A novel measuring method (electroimmunoassay) of 17β-estradiol (E2) in urine or blood was proposed on the basis of a competition between E2 and a labeled E2 against an immobilizing antibody. To evaluate the principle, 3-{4-[17β-hydroxy-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-3-yloxy]butyldisulfanyl}-N-(6,7,9,10,...

A new carbon paste electrode was developed using the carboxyl-functionalized MWCNTs-CuO nanocomposites that were covalently attached to 4′‑aminobenzo‑18‑crown‑6‑ether for the potentiometric determination of saxagliptin hydrochloride. As far as we are concerned, this is the first time that this ...

Based on the electrostatic attraction Keggin-type polyoxometalate H4SiW12O40 (SiW12) and small molecule 4-aminobenzo-15-crown-5 ether (4-AB15C5) were alternately deposited on poly (allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)-derived indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate through a layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assemb...

The synthesis of the fully functionalized M(2–4) macrocyclic orienticin C subunit 5 is described utilizing a intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction.

2-(2-Phenylethyl)chromones are the main compounds responsible for the quality of agarwood, which is widely used in traditional medicines, incenses and perfumes. H2O2 and NADPH oxidases (also known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs, Rbohs) mediate diverse physiological and biochemical process...

Microculture tetrazolium assays are being widely exploited to investigate the mechanisms of both cell activation and cell damage. They are colorimetric assays which are based upon the bioreduction of a tetrazolium salt to an intensely coloured formazan. We contrast the responses obtainable with ...

The susceptibility or resistance of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were determined by a method incorporating the 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulphophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and compared with results obtained by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory St...

The research focuses on a few key points concerning the light-driven processes taking place on TiO2 anatase and sodium titanates with tubular morphology, such as the relationship between the morphology and activity for H2 and CO2 production, density of surface hydroxyl groups, ROS (OH and O2−) p...

Salinity stress is one of the major constraints for growth and survival of plants that affects rice productivity worldwide. Hence, in the present study, roots of two contrasting salinity sensitive cultivars, IR64 (IR64, salt sensitive) and Luna Suvarna (LS, salt tolerant) were compared with rega...

The aim of this study was to screen and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of indigenous Jordanian plant extracts, dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide, using the rapid XTT assay and viable count methods. XTT rapid assay was used for the initial screening of antimicrobial activity for the plant extra...

A colorimetric method for measuring the viability of Leishmania promastigotes is described that is based on the reduction of the tetrazolium salt, XTT, to a water-soluble formazan. Values obtained by the XTT method correlated well with parasite number (r=0.965) and with methods that rely upon th...

The tetrazolium salt 3′-{1-[(phenylamino)-carbonyl]-3,4-tetrazolium}-bis (4-methoxy-6-nitro) benzenesulfonic acid hydrate (XTT) was used as a tool for estimating the activity of the electron transport system (ETS) in activated sludge cultivated under steady-state and transient regimes in chemos...

A new tetrazolium salt XTT, sodium 3′-[1-[(phenylamino)-carbony]-3,4-tetrazolium]-bis(4-methoxy-6-nitro)benzene-sulfonic acid hydrate, was evaluated for use in a colorimetric assay for cell viability and proliferation by normal activated T cells and several cytokine dependent cell lines. Cleava...

Marine biofouling, which leads to significant operational stress and economic damage on marine infrastructures, is a major problem in marine related industries. Currently, the most common way to avoid marine biofouling involves the use of biocidal products in surface coatings. However, the need ...

The title disaccharides were synthesized by condensation of 2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl bromide with suitably protected, deoxygenated derivatives of methyl α-d-galactopyranoside. Deoxygenation was achieved via activation of a protected methyl α-d-gluco- or galacto-pyranoside with ...

The synthesis of the title tetrasaccharide glycoside 38 is reported. p-Nitrophenyl endo-3,4-O-benzylidene-6-deoxy-α-l-talopyranoside (4, 3-O-acetyl-2,4-di-O-benzyl-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (7), methyl 3-O-acetyl-4-O-benzyl-2-O-methyl-1-thio-β-l-fucopyranoside (15) 3-O-acetyl-4...

The combination of sugars present in Mycobacterium xenopi glycopeptido-lipid (GPL X-1) has been characterised as O-(2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-(1-3)-O-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-(1-3) -O-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-(1-3)-6-deoxy-L-glucose. Two synthetic routes (A and B) towards the outer tr...

Two new phenoxyundecyl diphosphate sugars were synthesized for the first time: P1-(11-phenoxyundecyl)-P2- (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-α-D-rhamnopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl) diphosphate and P1-(11-phenoxyundecyl)-P2-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-α-D-galactopyranosyl) diphosphate...

Publisher SummaryThis chapter deals with thiopyrylium, selenopyrylium, and telluropyrylium salts. These compounds are considered the parent structures of an important class of six-membered heteroaromatic cations. It is observed that the reactivity of thiopyrylium salts resembles that of pyrylium...

The reaction of 5,6-difluorobenzofuroxane 1 with ethyl acetoacetate in the presence of triethylamine results in the formation of 2-methyl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-6,7-difluoroquinoxaline 1,4-dioxide 2 which was converted consequently into the bromomethyl 3 and acetoxymethyl 4 derivatives; hydrolysis of ...