Pyridine

Community Right-To-Know List. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory. EPA Genetic Toxicology Program.
 

OSHA PEL: TWA 5 ppm
ACGIH TLV: TWA 5 ppm; (Proposed: TWA 1 ppm, Confirmed Animal Carcinogen.)
DFG MAK: 5 ppm (16 mg/m³)
DOT Classification:  3; Label: Flammable Liquid, Poison

The Pyridine is an organic compound with the formula C₅H₅N. The IUPAC name of this chemical is pyridine. With the CAS registry number 110-86-1, it is also named as Azabenzene. The product's categories are Pyridine; Organohalides; Boronic ester; Organoborons; Halogenated; Fluorinated; Building Blocks; Boronic Acid; Carboxy; Alkoxy; Organosilane; Organostannes; Tributylstanny; Chemistry; Alphabetic; P; PU - PZ; Chromasolv PlusChromasolv Solvents (HPLC, LC-MS); Chromasolv(R) Plus; LC-MS Plus and Gradient; Amber Glass Bottles; ReagentPlus(R) Solvent Grade Products; ReagentPlus(R)Solvents; ACS Grade Solvents; ACS GradeSemi-Bulk Solvents; ACS GradeSolvents; Carbon Steel Cans with NPT Threads; Returnable Container Solvents; Biotech SolventsSolvents; Solvent Bottles; Solvents; Sure/Seal Bottles; P-S; Alpha Sort; Volatiles/ Semivolatiles; Aluminum Bottles; O-P, Puriss p.a. ACS; Puriss p.a. ACS; Analytical Reagents for General Use; O-P, Puriss p.a.; Puriss p.a.; Alphabetical Listings; Flavors and Fragrances; O-P; Spectrophotometric Grade Solvents; Spectrophotometric GradeSolvents; PVC Coated Bottles; ReagentPlus(R) Solvent Grade ProductsSolvents; Anhydrous Grade SolventsSolvents; AnhydrousSolvents. Besides, it is colorless to light yellow liquid, which should be stored in a cool and well-ventilated place.

Physical properties about Pyridine are: (1)ACD/LogP: 0.84; (2)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 0.65; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 0.833; (4)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1.657; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 2.524; (6)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 44.252; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 67.393; (8)#H bond acceptors: 1; (9)Polar Surface Area: 12.89 Å²; (10)Index of Refraction: 1.501; (11)Molar Refractivity: 24.344 cm³; (12)Molar Volume: 82.657 cm³; (13)Polarizability: 9.651×10^-24cm³; (14)Surface Tension: 35.263 dyne/cm; (15)Density: 0.957 g/cm³; (16)Flash Point: 20 °C; (17)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 35.09 kJ/mol; (18)Boiling Point: 115.259 °C at 760 mmHg; (19)Vapour Pressure: 22.779 mmHg at 25°C.

Preparation: the Chichibabin pyridine synthesis was reported in 1924 and is still in use industrially. In its general form, the reaction can be described as a condensation reaction of aldehydes, ketones, α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds, or any combination of the above, in ammonia or ammonia derivatives. First, acrolein is formed in a Knoevenagel condensation from the acetaldehyde and formaldehyde. It is then condensed with acetaldehyde and ammonia into dihydropyridine, and then oxidized with a solid-state catalyst to pyridine. This process is carried out in a gas phase at 400–450 °C. The product consists of a mixture of pyridine, simple methylated pyridines (picoline) and lutidine; its composition depends on the catalyst used and can be adapted to the needs of the manufacturer. The catalyst is usually a transition metal salt such as cadmium(II) fluoride or manganese(II) fluoride, but cobalt and thallium compounds can also be used. The recovered pyridine is separated from by-products in a multistage process.

Uses of Pyridine: it is an important raw material in of the chemical industry. Pyridine is used as polar, basic, low-reactive solvent, for example in Knoevenagel condensations. It is especially suitable for the dehalogenation, where it acts as the base of the elimination reaction and bonds the resulting hydrogen halide to form a pyridinium salt. In esterifications and acylations pyridine activates the carboxylic acid halides or anhydrides. Even more active in these reactions are the pyridine derivatives 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and 4-(1-pyrrolidinyl) pyridine. Pyridine is also used as a base in condensation reactions.

When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following:
It is highly flammable and harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. Please keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of ... (to be specified by the manufacturer). In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. Besides, this chemical is danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. When you are using it, wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection, do not breathe dust and avoid contact with skin and eyes. In case of insufficient ventilation wear suitable respiratory equipment. In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible).

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)SMILES: c1ccncc1
(2)InChI: InChI=1/C5H5N/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-5H
(3)InChIKey: JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYAY
(4)Std. InChI: InChI=1S/C5H5N/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-5H
(5)Std. InChIKey: JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N

The toxicity data is as follows: