Shaken liquid fermentation of an isolate of Aspergillus ochraceus showed growth-associated production of ochratoxins A and B, followed by production of a related polyketide diaporthin. Later, between 150 and 250 h, mellein accumulated transitorily. In contrast, shaken solid substrate (shredded w...

This study investigated the occurrence of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 and ochratoxin A in chocolate marketed in Brazil. A hundred and twenty-five samples of powdered, bitter, dark, milk and white chocolate were evaluated for mycotoxins. Ochratoxin A was the most common mycotoxin in the evaluated...

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the main mycotoxins that can be found in food. The use of gamma radiation is a technique for preserving food that may exert some effects on mycotoxins. OTA was irradiated in its dry form, in aqueous and in methanolic solutions, and in wheat flour, grape juice and win...

A validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with fluorescence detection for the simultaneous quantification of ochratoxin A (OTA) and its analogues (ochratoxin B (OTB), ochratoxin C (OTC) and methyl ochratoxin A (MeOTA)) in red wine at trace levels is described. Before their...

This study investigated discrimination and prediction of ochratoxin A (OTA) in three Aspergillus carbonarius strains cultured grape-based medium using E-nose technology and GC–MS analysis. Results showed that these strains cultured medium samples were divided into four groups regarding their lo...

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin ubiquitous in feeds and foodstuffs. The water-insoluble pentacyclic triterpene bioactive compound, ursolic acid (UA), is widespread in various cuticular waxes of edible fruits, food materials, and medicinal plants. Although studies have reported that oxidative s...

The co-occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) and its five analogs (OTB, OTC, MeOTA, MeOTB and EtOTB) in 96 red wine samples from Mediterranean countries has been demonstrated, for the first time, in this study.OTA was detected in 99% of the samples (

Ochatoxin A (OTA) is one of the most important mycotoxins based on its toxicity. The oral route is the main gateway of entry of OTA into the human body, and specialized epithelial cells constitute the first barrier. The present study investigated the in vitro cytotoxic effect of OTA (5, 15 and 4...

Ochratoxin A (OTA), B (OTB) and their methyl (MeOTA, MeOTB) and ethyl (OTC, EtOTB) esters were evaluated in 51 red wine samples from Navarra (Spain). Detectable levels of OTA and OTB were found in 100% of the samples, and 71% showed the presence of OTC. The six ochratoxins appeared simultaneousl...

Ochratoxins are highly toxic contaminants and considerable threat to the health of humans and animals. Ochratoxins, mainly include ochratoxin A (OTA), ochratoxin B (OTB) and ochratoxin C (OTC), always exist in the food raw materials with the form of the mixture and they can convert to each other...

A recent observation that phenylbutyryl anthracenone 2, an analogue of the antipsoriatic anthralin, is a potent inhibitor of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) biosynthesis has prompted a search of other anthracenones with improved antiproliferative activity. In that direction, a limited number of analogues ...

A simple, mild and highly efficient condition for amide synthesis from acyl chlorides has been developed to minimize hydrolysis, racemization and other side reactions. This method should expand capabilities in the peptide coupling area.

The electrochemical behavior of a Pt-Cu (copper-platinum) electrode on the electroreduction of nitrate and nitrite ions has been investigated in an alkaline medium (0.05 M NaOH) in the presence of 5 mM sodium inositol phytate (NaIP6). Different electrode materials (Cu, Pt, and Pt-Cu) were used t...

Capacitive deionization (CDI), an emerging technology, has attracted attention recently and has been applied for various purposes. Herein, we investigated the application of a CDI system using activated carbon (AC) electrodes for nitrate removal and recovery in the scope of domestic wastewater t...

Two novel platinum(II) complexes cis-[Pt(L′)(NH3)X] (where L′ = cyclopentylamine or cyclohexylamine, X = 3-(nitrooxy)cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate) were synthesized and spectrally characterized in this study. The purity of complexes 1 and 2 were studied by HPLC–MS spectra, and the contents of...

The recent deposition rates of atmospheric nitrate derived from east Asia to the Japanese forested watershed facing the Sea of Japan are of serious concern. However, export ratios and the seasonality of atmospheric nitrate versus microbial nitrate from forest soils to upstreams have not yet been...

Using a simple slow decomposition method of nitrate precursors, high-surface area platinum-doped ceria with a crystallite size of 9 nm can be prepared. The catalytic performance of the compound can be tuned by changing the reduction temperature under hydrogen (300 °C, 500 °C and 700 °C). The ...

Nitrate electroreduction is studied on Pt(S)-[n(100)x(110)] stepped platinum single crystals with 2, 4, and 6 atoms wide terraces modified by copper adatoms. The electrodes were modified by electrodeposition of Cuad in a 0.1 M HClO4 + 0.020 M NaNO3 + 10−5 M Cu(ClO4)2 solution by cycling the pote...

Nitrate anion is one of the main nitrogen-containing-pollutants in groundwater and can be removed using denitrification systems including electrocatalytic systems. Herein we report on electrocatalytic nitrate reduction catalyzed on tin-modified single crystalline electrodes of palladium, platinu...

In this work, electroreduction of nitrate anions on bare and copper-modified platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) supported on glassy carbon is studied using cyclic voltammetry. Two types of Pt NPs are chosen for this purpose: unshaped (polyoriented) NPs and cubic NPs displaying the preferential (100...