Pyrethrins are the insecticidal compounds obtained from the flowers of the plant Tanacetum cinerariaefolium, also called Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium or Pyrethrum cinerariaefolium. Pyrethroids are synthetic analogs of pyrethrins. Pyrethrins cause hyperexcitability with very little cytotoxicity...
Nanotechnology has recently attracted growing interest in the encapsulation of botanical insecticides for sustainable pest control. Biocompatible, biodegradable, and stimuli-responsive devices, however, were scarcely reported in the field of intelligent formulations of botanical insecticides. In...
Pyrethrin I, pyrethrin II, cinerin I, cinerin II, jasmolin I and jasmolin II are six closely related insecticidal active esters, known as pyrethrins, found in the pyrethrum extract from the dry flowers of Tanacetum cinerariifolium. The chemical structures of the six compounds differ only in the ...
Natural pyrethrins, one kind of insects’ neural toxin, have been used worldwide for the control of pests of crops, livestock, and human beings. However, their specific mechanisms of action are incompletely understood and hence further investigation is required. Here we used a series of experime...
This study reports on the preparation of goethite and its supported forms onto cellulose as adsorbents for the adsorption of 4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzene arsenic acid (roxarsone) from aqueous solution. Goethite nanoparticles (NPs) and their cellulose composites were prepared with good yield ∼97%, a...
An efficient photodegradation of roxarsone (ROX) was achieved by using synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoplates under UV light irradiation. ZnO nanoplates were synthesized by facile wet chemical method. Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles was done by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform i...
Roxarsone (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid, ROX) is an arsenic-containing compound widely used as a feed additive in poultry industries. ROX excreted in chicken manure can be transformed by microbes to different arsenic species in the environment. To date, most of the studies on microbial tr...
Roxarsone is an organoarsenic feed additive used in livestock and poultry production that is released into the environment, where it poses a risk to human health. It is known to have a tumor-promoting effect that is brought about by pro-angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth fact...
Enrofloxacin (ENR) and roxarsone (ROX) have been widely used in animal breeding. In this study, the daily clinical dosage of ENR and daily additive amount of ROX were administrated to Bama pigs. After 5 days, the activity and protein expression of three important enzymes in the cytochrome P450 f...
Roxarsone is widely present in wastewaters of many animal farms in China. However, little is known about how long-term roxarsone exposure influences the nitrogen removal of biological wastewater treatment in agricultural settings. Here we investigated the nitrogen removal performance of a biolog...
Roxarsone (ROX), an organoarsenic feed additive, occurs as itself and its metabolites including As(V), As(III), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) in animal manure. Animal manure improves soil biological property, whereas As compounds impact microorganisms. The integral ...
The transformation of roxarsone (ROX) during UV disinfection with Fe(III) has been investigated. Fe(OH)2+, as the main Fe(III) species at pH = 3, produces HO under UV irradiation leading to the oxidation of ROX. Dissolved oxygen plays a very important role in the continuous conversion of generat...
Roxarsone and sulfadiazine are typical feed additives and often occur in manure and livestock wastewater. Anaerobic digestion is a common technique for the treatment of manure and livestock wastewater. However, the influence of roxarsone and sulfadiazine on anaerobic digestion and their degradat...
In pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries, fast and strongly exothermic reactions are often carried out in semibatch reactors (SBRs) to better control the heat evolution by the feeding rate. In fact, for such processes, a thermal runaway event may be triggered whenever the rate of heat remo...
This study was carried out to explore the lowest achievable dinitrotoluene (DNT) isomer concentrations that would support sustained growth of DNT degrading microorganisms under an aerobic condition. Studies were conducted using suspended (chemostat) and attached growth (column) systems. The biod...
In this paper, a Graphene-Oxide Heat Absorption Monitoring (GO-HAM) sensor is designed and fabricated for high sensitivity detection of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (DNT). The calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) demonstrate that DNT molecules tend to be physisorbed onto the GO. Hence, th...
In this study, the influence of salinity, nitrate, pH, temperature, and dissolved organic matter on the rate of photolysis of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) in marine, estuary, and laboratory-prepared waters was measured. Photochemical degradation was studied using...
Volatile organic compounds can be adsorbed on the surfaces of clay minerals, but the mechanisms and interactions between adsorbate and clay surface are still not well understood. In this paper, the adsorption of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) molecule on the kaolinite surface has been studied at t...
Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 MNPs) were prepared by co-precipitation method, which possessed intrinsic peroxidase-like activity. It was found that the as-prepared Fe3O4 MNPs could not only catalyze the oxidation of peroxidase substrate, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate a...
This chapter presents the wildlife toxicity assessment (WTA) for 2,4- and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (DNT), primary products in propellants and by-products in the manufacture of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). Acute, subchronic, and chronic studies were available, representing three mammalian species in tw...
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