In this research, the influence of ultrasonic application and temperature on extraction yields of free, esterified, bound phenolics, and β-glucan from defatted oat bran was investigated. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and conventional extraction (CE) were performed at different temperatur...

The present work was aimed to study the effect of heat-moisture treatment (HMT) at 30% moisture content and temperature of 100 °C/12 h on physicochemical and functional properties of starches from eight Indian oat cultivars. As compared to native starches, HMT starches had significantly (p

Oat (Avena sativa L.) seedling extract exhibited a high degree of catalytic activities. Bioinformatics were used to identify β-amylases as abundant enzymes in the oat seedling extract. These identified oat enzymes are a member of the GH14 family. Proteins in the Avena sativa seedling extract we...

Oat cultivars were toasted and studied for their physical properties (1000 kernel weight, bulk density, and l/b ratio). Both the control and toasted samples were milled into flour and studied for their functional (water absorption capacity, WAC; oil absorption capacity, OAC), color (L∗, a∗, b∗ v...

A new class of sulfonated poly(fluorene-co-sulfone)ether membranes containing perfluorocyclobutane (PFCB) groups were synthesized and characterized in terms of their electrochemical properties as proton exchange membranes for fuel cells. Two monomers, 9,9-bis(4-trifluorovinyloxyphenyl)fluorene a...

We studied the effect of carbamoylphosphate (CP) on L-aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) and L-alanine aminotransferase (GPT), compared to its effect on L-threonine deaminase (TD). GPT and GOT were slightly inhibited by CP, while TD was strongly inhibited. GPT and TD, but not GOT, were inactivated...

The effects exerted by carbamoyl phosphate (CP) and cyanate (KCNO) on rat liver l-threonine deaminase have been studied. The two compounds showed the same effects, inhibiting through a competitive mechanism both the holoenzyme and the dialyzed enzyme; inhibition was more evident for the latter. ...

In Trypanosoma brucei, several genes termed ESAGs for expression site-associated genes are contained within the polycistronic transcription units of the VSG gene, and their transcription is coordinately regulated during the parasite life-cycle. Since the VSG mRNA is characterized by a drastic de...

The tsx gene of Escherichia coli encodes an outer membrane protein, Tsx, which constitutes the receptor for colicin K and bacteriophage T6, and functions as a substrate-specific channel for nucleosides and deoxynucleosides. The mini-Mu element pEG5005 was used to prepare a gene bank in vivo, and...

4′-Thiothymidine (S-dThd) is a potent inhibitor of L1210 cell growth and is active against P388 leukemia in mice. Because of these activities and its novel structure, we have begun studies of its metabolism and metabolic actions in L1210 cells in order to understand its mechanism of cytotoxicit...

This study reports on the radiosynthesis and feasibility studies of 4′-[methyl-11C]thiothymidine ([methyl-11C]S-dThd) as a tumor proliferation imaging agent. [Methyl-11C]S-dThd was synthesized by rapid methylation of corresponding 5-trimethylstannyl- or 5-tributylstannyl-precursor via a palladi...

The interaction of 4-thiothymidine (S4TdR) with human serum albumin (HSA) was studied by equilibrium dialysis under normal physiological conditions. In this work, the mechanism of the interaction between S4TdR and human serum albumin (HSA) was exploited by fluorescence, UV, CD circular, and SERS...

IntroductionThe use of thymidine (TdR) and thymidine analogs such as 3′-fluoro-3′-deoxythymidine (FLT) as positron emission tomography (PET)-based proliferation markers can provide information on tumor response to treatment. Studies on another TdR analog, 4′-thiothymidine (4DST), suggest that...

Photoaffinity labeling (PAL) in combination with recent developments in mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for studying nucleic acid-protein interactions, enabling crosslinking of both partners through covalent bond formation. Such a strategy requires a preliminary study of the most judicious ...

Oxidation of 2′-deoxy-5-ethyl-4′-thiouridine with sodium meta-periodate yielded a separable mixture of (R) and(S)-sulfoxides. The structure of the (R)-sulfoxide was confirmed by X-ray analysis. When treated with sodium deuteroxide, the H-4′ proton was exchanged for deuterium with epimerisatio...

We report herein the synthesis of appropriately protected 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-4′-thiouridine (5), -thiocytidine (7), and -thioadenosine (35) derivatives, substrates for the synthesis of novel modified RNAs. The synthesis of 5 and 7 was achieved via the reaction of 2,2′-O-anhydro-4′-thiouridi...

4-Pyrimidinone ribofuranoside (H2o4U) and 4-pyrimidinone 2′-deoxyribofuranoside (dH2o4U) were synthesized by the oxidative desulfurization of parent 2–thiouracil nucleosides with m-chloroperbenzoic acid. The crystal structures of H2o4U and dH2o4U and their conformations in solution were determ...

The use of the 3-O-(N-acyl)carbamoyl directing groups in the synthesis of the potent anti-Herpes virus agent 2′-deoxy-5-ethyl-4′-thio-D-uridine is described. This includes details of experiments to optimise the carbamate substitution and a multi-gram exemplification of the key steps.

Racemic 2′-deoxy-5-ethyl-4′-thiouridine was synthesised utilising the stereoselective iodolactonisation of 3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy-N,N-dimethyl-4-pentenamide as the key transformation. The stereo-isomeric mixture of nucleosides was resolved using HPLC on a Chiralcel OJ column. The β-d ...

A convenient preparation of S-(2-cyanoethyl) protected 2′-deoxy-4-thiouridine (5a) and 4-thiouridine (5b) is presented. The S-cyanoethyl protecting group is stable to reagents commonly encountered during the phosphoramidite method of solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis, and is readily deprote...