Product Name

  • Name

    Melamine

  • EINECS 203-615-4
  • CAS No. 108-78-1
  • Article Data230
  • CAS DataBase
  • Density 1.661 g/cm3
  • Solubility 3 g/L (20 °C) in water
  • Melting Point 354 °C
  • Formula C3H6N6
  • Boiling Point 557.541 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Molecular Weight 126.121
  • Flash Point 325.302 °C
  • Transport Information 3263
  • Appearance white solid
  • Safety 36/37
  • Risk Codes 43-44-20/21
  • Molecular Structure Molecular Structure of 108-78-1 (Melamine)
  • Hazard Symbols IrritantXi,HarmfulXn
  • Synonyms 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine;2,4,6-Triamino-s-triazine;Cyanurotriamide;Cyanurotriamine;Cyanuramide;s-Triazine, 2,4,6-triamino-;s-Triazinetriamine;2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-triazine;
  • PSA 116.73000
  • LogP 0.36180

Synthetic route

urea
57-13-6

urea

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: urea at 140 - 160℃; under 6000.48 Torr;
Stage #2: With ammonia; γ-Al2O3 under 750.06 - 1500.12 Torr;		98%
In water Product distribution / selectivity;88.5%
With ammonia High Pressure; 70 to 300 at; at 350°C; 120 min;12.6%
sodium cyanamide
19981-17-0, 20611-81-8, 123092-13-7, 17292-62-5

sodium cyanamide

A

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

B

CH2N2*2CN2(2-)*4Na(1+)

CH2N2*2CN2(2-)*4Na(1+)

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) at 201.9℃; under 0.0008 Torr; for 18h;A n/a
B 98%
dicyandiamide
127099-85-8, 780722-26-1

dicyandiamide

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
High Pressure; heating of equiv. amts. of dicyanodiamide and liquid NH3 in autoclave at 160°C at a pressure of 200 at;98%
In further solvent(s) heating in isobutanol;
High Pressure; using Sn-Mg alloy for absorption of heat of reactn.;<59
1,3,5-tribenzyl-2,4,6-triimino-1,3,5-triazine
87719-08-2

1,3,5-tribenzyl-2,4,6-triimino-1,3,5-triazine

hydrogen
1333-74-0

hydrogen

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With trimethyleneglycol In ethanol redn.;94%
CYANAMID
420-04-2

CYANAMID

N-Cyanoguanidine
127099-85-8, 780722-26-1

N-Cyanoguanidine

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium hydroxide In water; dimethyl sulfoxide93%
dicyandiamide
127099-85-8, 780722-26-1

dicyandiamide

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ammonia High Pressure; at degree of charge of autoclave = 100%; yield depends on degree of charge of autoclave as follows: 44, 52, 77, 88.5 and 92% at degree of charge of 8, 17, 33, 67 and 100% respectively;92%
In further solvent(s) heating in benzylamine;71%
normal and higher pressure, above melting point;
5-aminotetrazole
4418-61-5

5-aminotetrazole

N-Cyanoguanidine
127099-85-8, 780722-26-1

N-Cyanoguanidine

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride In water at 100℃; for 24h; Time; Temperature;53%
ammonium thiocyanate

ammonium thiocyanate

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
High Pressure; at 300°C; at a pressure of 40 at; 260 min;36.7%
2-amino-4,6-diureido-1,3,5-triazine
90802-01-0

2-amino-4,6-diureido-1,3,5-triazine

A

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

B

ammeline
645-92-1

ammeline

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With alkaline hydrolysisA 33%
B 9%
urea
57-13-6

urea

A

ammonium carbonate

ammonium carbonate

B

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
thermal decompn. in closed ampul; at 400°C; 180 min;A 25%
B 18%
carbon disulfide
75-15-0

carbon disulfide

ammonia
7664-41-7

ammonia

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
High Pressure; at molar ratio of NH3:CS2 = 2:1; at 300°C; pressure = 40-90 at; 150 min;10.5%
urea
57-13-6

urea

A

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

B

ammeline
645-92-1

ammeline

Conditions
ConditionsYield
thermal decompn. in closed ampul; at 200°C; 180 min;A 4%
B 4%
thermal decompn. in closed ampul; at 200°C; 60 min;A 3%
B 3%
hydrogen cyanide
74-90-8

hydrogen cyanide

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With chromium(III) oxide; ammonia at 450 - 750℃; oder anderen Katalysatoren;
With chromium(III) oxide; ammonia at 350 - 400℃; under 35 Torr; oder anderen Katalysatoren;
With ammonia; Cu-V-Ag-Pr-Co-Li/SiO2 at 380 - 400℃; under 760.051 - 37503.8 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity;0.18%
1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-triazine
108-77-0

1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-triazine

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ammonia at 100℃;
With ammonia at 450℃;
With ammonia 100-250°C, under pressure, in excess of NH3;
With ammonia 100-250°C, under pressure, in excess of NH3;
cyanuric bromide
14921-00-7

cyanuric bromide

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ammonia beim Erwaermen unter Druck;
With ammonia 100-250°C, under pressure, excess waterfree NH3;
With ammonia beim Erwaermen unter Druck;
With ammonia 100-250°C, under pressure, excess waterfree NH3;
2,4,6-tris(methylthio)-1,3,5-triazine
5759-58-0

2,4,6-tris(methylthio)-1,3,5-triazine

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ammonia at 180℃;
BIURET
108-19-0

BIURET

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ammonia at 300℃;
Melam
3576-88-3

Melam

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ammonia; water at 150℃;
CYANAMID
420-04-2

CYANAMID

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
bei 150grad geht in Dicyandiamid ueber, das bei hoeherem Erhitzen in Melamin und Ammoniak zerfaellt;
With acids
heating over 110°C;
2,4,6-triethoxy-[1,3,5]triazine
884-43-5

2,4,6-triethoxy-[1,3,5]triazine

A

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

B

ammeline
645-92-1

ammeline

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ammonia at 170 - 180℃;
ammonium thiocyanate
1147550-11-5

ammonium thiocyanate

A

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

B

Melam
3576-88-3

Melam

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 250℃; rhodanwasserstoffsaeures Melamin entsteht;
diguanidine carbonate
593-85-1

diguanidine carbonate

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With water; phenol at 100℃; zuletzt Erhitzen auf 160grad;
With ammonia at 160℃;
at 180 - 190℃;
With ammonia In water byproducts: CO2; heating at 160°C in closed tube;
With NH3 In water byproducts: CO2; heating at 160°C in closed tube;
ethanolamine
141-43-5

ethanolamine

N-Cyanoguanidine
127099-85-8, 780722-26-1

N-Cyanoguanidine

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 140 - 175℃;
ethanol
64-17-5

ethanol

Diethylcyanamide
617-83-4

Diethylcyanamide

guanidine hydrobromide
19244-98-5

guanidine hydrobromide

guanidine nitrate
113-00-8

guanidine nitrate

A

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

B

N,N-diethylimidodicarbonimidic diamide
44976-13-8

N,N-diethylimidodicarbonimidic diamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 100℃;
...Expand
CYANAMID
420-04-2

CYANAMID

guanidine nitrate
113-00-8

guanidine nitrate

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
unter Druck;
guanidine nitrate
113-00-8

guanidine nitrate

N-Cyanoguanidine
127099-85-8, 780722-26-1

N-Cyanoguanidine

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride at 180 - 250℃;
unter Druck;
guanidine nitrate
113-00-8

guanidine nitrate

urea
57-13-6

urea

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 400 - 450℃; under 152000 Torr;
guanidine nitrate
113-00-8

guanidine nitrate

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride at 180 - 250℃;
byproducts: NH3; heating at 160°C;
CYANAMID
420-04-2

CYANAMID

BIGUANIDE
56-03-1

BIGUANIDE

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
unter Druck;
2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde
123-08-0

4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde

4,4',4''-[1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyltris(nitrilomethylidene)]tris[phenol]

4,4',4''-[1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyltris(nitrilomethylidene)]tris[phenol]

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In benzene for 5h; Reflux;100%
With acetic acid In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 6h; Reflux;73%
In benzene Reflux;72%
In neat (no solvent) Heating;
In benzene
2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

melam
3576-88-3

melam

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid at 290℃; for 2h; Product distribution / selectivity;100%
at 339.84 - 359.84℃; for 48h; Pyrolysis;
at 335℃;
Stage #1: 2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine With ammonium chloride at 449.84℃; for 12h; Sealed tube;
Stage #2: With ammonium hydroxide at 199.84℃; for 12h;
2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

tribromomelamine
22755-34-6

tribromomelamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide; bromine In water at 20℃; for 2.16667h;100%
With bromine; sodium hydroxide In water at 20℃;
With bromine; sodium hydroxide In water
2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

dimelamine zinc biphosphate

dimelamine zinc biphosphate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With phosphoric acid; zinc(II) oxide In water at 70 - 80℃; Temperature; Large scale;100%
aluminum dihydrogen phosphate

aluminum dihydrogen phosphate

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

trismelaminium trishydrogenphosphatoaluminate

trismelaminium trishydrogenphosphatoaluminate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In water100%
p-chlorodibenzo[c.e][1,2]oxaphosphorine
22749-43-5

p-chlorodibenzo[c.e][1,2]oxaphosphorine

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

2,4,6-tris(9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-ylamino)-1,3,5-triazine

2,4,6-tris(9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-ylamino)-1,3,5-triazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 1-methyl-1H-imidazole at 100℃; for 16h; Inert atmosphere;100%
2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

copper(ll) bromide
7789-45-9

copper(ll) bromide

[Cu(II)Br2(melamine)2]*0.5H2O

[Cu(II)Br2(melamine)2]*0.5H2O

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In acetonitrile Cu compd. dissolved in Ar-degassed MeCN, melamine added, suspn. sealed in glass tube, heated with stirring to 100°C for 14 h; filtered, washed with MeCN and Et2O, dried in vac.; elem. anal.;99.6%
2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

cyanuric acid melamine
37640-57-6

cyanuric acid melamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: isocyanuric acid for 0.166667h;
Stage #2: 2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine With K-SMA In water at 95 - 120℃; for 5h; Product distribution / selectivity; Heating / reflux;		99.5%
Stage #1: isocyanuric acid In water at 20℃; for 0.166667 - 30h;
Stage #2: 2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine In water at 100℃; for 4h; Product distribution / selectivity;
2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

4-amino-1-hydroxybutylidenebisphosphonic acid
66376-36-1

4-amino-1-hydroxybutylidenebisphosphonic acid

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With water pH=Ca. 6 - 8; Heating;99%
ferrocenecarboxaldehyde
12093-10-6

ferrocenecarboxaldehyde

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

C65H67Fe5N19

C65H67Fe5N19

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In dimethyl sulfoxide at 180℃; for 40h; Inert atmosphere;99%
2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

diphenyl hydrogen phosphate
838-85-7

diphenyl hydrogen phosphate

C12H11O4P*C3H6N6

C12H11O4P*C3H6N6

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In water at 85℃; for 4h; Temperature; Solvent;99%
2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

phenyl-phosphonic acid monophenyl ester
2310-87-4

phenyl-phosphonic acid monophenyl ester

C12H11O3P*C3H6N6

C12H11O3P*C3H6N6

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In ethanol; water at 75℃; for 2h; Solvent; Temperature;99%
2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

phosphoric acid dibenzyl ester
1623-08-1

phosphoric acid dibenzyl ester

C14H15O4P*C3H6N6

C14H15O4P*C3H6N6

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In water at 72℃; for 5h;99%
2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

diphenyl-phosphinic acid
1707-03-5

diphenyl-phosphinic acid

C3H6N6*C12H11O2P

C3H6N6*C12H11O2P

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In ethanol at 75℃; for 5h; Temperature; Solvent;99%
2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
108-78-1

2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine

nitrogen
7727-37-9

nitrogen

boric acid
11113-50-1

boric acid

boron nitride
10043-11-5

boron nitride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) byproducts: NH3, H2O, NO2; mixt. of powders C3N6H6:H3BO3 of molar ratio 1:2.25 (loaded on graphite boats) treated in intermediate-frequency furnace (300-1000 Hz) at temp. of 1800-1950°C under N2 flow rate of 5-8 l/min; detd. by XRD, SEM;98.54%
...Expand

Melamine Specification

Melamine has the IUPAC name of 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine. Melamine is white solid with the formula C3H6N6. Melamine is soluble in water, glycol, glycerin and pyridine; slightly soluble in ethanol; insoluble in diethyl ether, benzene and carbon tetrachloride. In addition, Melamine is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids. Melamine will sublime when gently heated. It has the CAS register number of 108-78-1 and EINECS register number of 203-615-4. What's more, you should protect Melamine from moisture, heat, ignition sources, and incompatible substances. On the other hand, Melamine should be protected from direct light.

Preparation: You can use urea to produce Melamine as the following reaction which is very common in most industrial manufacturers. This reaction can be carried out by either of two methods: catalyzed gas-phase production or high pressure liquid-phase production. Currently, China is the world's largest exporter of melamine, while its domestic consumption still grows by 10% per year.

6 (NH2)2CO → C3H6N6 + 6 NH3 + 3 CO2

Melamine can also be prepared by dicyandiamide and ammonia in solvent of methanol at temperature of 200 °C. Per ton of product will consume 1180Kg dicyandiamide (98% ), 30 Kg liquid ammonia in this method.

H4C2N4 + NH3 [CH3OH] → C3H6N6

Uses: Both the Melamine and formaldehyde can be used to produce melamine resin which is a very durable thermosetting plastic used in Formica, and Melamine foam, a polymeric cleaning product. As superplasticizer, Melamine can also enter the fabrication of Melamine poly-sulfonate for making high-resistance concrete. As fertilizer, Melamine had been envisaged for crops because of its high nitrogen content. However, Melamine is much more expensive to produce than other common nitrogen fertilizers, such as urea. Melamine and its salts are used as fire-retardant additives in paints, plastics and paper. Melamine is sometimes illegally added to food products in order to increase the apparent protein content.

Regulation: The United Nations' food standards body, Codex Alimentarius Commission, has set the maximum amount of Melamine allowed in powdered infant formula to 1 mg/kg and the amount of Melamine allowed in other foods and animal feed to 2.5 mg/kg. While not legally binding, the levels allow countries to ban importation of products with excessive levels of melamine.

When using the Melamine, you should be very cautious because it is irritant and harmful. Melamine is harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin. Melamine may cause sensitisation by skin contact. There will be a risk of explosion if heated Melamine under confinement. Whenever you will use Melamine, you should wear suitable protective clothing and gloves.

Descriptors computed from structure of Melamine:
(1)Canonical SMILES: C1(=NC(=NC(=N1)N)N)N
(2)InChI: InChI=1S/C3H6N6/c4-1-7-2(5)9-3(6)8-1/h(H6,4,5,6,7,8,9)
(3)InChIKey: JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Toxicity of Melamine:

Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
mouse LD50 oral 3296mg/kg (3296mg/kg)   Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 72, Pg. 292, 1984.
mouse LD50 unreported 1gm/kg (1000mg/kg)   Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 58(2), Pg. 14, 1993.
mouse LDLo intraperitoneal 800mg/kg (800mg/kg) SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: LACRIMATION: EYE

BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS		 "Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology," 3rd rev. ed., Clayton, G.D., and F.E. Clayton, eds., New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1978-82. Vol. 3 originally pub. in 1979; pub. as 2n rev. ed. in 1985.Vol. 2A, Pg. 2769, 1981.
rabbit LD50 skin > 1gm/kg (1000mg/kg)   Acute Toxicity Data. Journal of the American College of Toxicology, Part B. Vol. 1, Pg. 110, 1990.
rat LC50 inhalation 3248mg/m3 (3248mg/m3)   Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 58(2), Pg. 14, 1993.
rat LD50 oral 3161mg/kg (3161mg/kg)   Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 72, Pg. 292, 1984.
rat LD50 unreported 6gm/kg (6000mg/kg)   Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 58(2), Pg. 14, 1993.
rat LDLo intraperitoneal 3200mg/kg (3200mg/kg) SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: LACRIMATION: EYE

BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS		 "Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology," 3rd rev. ed., Clayton, G.D., and F.E. Clayton, eds., New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1978-82. Vol. 3 originally pub. in 1979; pub. as 2n rev. ed. in 1985.Vol. 2A, Pg. 2769, 1981.

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