A high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been defined for the determination of eclanamine (free base of eclanamine maleate) and two of its metabolites, N-desmethyleclanamine and N,N-didesmethyleclanamine in urine. The method employs 10-ml urine samples, has a linear range from 5 to 5...

The preparation of 19-nor-5α-androstane 3β,5, 17β-triol 3,17 diacetate (10) is described. When this alcohol was treated with the mercuric oxide-iodine reagent it underwent fragmentation of the C(5)–C(10) bond with formation of a new type of 10-membered ring containing 5,10-seco-steroidal com...

The oxidation of androst-4-ene-3β,9α,17β-triol 3,17-diacetate (2) with lead tetraacetate resulted mainly In β-fragmentation of the C(9)–C(10) bond to give a mixture of 10α- and 10β-acetoxy-Δ4-unsaturated 9,10-seco-steroidal ketones (3a and 3b) as the minor components (in ~7% yield) and t...

The metal complexes of 4-ethyl-1-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) thiosemicarbazide (L1) with MCl2 (M = Co2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+) and Zn(Ac)2 in EtOH were synthesized and characterized using spectral (IR, 1H-NMR, mass, UV–Visible), magnetic moment and thermal measurements. Binary and ternary complexes with the ge...

Of all the active compounds in rosemary extract, carnosic acid (CaA) has the most potent antimicrobial and antioxidant activity; however, its low solubility limits its applications. We developed complexing systems using cycloamylose (CA), branched dextrin (BD), and β-cyclodextrin (βCD) to impr...

The aqueous extract of the edible green microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa is of interest because of its immunostimulatory activity. Some components in the extract have been identified previously, namely a unique type of arabinogalactan and a galactofuran. Further fractionation of this extract was...

Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, is a very promising therapeutic drug with varied medicinal properties but it has low water solubility and consequentially low bioavailability. Cyclic β-(1 → 3),(1 → 6)-glucans (CBG), microbial cyclooligosaccharides produced by Bradyrhizobium ja...

Cyclic β-(1, 2)-glucan is a water soluble biopolymer linked by β-(1, 2)-glucose residues. Its production by Rhizobium meliloti is enhanced by adopting a two step response surface methodology. Initial screening design indicates that the amount of mannitol, glutamic acid and sodium chloride are ...

2(5)-Substituted 4-hydroxy-3,4-diphenylcyclopent-2-en-1-ones easily react with 2.5 molar excess of maleic anhydride to give 1(4)-substituted 7,8-diphenylbicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides containing alkyl groups at bridgehead of the bicycle. The stereochemistry of ...

Study of the reactions of monomers with the 1-cyano-1-methylethyl and 1-phenylethyl radicals, derived from azobisisobutyronitrile and 1,1′-azobis(1-phenylethane) respectively, has been extended to the cases of isoprene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene and 2,3-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene. The procedure in...

Synthesis of ONO tridentate imine based molecule N'-[(E)-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)methylidene]-3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carbohydrazide (HTp) is gained quick attention because of its operational simplicity carried by both conventional and microwave methods and structurally it was elucidated by an...

A new and efficient procedure has been designed for the preparation of 6-alkylamino-2,4-dialkyl(aryl)thiopyrimidines. The first alkylthio group was introduced into the pyrimidine ring by S-alkylation. The introduction of the second one was successfully achieved using the diazotization–alkylthio...

The inhibition effect of five pyrimidine derivatives (2-chloropyrimidine, 2-hydroxypyrimidine, 2-bromopyrimidine, 2-aminopyrimidine, 2-mercaptopyrimidine) on the corrosion of cold rolled steel (CRS) in 0.1 M HNO3 solution was comparatively examined. 2-Mercaptopyrimidine (MP) was found to be an e...

Complexes of copper(II) nitrate and chloride with several bis(pyrazol-1-yl)methane derivatives have been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic (IR, UV–Vis) and electrochemical (solution conductivity measurements, cyclic voltammetry) techniques. The complexes react with bidentate (2,2′-bi...

The stop consonants of Indo-Iranian languages are categorized into two to maximum five laryngeal categories. The present study investigates whether Voice Onset Time (VOT) reliably differentiates the word-initial stop laryngeal categories and how it covaries with different places of articulation ...

The Indo-Malaysian region harbours some of the highest diversity globally, yet it is also has the highest rates of deforestation. Furthermore some countries have shown up-to a 10 times increase in the area deforested annually between 2001 and 2014. Large-scale forest clearance is preceded by the...

Although both linguistic and historical studies indicated only a small group of Aryans had been involved into the diffusion of Indo-Aryan languages into Bangladesh, no genetic studies had been carried out to prove this notion. By studying mitochondrial DNA variants of 240 Bengali speakers in Ban...

The interlinked Eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) and Western Pacific Ocean (WPO), known as the Indo-Pacific warm pool, are highly active regions for intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs). Interestingly, distinct behaviors exist in ISO seasonality in these two basins. In the WPO, ISO intensity peaks in win...

Indo-Pacific coral reefs face an unprecedented level of anthropogenic pressure. Cyanide fishing is a highly destructive method employed to capture live fish from Indo-Pacific coral reefs and supply the live fish food trade in Asia and the global marine aquarium trade. To allow the development an...

Tectonic processes from the breakup of Rodinia to Gondwana assembly have been studied on large continents. However, the role of micro-continental blocks in Neoproterozoic supercontinental cycle is barely known. Geochronological and geochemical studies on a combination of 57 (meta-) sedimentary a...