This paper describes a simple and practical protocol for the direct synthesis of monosulfonylated hydroquinones through a transition-metal-free cross-coupling between quinones and sulfonyl hydrazides in water. The procedure tolerates a variety of quinones and widely available sulfonyl hydrazides.
Three-component coupling reaction of terminal alkyne, sulfonyl azide, and amine for the synthesis of N-sulfonyl amidine was developed using heterogeneous [email protected] catalyst, which was generated by pyrolysis of HKUST-1 (Cu3(BTC)2, BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate). A variety of terminal ...
Regioselective hydroxysulfenylation of unactivated CC double bonds was reported. Using FeBr3-bpy as the catalyst, Na2S2O8 as the oxidant, and sulfonyl hydrazides as the sulfenyl sources, hydroxysulfenylation of unfunctionalized olefins proceeded readily, giving a variety of β-hydroxysulfides in...
An interesting and convenient procedure for the oxidative transformation of aryl alkyl ketones and secondary benzylic alcohols to aryl carboxylic acids has been developed. By using iodine and Fe(NO3)3·9H2O as the catalysts, DMSO and oxygen as the oxidants, the desired aryl carboxylic acids were...
A new 4β,5α-epoxy-6β-acetoxy-trans-germacr-l(10)-ene has been isolated from Sideritis varoi subsp. cuatrecasasii. The product has been subjected to several biomimetic cyclizations which have rendered cis-(1β-H,5β-H)-guaianes. One of these guaianes presents the same structure as a product al...
Syntheses of 1,3-difluorobenzene and 2,6-difluorotoluene are described via chlorosulfonation, catalytic Halex-fluorination, and desulfination of 1,3-dichlorobenzene and 2,6-dichlorotoluene.
The thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are a class of oral antidiabetic drugs that improve insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Although the mechanism by which the TZDs lower insulin resistance is unclear, they are known to target the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ...
Ortho-substituted fluorine in 2,4-difluorobenzoic acid was found to be regio-selectively replaced to hydroxide by solid sodium hydroxide in 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, to afford 4-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzoic acid in high yield. Several multi-fluoro-substituted benzoic acid derivatives were effec...
The effects of orally (100 mg) and intravenously (10 mg) administered alprenolol on the heart rate of 4 exercising healthy volunteers were correlated with the plasma concentrations of alprenolol and its metabolite 4-OH-alprenolol. The metabolite was recovered in plasma after both routes of alpre...
The thermodynamic quantities for the complex formation between the enantiomers of the β-blocking drug alprenolol and cellobiohydrolase I (CBH I), that earlier has been used as a chiral selector for aminoalcohols, revealed positive ΔH0 — values in all cases implying an entropy driven process. ...
To fully utilize the extended contact time of gel formulations a novel formulation with drug containing catanionic aggregates offering prolonged drug release and skin penetration were investigated. This study aimed to further explore the drug release process from catanionic vesicles in gels.Cata...
The effect of alprenolol and other β-adrenoceptor antagonists, including d-isomers, on blood flow in femoral, coronary and mesenteric vascular beds was measured in anesthetized dogs. Under conditions of constant perfusion pressure, intra-arterial injection of β-adrenoceptor antagonists produce...
In order to determine the importance of hydrophobicity in nasal drug absorption, we studied the bioavailability of the β-adrenoceptor blocking drugs, alprenolol and metoprolol, in volunteers, after nasal administration. The results were related to the oral and sublingual administration. The int...
A fast, sensitive, and enantioselective LC–MS/MS bioanalytical method was developed and validated for the direct determination of individual alprenolol enantiomers in human plasma using cellobiohydrolase (CBH) chiral stationary phases (CSP) along with supported liquid extraction (SLE) procedure...
The electrophoretic mobilities of alprenolol have been determined in a mixed solvent background electrolyte system containing sodium acetate (40 mM)+acetic acid (40 mM) as buffering agent and different volume fractions of water, methanol and ethanol using capillary electrophoresis. The mobility ...
Biodegradation of chiral pharmaceuticals in the environment can be enantioselective. Thus quantification of enantiomeric fractions during the biodegradation process is crucial for assessing the fate of chiral pollutants. This work presents the biodegradation of alprenolol and propranolol using a...
A novel fluorescent labeling method for alprenolol was developed based on Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. We designed and synthesized fluorescent aryl iodide, 4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)iodobenzene (DIBI) as a labeling reagent. DIBI has a lophine skeleton carrying an iodide atom acting a...
A new two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) method using a column switching valve, with a restricted-access media (RAM) column in the first dimension was developed and validated for the quantification of two β-blockers in human plasma. Several parameters, such as sample collection, mobi...
Polysiloxane copolymers containing 2–25 mol% of methylhydrosiloxane units were functionalized by platinum catalyzed hydrosilylation of vinylsilyl terminated cinnamic, β-(2-furyl) acrylic acid α-cyano β-styryl acrylic esters. The modification affords liquid photo-crosslinkable polymers with p...
Humic substance (HS) is a key pollutant in water supply or wastewater treatment. In this work, hollow microspheres constituted of NiCo2O4 (NCO) spinel were synthesized and used as the catalyst of catalytic wet air oxidation, aiming to remove HS at atmospheric pressure and low temperature. The re...
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