Derivatives of 3,4-ethylenedithiothiophene (EDTT) are reported starting from tetrabromothiophene. Selective 2,5-dilithiation followed by reaction with a range of aldehydes gives diols as mixtures of diastereomers. Only the 2 and 5 positions in thiophene react leaving the 3,4-bromides for further...

In this work, excited-state intramolecular single and double proton transfer mechanisms for 2,5-bis(benzoxazol-2-yl)thiophene-3,4-diol were investigated using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) method for the first time. Our calculations showed that the intramolecular hydrogen bond...

The symmetrical structures 2,5-bis(benzoxazol-2-yl)thiophene-3,4-diol (BBTD) can take shape two intramolecular hydrogen bonds in chloroform. In order to research the molecular dynamic behavior of BBTD upon photo-induced process, we utilize density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent densi...

2,5-bis(benzoxazol-2-yl)thiophene-3,4-diol (BBT) is a newly synthesized water-soluble fluorophore dye with two intramolecular hydrogen bonds. It was demonstrated that BBT exhibits the excited-state intramolecular single and double proton transfer emissions in recent experiment. In order to expla...

In this work, excited-state intramolecular single proton transfer emission (S-PTE) and double proton transfer emission (D-PTE) are presented by employing 2,5-bis(benzoxazol-2-yl)thiophene-3,4-diol (1) as a prototype. 1 has been strategically designed and synthesized in an aim to explore single p...

Optical properties of indium-exchanged mordenite (MOR) zeolite have been studied using diffuse reflectance UV-Vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. It has been found that reduced In-MOR zeolites, containing low-valence In+ exchange cations, can exhibit efficient ultraviolet and visible-li...

A comprehensive study of processes taking place during synthesis and subsequent thermal treatment of hafnium oxide was performed. Synthesis of HfO2 involves following stages: stepwise dehydration of hydrated hafnium hydroxide, crystallization of metastable tetragonal phase of HfO2 and subsequent...

Two sets of activating solutions with increasing sodium hydroxide contents were prepared either with or without silicates. Their buffer capacities, i.e. their ability to resist changes in pH, were determined and compared using the Hammett acidity function, a measure of acidity appropriate for co...

It has been previously confirmed that the dissolution of magnesium hydroxide was a crucial procedure in its application process. Note that the ultrasound is an effective method for enhancing solid dissolution. In this study, the enhancement of ultrasound on the dissolution of magnesium hydroxide...

A hollow–structured NiCo Hydroxide/carbon nanotube composite is prepared using a facile epitaxial growth route based on the construction of a new 3D hard template and a subsequent etching treatment. With a controlled etching procedure, the hard template Cu2O nanoparticles gradually dissolve, wh...

Organic onium hydroxide aqueous solutions (OHAS) are demonstrated to be potential solvents for the dissolution of lignin and its epoxidation. A series of OHAS has been assessed in terms of the solubility of soda lignin (SL) and Klason lignin (KL), which are moderately and rarely soluble in NaOH ...

In this work, a clean metallurgical process is used to separate and recover vanadium and chromium from V-Cr-bearing reducing slag. Comparing with the traditional process, the process not only reduces the use of sulfuric acid, but also saves the cost of wastewater purification. The process consis...

To recycle vanadium and chromium from the V–Cr-bearing reducing slag, the thermodynamics of separating V(IV) and Cr(III) at 298 K was summarized in the form of potential–pH diagram and activity–pH diagram. The potential–pH diagrams of V–Mn–H2O and Cr–Mn–H2O systems show that the electrod...

Volatile fatty acids (C4–C11) including even-, odd-, and branched-chain members in lamb tissues were quantitatively analyzed. Volatile branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) were more concentrated in subcutaneous adipose tissue samples (rump, shoulder, breast) than in perinepheric adipose or muscle ...

Bovine, ovine, and caprine milk fats were treated with pregastric lipases (kid goat, calf, and lamb), microbial lipases (Candida cylindracea, C. cylindracea AY30, Aspergillus niger APF12, Rhizopus arrhizus, Penicillium roqueforti R10, and Mucor zavanicus Map 10), porcine pancreatic lipase, or mi...

Concentrations of FFA in Cheddar-like hard goat cheeses were all above the threshold concentrations, except for pentanoic, heptanoic, and 10-undecenoic acids. The relative abundance of n-chain FFA in Cheddar-like hard goat cheeses, from greatest to least, were n-C10, n-C12, n-C8, n-C6, n-C4, n-C...

Colostrum from French-Alpine and Anglo-Nubian goats and Holstein cows was collected and analyzed for both total and FFA of 12 and fewer carbon atoms. Short-chain VFA were separated from long-chain fatty acids using simultaneous distillation extraction. The n-butyl esters of fatty acids were quan...

The characteristic mutton odour, associated with the cooked meat of older sheep, can be problematic for some consumers who find the odour disagreeable. Branch chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are considered to be the main determinants of mutton odour. In this study, the aim was to identify the factors ...

The attempted preparation of trans-1,2-dilithioethylene by the action of two molar equivalents of n-butyllithium on trans-1,2-bis(tri-n-butystannyl) ethylene was unsuccessful, the reaction stopping at the Bu3SnCHCHLi + BuLi stage. However, trans-1,2-disubstituted ethylene derivatives could be ...

A series of three 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-ethylene derivatives was prepared and evaluated as potential estrogen receptor imaging agents. The compounds display high binding affinity compared to estradiol, with the 2-iodo and 2-bromo-derivatives expressing higher affinity than...