Fourteen novel 3-substituted-5-methyl-4-methylene-7-alkylsulfanyl-3,4-dihydro-pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine-8-carbonitriles, compounds 4a–n, were designed and synthesized via a facile regioselective cyclization process. The intermediate 2 reacted with triethyl orthoformate (molar ratio is 1:4) in the...

Protein kinase C theta (PKCθ) plays a critical role in T cell signaling and has therapeutic potential for T cell-mediated diseases such as transplant rejection and rheumatoid arthritis. PKCθ inhibitors have emerged as effective immunomodulative agents for the prevention of transplant rejection...

Treatment of nitroarenes with 1-(phenylsulphonylmethyl)azoles in the KOH/DMSO system at room temperature resulted usually in the cleavage of the phenylsulphonyl group, whereas the t-BuOK/DMF system at low temperature promotes to a greater extent oxidation of the σ-adducts. When 1-(phenylsulphin...

The influence of three 2-amino-5-nitro-4,6-diarylcyclohex-2-ene-1,3,3-tricarbonitrile (ANDT) derivatives namely, 2-amino-5-nitro-4,6-diphenylcyclohex-1-ene-1,3,3-tricarbonitrile (ANDT-1), 2-amino-4,6-bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-nitro-cyclohex-2-ene-1,3,3-tricarbonitrile (ANDT-2) and 2-amino-4,6-bis...

Multistage enantioselective liquid–liquid extraction (MELLE) of amino-(4-nitro-phenyl)-acetic acid (PGL) enantiomers using CuPF6{(S)-BINAP} as extractant was studied experimentally in a countercurrent cascade of ten centrifugal contactor separators. Based on an equilibrium stage approach, an in...

Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is a valuable herb in China that has also gained popularity in the West because of its pharmacological properties. The constituents isolated and characterized in ginseng stems include ginsenosides, fatty acids, amino acids, volatile oils, and polysaccharides. In this stu...

Production of the optically pure enantiomers has attracted much attention for both agrochemicals and drugs due to their more target-specific feature and fewer side effects than racemic mixtures. In the case of ibuprofen, an anti-inflammatory drug, the (S)-(+)-form is remarkably active than (R)-(...

Thiazolides are polypharmacology agents with at least three mechanisms of action against a broad spectrum of parasites, bacteria and viruses. In respiratory viruses they inhibit the replication of orthomyxoviridae and paramyxoviridae at a post-translational level. Nitazoxanide 1a, the prototype ...

Alkyl ester prodrugs are well known to be bioconverted by carboxylesterases, particularly in rodents’ by first-pass metabolism in the systemic circulation and liver. However, the bioconversion of structurally more complex esters with polar functional groups is less well understood, especially i...

Synthesis of caffeic acid ester essentially requires an efficient esterification process to produce various kinds of medicinally important ester derivatives. In the present study, a comprehensive and comparative analysis of whole-cell catalyzed caffeic acid esters production in ionic liquids (IL...

Iron-porphyrin (5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H, 23H-porphine iron(III) chloride) was used in combination with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The electrochemical behavior of Sudan I on the iron-porphyrin-SWNT-DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide) modified GCE wa...

Optical constants (refractive index, n, and absorption index, k) of the as-deposited and annealed films of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H, 23H-porphine iron (III) chloride (FeTPPCl) have been obtained in the wavelength range 190–2500 nm by using spectrophotometric measurements. The obtained optical...

Nine phosphonates surfactant were synthesized by two steps. The first step was condensation between acetaldehyde and butyl amine, dodecylamine or hexadecylamine individually to give three corresponding Schiff bases, and then the Schiff base products were added to dibutyl phosphite individually. ...

The complexes, trans-Pt(NH3)4 Br22+ and trans-Pt(NH3)4Cl22+ have been electrochemically reduced to Pt(NH3)42+ at a platinum electrode. The electrochemical oxidation of Pt(NH3)42+ at a platinum electrode in aqueous bromide and chloride solutions produced trans-Pt(NH3)4Br22+ and trans-Pt(NH3)4Cl22...

Reduction of trans-[Pt(CN)4Cl2]2− by [Pt(NH3)4]2− and [Pt(en)2]2− was studied at 25°C in the range 0⩽[Cl−]⩽0.4 M by use of stopped-flow spectrophotometry. The stoichiometry [Pt(IV)]:[Pt(II)] is 1:1. Rapid-scan spectra show clear-cut isosbestic points, indicating that no reaction intermediates a...

The redox reaction between [Pt(NH3)4]2+ and [W(CN)8]3− in the presence of Cl− anions in aqueous solution affords single crystals of [PtII(NH3)4]2[WIV(CN)8] and [PtIV(NH3)4Cl2]Cl2. Trapped cyano ligands of [W(CN)8]4− rectangular antiprisms of D2 point symmetry between parallel Pt(II) square plane...

The reaction of dichloride anion radical with tetraammineplatinum(II) ion has been studied in aqueous, acidic solution using the fast-reaction technique of pulse radiolysis in conjunction with UV-visible absorption detection. The second-order rate constant for the reaction of Cl.2 radical with t...

In this paper, the ferric-reductase activities of Vibrio vulnificus were investigated. This species comprises two biotypes pathogenic for humans and eels that are able to express different mechanisms for iron acquisition. All strains of both biotypes used in this study were able to reduce ferric...

The behaviour of the iron chelates and sodium salts of EDTA, DTPA and EDDHA in calcareous (iron deficient) and alluvial (border-line iron deficient) soils and their effectiveness during plant growth were studied. The effectiveness of the iron chelates in maintaining soluble iron and in supplying...

Soil application of synthetic Fe(III)-chelates, mainly those derived from ethylendiamine di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (EDDHA) and ethylendiamine di(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenylacetic) acid (EDDHMA), is the most effective, but the most expensive practice used to correct iron deficiency in plants gr...