaporization enthalpies of both squalane and squalene are evaluated by correlation gas chromatography using n-alkanes as standards. Vapor pressures as a function of temperature from T = (298.15–600) K are fit to a second order polynomial. Vaporization enthalpies of (134.4 ±...

The stability of europium(III) complexes with substituted diglycolic acids is altered by changing the ligand rigidity. The diglycolate analog tetrahydrofuran-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid (THFTCA) achieves nearly an order of magnitude stronger binding of europium(III) in dilute acidic solutions, ...