In continuation of the study of the structure of boron hydrodihalides, calculations have been made of the fundamental vibration frequencies of dibromoborane. Using the available experimental infra-red data we have made the assignment of the stretching frequencies of BBr and BH, as well as th...
Dibromoborane–dimethyl sulfide (BHBr2–SMe2) displays high degrees of chemo- and regioselectivity during the brominative cleavage of the epoxy group into vicinal bromohydrins in the presence of alkene, alkyne, allene, ether, acetal and acetonide, besides its hydroborating ability. Several reduc...
β- Bi2O3 was stabilized by doping it with 10 mol % of thorium following solution combustion synthesis and co precipitation method. The samples have been characterized extensively. Formation of tetragonal β- Bi2O3 was confirmed for these samples from powder X-ray diffraction and Raman spectrosc...
Thorium-fueled Pebble Bed Fluoride salt-cooled High-temperature Reactor (PB-TFHR) is a newly developed reactor concept featuring the technology of High Temperature gas-cooled Reactor (HTR) and the molten salt cooling for thorium-based fuels. To attain a deep burnup with enough negative temperatu...
Two thallium (I) thorium (IV) fluorides, TlTh3F13 and TlThF5 were obtained by solid state synthesis and their crystal structures determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data recorded at room temperature with an APEX-II CCD diffractometer. TlTh3F13 is orthorhombic, space group Pmc21, wit...
The technique of thin film forming of NaThxFy compounds on the Si (111) surface by electron-beam evaporation was developed. It is shown that the band gap of pure thorium fluoride is 6.7 eV; of sodium fluoride – 9.5 eV, while in compounds of thorium-sodium fluoride NaTh1.3F6.2 it takes the value...
This paper reports the electrochemical behavior of ThF4 in LiCl-KCl molten salt. It proposes a potentiometric method to determine the complexation constants of thorium (IV) with fluorides. The knowledge of these constants leads to calculate the speciation diagram of Th(IV) species as a function ...
The unusual oxidation state +3 of the thorium has been stabilized into a lithium containing non-stoichiometric mixed-valence (III/IV) thorium fluorinated phase with formula Li2+xTh12F50 (0
Breeder reactors are considered as a unique tool for fully exploiting natural resources. Fast breeder reactors based on thorium fuel can enhance inherent safety. Fluoride salt has good performance as a coolant in high-temperature nuclear systems. However, there is some doubt about the fuel breed...
Mixing system of uranium pebbles and thorium pebbles is compared with thorium blanket system to utilize thorium in Pebble Bed Fluoride Salt-cooled High Temperature Reactor (PB-FHR). A random modeling method is introduced to simulate the pebble mixing system. Cases with different volume fractions...
Models of plutonium solution chemistry in vivo require formation constants which are difficult to obtain but hafnium(IV) is biochemically similar t
A study has been made of the properties of fluoride glasses for use in particle calorimeters and a testing regime has been developed. Glasses in a range of compositions have been made and tested in the form of small samples and some, in the form of larger blocks, measuring up to 2×3×14 cm3. Re...
Optimum conditions for the reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (RP-LC) separation of ternary Zr(IV) and Hf(IV) complexes with fluoride (or acetate) and 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (5-Br-PADAP) performed with the end-capped C18 column were evaluated. The ternary metal systems ...
Zr and Hf are two elements with same ionic charge and similar ionic size at a given coordination number. Despite the Zr/Hf ratio is quite constant in meteorites and lithospheric rocks, in natural waters can be either higher or lower compared to values of interacting minerals and rocks. Here, we ...
The tendency of Zr(IV) and Hf(IV) to form polynuclear species (especially mixed Zr–O–Hf complexes) in aqueous solutions is, besides their almost identical chemical properties, one of the main obstacles in their separation. Therefore, finding a suitable way for the aforementioned complexes to d...
Ion mobility, phase transitions, thermal and electrophysical properties in (NH4)6LiZr3HfF23 and (NH4)6LiZrHf3F23 fluorides have been studied by 1H, 19F NMR, X-ray diffraction, DSC and impedance spectroscopy. The types of ion motions in the fluoride and ammonium sublattices of the fluorides have ...
During development of a method of fabricating fluoride glass preforms for drawing into optical fibres, in which core and cladding glasses are in intimate contact, back-scattered electron imaging revealed two distinct layers in the interface between the two glasses. The compositions of the two la...
Zircon mineral contains about 1–3% hafnium which is an undesirable impurity in the nuclear industry. A novel dry fluorination route was investigated to produce ZrF4 as a possible intermediate for the production of nuclear grade zirconium metal. The process was investigated by the reaction of pu...
As a continuation of the published reviews dedicated to the stereochemistry of fluoride complexes (1998) and mixed-ligand fluoride complexes of zirconium and hafnium (1999), the stereochemistry of 93 fluoride and 34 mixed-ligand fluoride complexes of zirconium and hafnium, whose structures were ...
We have synthesized fluorescent yttrium-based fluoride nanoparticles doped with Er3+ and Yb3+ ions. The nanocrystals, whose size can be adjusted from a few tens to a few hundreds of nanometers, exhibit a strong temperature-dependent fluorescence that makes them excellent candidates for nanoscale...
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