The paper describes the use of advanced reduction processes (ARPs) with dithionite/UV to remove arsenic from water/wastewater. The highly reducing radicals generated by the ARP react with arsenite and arsenate to produce solid phases such as elemental arsenic or arsenic sulfides that can be read...

Efficient and environmentally friendly activation methods of persulfate (PS) have gained growing attention in the remediation of water or soil polluted by organic contaminants. Among all, the exploration of effective and applicable method for the PS activation becomes one of the hottest topics i...

Closed-system experiments were conducted to investigate the decomposition of sodium dithionite in aqueous solutions under varying pH and starting concentrations to simulate the deployment of dithionite as an in-situ redox barrier. Co-determination of dithionite and its degradation products was c...

Gold (0–75 μg ml−1) was determined spectrophotometrically at 605 nm in a flow injection (FI) system based on the reaction of gold(III) and 5-(4-sulphophenylazo)-8-aminoquinoline (SPA) in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The carrier stream was 1% (w/v) disodium ethylenedia...

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to test the link between exposure to parental alcohol use (i.e., preteens seeing their parents drinking) and preteen's alcohol use. Specifically, this study aimed to (a) replicate the association between parental alcohol use and preteen alcohol use ...

BackgroundThe health and economic consequences of alcohol consumption have been assessed mainly in developed countries. This study aims to estimate health impact and economic burden attributable to alcohol use in India.

Chronic ethanol consumption in high doses is associated with constitutively elevated activity of the serum alcohol dehydrogenase I (ADH I) isoform, which demonstrates a high affinity not only for ethanol but also for a number of bioamine metabolites. Such excessive ADH activity is probably assoc...

BackgroundRoutine alcohol screening scores are increasingly available in electronic health records (EHRs). Changes in such scores could be useful for monitoring response to brief intervention or treatment of alcohol use disorder. However, it is unclear whether changes in clinically-documented AU...

Minimum unit prices (MUPs) have been proposed on the grounds that they can reduce alcohol consumption of the heaviest drinkers, without significantly burdening moderate drinkers. This paper examines the case for MUPs in an optimal tax framework. Such a policy can improve welfare when two conditi...

The aim of this paper was to investigate associations between engagement in various types of leisure activity and alcohol use among Ukrainian adolescents. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 1075 adolescents who were enrolled in the Family and Children of Ukraine birth cohort study using a ...

AimsTo identify the extent to which patients admitted to a general hospital in Vietnam meet the criteria for risky alcohol drinking, alcohol use disorder (AUD), and alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS), describe problems and behavior of alcohol use such as types and quantity of alcohol drinking in ...

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been used to detect a series of 3-oxodicarboxylic acids in human urine as their corresponding dimethyl ester trimethylsilyl enol ethers. 3-Oxohexanedioic acid, 3-oxooctanedioic acid and 3-oxodecanedioic acid were demonstrated to be normal urine constituen...

Cotton cellulose was treated with 1 and 3 m sodium hydroxide at 170–190°C under oxygen pressure of 200 and 400 kPa. About 60–70% of the cellulose was converted into low molecular weight carboxylic acids, which were analysed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In all 60 a...

Cotton cellulose was treated with 1 and 3 M sodium hydroxide at 170–190°C and the resulting mixtures were investigated by capillary gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Up to 65 products were identified including mainly straight-chain and branched-chain hydroxy monocarboxylic acids and...

Treatment of xylan, starch, and chitin with m and 3m sodium hydroxide at 175° and 190° gave mixtures of non-volatile carboxylic acids in yields of 50–70%, 40–60%, and 5–13%, respectively, in which >60 hydroxy monocarboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids were identified. The main compounds we...

Background and objectiveGreen coffee bean extract is used as herbal medicine or supplement for weight reduction and obesity. The active constituents are considered caffeine and chlorogenic acid (CGA) derivatives. The mode of action of CGA is still unclear and can be related to peroxisome prolife...

Acyl-CoA thioesterase II (TesB), which catalyzes hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs to free fatty acids and CoA, is involved in 3-hydroxyalkanoic acid production in Escherichia coli. Effects of genetic replacement of tesB with Saccharomyces cerevisiae acyl-CoA thioesterase gene PTE1 on 3-hydroxyalkanoic ac...

3-Hydroxy acids are constituents of the lipid A part of lipopolysaccharides and may potentially be used as chemical markers of endotoxin. While commercial enzymatic assays, such as the widely used Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay, commonly detect merely the water-soluble fraction of the bioa...

A four-month-old child with non-ketotic hypoglycemia and rapidly progressive cirrhosis excreted in her urine large amounts of two unidentified organic acids in addition to a spectrum of saturated, unsaturated, and 3-hydroxy dicarboxylic acids in her urine. Gas chromatographymass spectrometry of ...

Taking advantage of the high functionality of an enantiopure protected syn-2R-amino-1,3,4-triol derivative, easily available on a multigram scale from D-isoascorbic acid, several biologically active compounds have been synthesized such as the (2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxydecanoic acid (AHDA), the N-...