To improve the compatibility and dispersed stability between tourmaline and a polymer resin matrix, the surface organic modification of tourmaline powder with span-60 was studied, and factors that influence the modification effects were investigated using the activation index and contact angle. ...

In this study, Niosomes, as vehicles for α-Tocopherol were formulated applying film hydration method to improve the availability and stability of α-Toc. Parameters affecting encapsulation efficiency (EE), mean size, polydispersity index and zeta potential were investigated, along with the diff...

In this short note, we study pairwise edge-disjoint rainbow spanning trees in properly edge-coloured complete graphs, where a graph is rainbow if its edges have distinct colours. Brualdi and Hollingsworth conjectured that every Kn properly edge-coloured by n−1 colours has n∕2 edge-disjoint rain...

Recently we have proved that Span 20 has the same enhancer effect as Azone on in vitro percutaneous penetration of lipophilic compounds (log Poct from 1.34 to 2.33). The purpose of this work is to study the interactions of Span 20 with stratum corneum lipids monolayers and to compare them with A...

Oil-in-water (o/w) nano-emulsions with paraffin as an oil phase and Sorbitan monooleate (Span 20)/polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 20) as emulsifiers were prepared using the emulsion inversion phase (EIP) method at 25 ℃. The properties of the nano-emulsions were investigated in detail...

We completely classify non-spanning 3-polytopes, by which we mean lattice 3-polytopes whose lattice points do not affinely span the lattice. We show that, except for six small polytopes (all having between five and eight lattice points), every non-spanning 3-polytope P has the following simple d...

The search of spanning trees with interesting disjunction properties has led to the introduction of edge-disjoint spanning trees, independent spanning trees and more recently completely independent spanning trees. We group together these notions by defining (i,j)-disjoint spanning trees, where i...

We address point sets in the d-dimensional space, in which every point is colored with at least one color out of the set C. A Color-Spanning Set or Rainbow Set is a set of points that covers all colors of C. The diameter of a set is the maximum distance between two points in the set. In this pap...

The spanning trees T1,T2,…,Tk of G are edge-disjoint spanning trees (EDSTs) if they are pairwise edge-disjoint. In addition to it if they are pairwise internally vertex disjoint then they are called completely independent spanning trees (CISTs) in G. In networks, EDSTs and CISTs are useful to i...

Networks portraying a diversity of interactions among individuals serve as the substrates(media) of information dissemination. One of the most important problems is to identify the influential nodes for the understanding and controlling of information diffusion and disease spreading. However, mo...

The sum of distances between all pairs of vertices (denoted by σ(⋅) and called the Wiener index) and the number of subtrees (denoted by F(⋅) and called the subtree index) of a graph G are two representative graph invariants that have been extensively studied. The “local” version of these grap...

To destabilize the emulsion during aqueous extraction processing (AEP) and improve oil yield of walnuts, sugar-aided aqueous extraction (SAAE) with optimized extraction parameters was explored. Demulsification mechanism using Span 20 at acidic pH during SAAE was discovered. Highest walnut oil yi...

Naphthenic acids (NAs) are refractory carboxylic acids that are believed to be one of the main causes of the oil sands process water (OSPW) toxicity. Understanding the kinetics, selectivity and structure-reactivity relation is a key factor to evaluate any process proposed for NAs degradation. An...

Formerly classified as naphthenic acids, “naphthenic acids fraction compounds” (NAFC) have become the subject of increasing research, in particular in view of their ubiquitous presence in the Canadian oil sands of Northern Alberta and oil sands process-affected waters (OSPW). NAFC, defined her...

Numerous Alkali/Surfactant/Polymer flooding (ASP) projects have been developed worldwide. Nevertheless, some disadvantages have limited the success of ASP during the execution in field, such as injection lines scaling and strong emulsification of the produced fluids. Commonly, appropriate formul...

The expansion of oil sands has made remediation of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) critical. As naphthenic acids (NAs) are the primary contributors to toxicity, remediation is required. Bioremediation by native microorganisms is potentially effective, however, toxicity of NAs towards nat...

Naphthenic acids (NAs) are widely present in crude oil and oil sands process-affected water (OSPW). NAs in crude oil lead to corrosion problems, promote emulsion formation, decrease oil quality, and deactivate catalysts, making it critical to isolate NAs. Owing to their toxicity and recalcitranc...

Utilization of renewable solar energy driven advanced oxidation processes for oil sands process water (OSPW) remediation has received extensive attention. Naturally existing inorganic photosensitizer in OSPW was investigated in this work to provide information about the application of indirect p...

Dissolved oxygen has been found to participate in the mineralization of naphthenic acids (NAs) by heat-activated persulfate (PS) oxidation. However, the reaction mechanisms involved needs further study. This work reports on the reaction pathways of heat (80 °C)-activated PS oxidation of model N...

Naphthenic acid is a toxic component that is present in the crude oil. It causes severe operational problems for oil refineries. However, naphthenic acid is a useful raw material for many industrial processes. Thus, it is advantageous to extract and recover the naphthenic acid from crude oil. Io...