The liquid-phase hydrogenation of aromatic trinitro compounds was studied at atmospheric and elevated pressure and a temperature of 50–70 °C. It was shown that at atmospheric pressure, irrespective of the solvent type (water or acetic anhydride), a complete reduction of the nitro groups of 2,4...

The condensation of enantiopure 1,2-diamines with terephthalaldehyde, isophthalaldehyde or 2-iodo-, 2-alkyl- or 2-aryl-1,3-benzenedialdehydes in toluene followed by treatment with NBS in dichloromethane gives direct access to enantiopure 1,4-, and 1,3-di(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzenes (di...

As part of the chemical waste Project-Environment Programme, leaching experiments have been carried out on 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene solidified in cement. The release of 1,3,5-TCB in water has been observed to be almost constant over a period of 100 days and the maximum amount leached out is 40 μg...

A simple gas chromatographic method is described for the determination of dichloro-, trichloro-, and tetrachlorobenzene impurities in 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene samples. The sample is dissolved in carbon disulfide, and an aliquot is chromatographed on a 6-ft. long 10% Bentone 34 column. The peak hei...

The solutes dideuterium, 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene and p-dichlorobenzene (pdcb) are co-dissolved in a 61/39 wt% mixture of CBC9CB/5CB, a bimesogenic liquid crystal with two nematic phases. NMR spectra are collected for each solute. The local electric field gradient (FZZ) is obtained from the dideut...

The paper reports results of the X-ray diffraction structural studies of liquid 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene, at 358 K, with the use of MoKα radiation of the wavelength λ=0.71069 Å. The observable range of scattering angles was 6°≤2Θ≤120°. The function of reduced radiation intensity was analyse...

The solid–liquid phase equilibrium data for 3,5-dichloroaniline in n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, toluene, ethyl acetate and acetone at (283.15 to 308.15) K were determined experimentally by gas chromatography under 101.3 kPa. The solubility of 3,5-dichloroaniline in these solv...

Crystallization of the products of an exchange between LnCl3·6H2O and potassium 3,5-dinitrobenzoate from N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA) in the presence of DMSO afforded the isostructural complexes [Ln2(O2CC6H3(NO2)2)6(DMSO)4]·3(Me2N)C6H5 (where Ln = Eu (1 and its polymorphic modification 1a), Gd (2...

A mixture of xylenols (2,6-, 3,4-, 3,5-) was subjected to laboratory-scale constructed wetland treatment using helophytes. Conversion efficiencies under aerobic conditions ranged from 89% to 94%; the corresponding numbers under anaerobic conditions were lower. The studies were focused on the ide...

A simple and efficient procedure for the synthesis of 9H-xanthene or bisphenol derivatives has been developed by one-pot condensation of xylenols with aromatic aldehydes in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid (pTSA) as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions at 100 °C. It is noteworthy that...

Resins prepared from 3,5-xylenol and formaldehyde in 1:1 and 2:3 molar ratios, catalysed by both sodium hydroxide and ammonia were carbonised to 1000°C, then heat-treated to temperatures ranging from 1500 to 2800°C. Crystallite sizes were measured from the broadening of X-ray powder diffractio...

In this work, a joint experimental (FTIR and FT-Raman) and theoretical (DFT and ab initio) study on the structure and the vibrations of 4-Chloro-3,5-Xylenol (CXL) are compared and analyzed. CXL is a chlorinated phenolic antiseptic which is a bactericide against most gram-positive bacteria. The f...

Energy transfer from 3,5-xylenol to 2,6-diphenylpyridine (DPP) in a very dilute solution of the molecules in solvents of different viscosity, from 0.29 to 4.30 Cp, at 300 K is discussed. Excited xylenol does not form an exciplex with DPP. Non-radiative deactivation of the excited state of the xy...

SiO2 supported Cr2O3 catalysts with varying Cr content have been prepared and are characterized by nitrogen adsorption, low temperature oxygen chemisorption (LTOC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron spin resonance (ESR) techniques. Aromatization of isophorone is carried out on these catalysts...

Aromatization of isophorone to 3,5-xylenol was studied in a continuous-flow fixed-bed reactor at temperatures of 450–580°C and space velocities of 0.5–4.0 h−1 at atmospheric pressure using γ-alumina and magnesia (prepared in the laboratory) and commercially available chromia—alumina as cata...

The aim of this study was to apply experimental design in the optimization of catalytic aromatization of isophorone to 3,5-xylenol to improve 3,5-xylenol selectivity. The central composite design was used to design an experimental program to provide data to model the effects of various factors o...

Ultrasonic velocities and densities of binary liquid mixtures containing quinoline and mesitylene have been measured at temperatures T = (303.15,308.15,313.15 and 318.15) K over the entire molefraction range of quinoline under frequency of 3 MHz. Theoretical velocities have been evaluated by usi...

The amount of ethylene in refinery off-gas is high with a mass fraction of 20%, but the refinery off-gas is usually used as fuel gas in most refineries. The separation and recovery of ethylene is of remarkable significance for saving energy and reducing carbon dioxide emission. The aim of this p...

Excess acoustical factors such as excess intermolecular free length (LfE), excess adiabatic compressibility (βE), excess acoustic impedance (ZE) and excess ultrasonic velocity (UE) have been computed from experimentally determined values of densities(ρ), ultrasonic velocities(u) and viscositie...

A novel, nearly isothermal, nonselective-membrane separation process, membrane vapor extraction (MVE), efficiently recovers butanol from a dilute aqueous solution, for example, from a fermentation broth (Liu et al., 2015). In MVE, feed and solvent liquids are not in contact; they are separated b...