4′-Azido- (7), 4′-C-fluoromethyl- (8) 4′-C-ethynyl- (9) and 4′-C-cyano- (10) 2′-deoxy-4′-thiocytidines have been synthesized. In this study, it was found that the isolated yield of 4′-thiouracil nucleoside 13 in a Lewis acid-promoted Vorbrüggen-type glycosidation utilizing 12 was better ...

The diastereoselective synthesis of the C-2 epimer and the C-1, C-2 di-epimers of the putative structure of the alkaloid uniflorine A has been achieved. The synthesis of the latter di-epimers employed a novel pyrrolo[1,2-c]oxazin-1-one precursor to allow for the reversal of π-facial diastereose...

Photoreflectance and photoemission quantum yield spectroscopies are used for the experimental study of direct photoemission, photon-enhanced thermionic emission (PETE), surface band bending and photovoltage, effective electron affinity, and probabilities of electron escape into a vacuum under ce...

The increasing nuclear energy consumption has posed serious environmental concerns (e.g. nuclear leakage), and the removal of radionuclides such as cesium becomes an urgent issue to be solved currently. In this research, a novel non-toxic adsorbent lithium-modified montmorillonite clay encapsula...

Publisher SummarySphingosine is the major lipid moiety of glycosphingolipids and phosphosphingolipids (sphingomyelins, glycosylphosphatidylinositols). These compounds are expressed on the surface of cell membranes and they play an important role in cell-cell interactions, in signal transduction,...

(2R,3Z)-, (2R,3E)-, (2S,3Z) and (2S,3E)-2-Acetylamino-3-octadecen-1-ol, and (2R)- and (2S)-2-acetylamino-octadecan-1-ol were prepared using the Wittig olefination of Garner's aldehyde (N-Boc-N,O-isopropylidene-l- or d-serinal) from l- or d-serine. The apoptotic activities of these saturated...

The (L)-threo-N,N-dibenzyl sphingosine was prepared in two steps from the serinal derivative 1 by diastereoselective alkenylation with pentadec-1-enyl(ethyl)zinc and deblocking. (D)-erythro-N,N-Dibenzyl sphingosine was also prepared in two steps from 1 by a highly diastereoselective alkynylation...

Growth hormone (GH) secretion in man is pulsatile and this pattern is regulated by both GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin. A large body of experimental evidence in both man and animals supports the model that bursts of GH secretion are mediated by a reduction of tonic hypothalamic som...

The effects of the human growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (hGRF(1–44)-NH2: hGRF-44), bovine GRF (bGRF(1–44)-NH2: bGRF-44), and their analogs (hGRF(1–29)-NH2, [D-Ala2]-hGRF(1–29)-NH2, bGRF(1–29)-NH2, [D-Ala2, Ala15]-bGRF(1–29)-NH2) as well as rat GRF (rGRF) on bovine GH release from an...

ObjectiveTo study the effect of somatotropin administration on growth and puberty attainment of Rahmani ewes -lamb.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of immunoneutralization of growth hormone-releasing factor [GRF(1–29)-NH2] on concentrations of somatotropin (ST) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in lactating beef cows. In Experiment 1, multiparous Hereford cows were immunized ag...

Fenpyroximate, an acaricide, is widely used in the prevention of acarids (mites) in plants. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo acute toxicity of fenpyroximate was examined using the marine flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and its gill cell line (FG). The 48h-IC50 (95% confidence limits) valu...

Cyenopyrafen is a Mitochondrial Electron Transport Inhibitor (METI) acaricide with a novel mode of action at complex II, which has been recently developed for the control of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae, a pest of eminent importance globally. However, some populations of T. urticae are cr...

A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxificat...

Plant viruses, in particular Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), are model systems to study RNA and protein trafficking in plants. Although TMV cell-to-cell transport controlled by the 30-kDa movement protein (MP) has been intensively studied, it was only recently demonstrated that the 126/183-kDa repli...

Coronin 1, a member of the evolutionary conserved WD repeat protein family of coronin proteins is expressed in all leukocytes, but a role for coronin 1 in natural killer (NK) cell homeostasis and function remains unclear. Here, we have analyzed the number and functionality of NK cells in the pre...

Azole-resistant mutants of Botrytis cinerea have a multidrug resistance phenotype since they exhibit cross-resistance to unrelated chemicals. These mutants also display resistance to the new azole fungicide oxpoconazole. Resistance to oxpoconazole is associated with decreased accumulation of the...

Although the interactions between the μ- and the δ-opiate receptor subtypes are well documented with regard to supraspinal analgesia, less is known about the mutual interactions on respiratory depression. To clarify the functional interactions between both opiate receptor subtypes with regard ...

We have synthesized novel 2-O-substituted apomorphines with both different lengths of lipophilic alkyl chains and alkyl chains carrying free hydroxyl groups. Two bis-apomorphines formed as side products of the reactions with diols were isolated and characterized as well. The neuropharmacological...

The synthesis, geometrical parameters, spectroscopic studies, optimised molecular structure, vibrational analysis, Mullikan population analysis, MEP, NBO, frontier molecular orbitals and NLO effects of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone N-(4)-methyl-N-(4)-phenylthiosemicarbazone, C25H23N5O...