We describe the differences of hydrolase-type enzymes pig liver esterase (PLE), horse liver esterase (HLE), and porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) on the hydrolysis of methyl (±)-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate to afford both enantiomers with 89% to >99% ee. The resultant enantiomerically pure (S)-(−)...

In in vivo experiments in mice it was studied, on the one hand, whether 1 year after treatment with dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC)-containing herbicide it was possible to detect any increase in chromosome aberrations in the bone marrow cells of the mouse, and on the other hand, to learn the frequency o...

In order to evaluate the substance-specificity of ultrastructural criteria in isolated fish hepatocytes as endpoints in toxicological studies, liver cells isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by collagenase perfusion were exposed in vitro to sublethal concentrations of dinitro-o-cre...

SummaryIn plants, programmed cell death is thought to be activated during differentiation and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Although its mechanisms are far less clear, several morphological and biochemical features have been described in different experimental systems, including DN...

The effect of the herbicide 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC), a structural analogue of the classical protonophore 2,4-dinitrophenol, on the bioenergetics and inner membrane permeability of isolated rat liver mitochondria was studied. We observed that DNOC (10–50 μM) acts as a classical uncoupler of...

The present review paper summarizes the data available in the literature concerning dinitrophenolic compounds and evaluates male reproductive toxicity in experimental animals. Gavage and feeding doses of 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb; CAS No. 88-85-7) manifested testicular toxicity, and...

In order to elucidate the pathogenesis of tailless sperm, 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC) was administered to Jcl:SD male rats at daily oral doses of 0, 10 or 15 mg/kg for 5 days. Sperm were collected from the caput, corpus, and cauda epididymides on days 1, 7 and 14 after the last dosing (D1, D7 an...

Anodic oxidation of 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC) has been studied in a cell of 100 ml with a boron-doped diamond anode and a graphite cathode, both of 3-cm2 area. Solutions containing up to approximately 240 mg l−1 of compound in the pH range 2.0–12.0 have been treated at 100, 300 and 450 mA bet...

The effects of dinoseb (DNBP), a known testicular toxicant in the rat, on germ cells were investigated in Sertoli-germ cell co-cultures. Two DNBP-related dinitrophenolic compounds, 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), were also examined, as testicular toxicity of these compou...

The successful removal of 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC) is reported using nano-magnetite (Fe3O4) as the iron source and cathodic Fenton generation of hydrogen peroxide. Operating conditions were optimized by varying the electrolyte concentration, electric current, and O2 flow. The effects of diffe...

Although the use of once widely applied selective herbicide, 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC), was cancelled by US-EPA in 1987, it is still found in soil and water due to its slow degradation in the environment. Since solid phase extraction-spectrophotometry combinations are much simpler and cheaper ...

The anionic surfactant sodium lauryl ether sulphate (SLES) is the main component of most commercial products used for soil conditioning in the excavation industry, in particular as lubricants for mechanized tunnelling. Its use during the excavation processes can result in either the subsequent p...

Compared to exaggerated hand washing procedures, an open non-exaggerated assay better approximates consumer surfactant use. Our goal was to observe skin surface modifications induced by an open test with regard to discriminating between surfactant solutions. This human in vivo assay provided inf...

A direct and effective method utilizing reversed-phase liquid chromatography combined with evaporative light scattering detection was developed to determine the relative ratio of different alkyl chain lengths, to quantify the average ethylene oxide (EO) level and to identify EO distribution in t...

The interaction of d-glucono-1,5-lactone with monovalent ions has been studied in aqueous solution at neutral pH. The d-gluconate salts of Li+, Na+, K+, NH+4, Rb+, and Cs+ were studied by 13C NMR, FTIR, and by X-ray powder diffraction. The spectroscopic evidence suggests that in aqueous solution...

2-Oxo-3R,4S,5S,6S-tetraethoxyazepane was conveniently synthesized from d-glucono-1, 5-lactone with a yield of 10% overall. The key step of synthetic route-reductive 1,6-cyclization was completed efficiently by using Ph3P to give the expected lactam.

Treatment of d-glucono-1,5-lactone (3) with excess of acetic anhydride in anhydrous pyridine at room temperature afforded the tetra-acetate and 2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-d-erythro-hex-2-enono-1,5-lactone (1). On prolonged reaction or at 80°, 3-acetoxy-6-acetoxymethylpyran-2-one (5) was the une...

Nojirimycin and d-glucono-1,5-lactone are powerful inhibitors of glucosidases, but poor inhibitors of exo-glucanases, endo-glucanases, and related enzymes. Nojirimycin can be used to differentiate between α-glucosidase and exo-α-d-glucanase, and between β-glucosidase and exo-β-d-glucanase. T...

Enantiospecific syntheses of methyl 2,3,4-trideoxy-α-d- and -β-d-glycero-hexopyranoside (10 and 11) methyl α-d- and β-d-amicetopyranoside (24 and 25), (2S)-1,2-hexanediol (36), (2S)-1,2,6-hexanetriol (37), and some derivatives thereof from d-glucono-1,5-lactone are described.

The conformations of d-glucono-1,5-lactone (1) and d-mannono-1,5-lactone (2) in solution were investigated by 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. Conformational equilibria for 1 and 2 were found to lie strongly in favor of the 4H3(d),gg and B2,5(d),gg conformations, respectively.