Organochlorines, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), are persistent organic pollutants that both bioaccumulate and biomagnify within marine food webs. These legacy pollutants are known endocrine disruptors and have been reported to have adverse eff...

PCBs (Clophen A 50) were added to the sediment of laboratory model systems composed of sediment, water, benthic macroinvertebrates and fish. Part of the PCBs left the sediment and a concentration of 0·2–0·7 μg litre−1 was obtained in the water.The transport of PCBs from water to air includes...

1.1. An open in vitro trout liver perfusion technique has been developed.2.2. Paranitrophenol and paranitrophenol-glucuronide were demonstrated to be the main metabolites of paranitroanisole metabolism in perfused trout liver.3.3. The rate of paranitroanisole metabolism in perfused liver from Cl...

In this study the possible toxic and biochemical effects of one intraperitoneal dose of 5 or 50 mg kg−1 of 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (CB-77) or 50 or 200 mg kg−1 of Clophen A50 (CloA50) on 28-day-old eider ducklings (Somateria mollissima) were investigated. After ten days, no significant d...

The effect of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture Clophen A50 on hepatic cytochrome P4501A1 dependent EROD (7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase) activity, plasma thyroid hormone levels and plasma, kidney and liver retinoid concentrations of the euryhaline flatfish flounder (Platichthys flesus)...

Clophen A-30 (CA-30) or hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were given daily by gavage to lactating rhesus monkeys. Two animals received 16 mg of CA-30/kg for 29 days and one received the same amount for 22 days. Their infants at the time of sacrifice were 112, 149, and 68 days old, respectively. Three othe...

Recently, medicinal peptide molecules are of great interest to many international pharmaceutical companies, mainly because of their relatively lower research costs, shorter research cycles, and the greater likelihood of being drugs, when compared with traditional small molecules. Due to the grea...

We have developed an efficient oxidative transformation of thione to disulfides using diacetoxyiodobenzene (DIB) in acetonitrile at room temperature. This strategy is suited for oxidation of thiols to disulfide also. The present oxidation protocol is mild reaction condition, column free, and a n...

A semi-continuous reactor was employed to study the reaction of o-phenylene diamine and carbon disulfide in a gas–liquid (KOH solution/organic solvent) two-phase medium to produce potassium salt of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (C6H4(N)(NH)CS−K+, ArS−K+). Gas-phase carbon disulfide of higher temperat...

Registered fumigants tend to provide poor or inconsistent Cyperus rotundus L. and broadleaf weed control. Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) is generally considered more effective on Cyperus species than chloropicrin (Pic) or 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) whereas metam potassium is generally considered mor...

The interfacial behaviour of ortho-positioned diaryl disulfide on activated silver substrates was characterized with surface-enhanced Raman scattering and electroreduction. After the fracture of the disulfide bond, the diaryl disulfides interacted with Ag to form self-assembled monolayers. The p...

A new redox couple, composed of the reduced species potassium 5-trifluoromethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiolate 2 and the oxidized species 5,5′-bis (2-trifluoromethyl-1,3,4-thidiazole) disulfide 3, was synthesized and characterized chemically and electrochemically when dissolved in the ionic liqui...

Oxidative folding of extracellular proteins is pivotal for the biogenesis of bacterial virulence factors. Escherichia coli DsbA catalyzes disulfide bond formation in extracellular proteins and in multicomponent architectures on the cell surface. The present study assessed the significance of the...

The limited thermostability of Yarrowia lipolytica lipase 2 (Lip2) hampers its industrial application. To improve its thermostability, we combined single disulfide bonds which our group identified previously. In this study, combining different regional disulfide bonds had greater effect than com...

Nanofiltration of tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide (TAAH) was investigated with a membrane coated with SAPO-5, a silicoaluminophosphate with a 12-member ring channel. The SAPO-5-coated membrane was prepared on an α-alumina support by a secondary growth method. Rejection of TAAH by the SAPO-5-coate...

This study describes the specific microbe immobilization cell (SMIC) as an innovative technology for reuse of low-strength electronics wastewater. Pilot tests were performed to evaluate feasibility of this technology for removing slowly biodegradable organics including tetramethyl ammonium hydro...

A series of long-chain quaternary ammonium hydroxides were synthesized from tertiary amines and confirmed by 1H NMR and FTIR. Surface properties and pH of these surfactants were investigated. The critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of the synthesized quaternary ammonium hydroxides are lower th...

As one of the most important analytical techniques for accurate quantification of bisphenol compounds, liquid chromatography coupled to online electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry exhibits relative weak ESI response in negative mode, which greatly reduces their sensitivity and ...

The calcium carbonate crystallization from aqueous solutions in the presence of alkali additives such as sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide has been researched. It is found CaCO3 crystallizes predominantly in the modification of aragonite in the presence of ammonium hydroxide. The calcium c...

Bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) has already been described for the preparation of quaternary ammonium hydroxide. However, compared to quaternary ammonium hydroxide, di-quaternary ammonium hydroxide has raised great interest due to its high thermal stability and good oriented performance....