Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium phosphate buffer at 30℃; for 16h; Rhodococcus sp. AJ270 cells; | 98% |
With bradyrhizobium species BTAi1 (A5EKU8); water Reagent/catalyst; Enzymatic reaction; |
4-Fluorophenol
1,1,1-trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol
A
poly(methacrylic acid)
B
2-(4-fluorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium hydroxide In acetone for 16h; Ambient temperature; | A n/a B 88% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 2-bromoprop-1-ene With magnesium In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: carbon dioxide In tetrahydrofuran at -70 - 20℃; under 750.075 Torr; Stage #3: With hydrogenchloride; ammonium chloride Product distribution / selectivity; more than 3 stages; | 87% |
Stage #1: 2-bromoprop-1-ene; carbon dioxide With sodium hydroxide; tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); cetyltrimethylammonim bromide In water; toluene at 95℃; under 750.075 Torr; for 2h; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In water pH=< 7; Product distribution / selectivity; | 60% |
2-(1-benzyl-4-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-2-methyl-propionic acid
A
poly(methacrylic acid)
B
1-benzyl-4-methyl-1,2-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 150℃; for 5h; | A n/a B 85.1% |
2-(1-benzyl-4-chloro-1H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-2-methyl-propionic acid
A
poly(methacrylic acid)
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Heating; | A n/a B 83.8% |
1,3,5-Trioxan
propionic acid
A
propene
B
poly(methacrylic acid)
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
V-Si-P ternary oxide at 300℃; Product distribution; other temperatures; other contact times; other concentrations of the educts; or with water vapor; | A n/a B 82% |
V-Si-P ternary oxide at 300℃; | A n/a B 82% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
sodium hydroxide In water at 300℃; under 262201 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity; | 80.8% |
2-(1-Benzyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-2-methyl-propionic acid
A
poly(methacrylic acid)
B
1-benzyl-3-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Heating; | A n/a B 80.2% |
tert-butyl alcohol
A
2-methylpropenal
B
poly(methacrylic acid)
C
isobutene
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With oxygen; silica-alumina In water at 355℃; Product distribution / selectivity; | A 78.4% B 1.9% C 1.1% |
With oxygen; silica-alumina In water at 355℃; Product distribution / selectivity; | A 78.1% B 2.2% C 1% |
With oxygen; 5% Pd/zirconia In water at 130℃; under 36003.6 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity; autoclave; | |
With oxygen; palladium on silica gel In water at 130℃; under 36003.6 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity; autoclave; |
chloroform
acetone
1-benzyl-4-methyl-1,2-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one
A
poly(methacrylic acid)
B
2-methyllactic acid
C
2-chloro-2-methylpropanoic acid
D
2-(1-benzyl-4-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yloxy)-2-methyl-propionic acid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium hydroxide at 49 - 54℃; Further byproducts given; | A 0.07 mol B 0.15 mol C n/a D 77.2% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With oxygen In water at 280 - 355℃; for 1h; Product distribution / selectivity; | 77% |
With potassium phosphate; oxygen; 4-methoxy-phenol; palladium 10% on activated carbon In water; acetic acid at 90℃; under 18751.9 - 26252.6 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity; | 76.9% |
With phosphoric acid; oxygen; 4-methoxy-phenol; palladium 10% on activated carbon In water; acetic acid at 90℃; under 18751.9 - 26252.6 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity; | 74.1% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
74.1% | |
74.1% |
methanol
1,1,1-trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol
A
poly(methacrylic acid)
B
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 200℃; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Inert atmosphere; Gas phase; | A 6.7% B 72.3% |
methacryloyl anhydride
phenylboronic acid
A
poly(methacrylic acid)
B
2-methyl-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With P(p-CH3OC6H4)3; palladium diacetate In tetrahydrofuran; water at 60℃; for 16h; | A n/a B 71% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With water In chloroform at 200℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere; Gas phase; | 70.1% |
With zinc phosphate; water at 330℃; | |
With cuprous phosphate; water at 330℃; | |
With tin(IV) phosphate; water at 330℃; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
α-hydroxyisobutyric acid potassium salt In acetone at 225℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 4.16667h; | 70% |
2-bromo-2-methylpropionic acid
sodium ethanolate
A
poly(methacrylic acid)
B
2-ethoxy-2-methyl-propanoic acid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethanol | A 20% B 70% |
isobutene
A
2-methylpropenal
B
poly(methacrylic acid)
C
acetic acid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With air; water; CoMoTeO at 425℃; | A 68.2% B 9% C 1% |
With air; V-Mo-Te-O at 405℃; | A 59% B 6% C 3% |
With air; water; CoMoTeO at 375℃; Product distribution; Thermodynamic data; direct catalytic oxidation; varying: temperatures: 300 to 450 deg C; reactant composition; | A 27.5% B 39.5% C 4% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With water; oxygen; phosphovanadomolybdic acid at 320℃; for 0.0001h; Product distribution; other catalysts with the general formula H4PMo(11-x)WxVO40 and various stoichiometric ratios of W : Mo; also with 25percent silica-supported catalysts; | A 13.8% B 68% C 15.8% |
With iron(II) phosphate; oxygen at 400℃; under 760 Torr; for 0.000111111h; other compounds as 1-butene, crotonaldehyde, methacrylaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyrylaldehyde, isibutyrylaldehyde, propionic acid, butyric acid; var. temp. and time; | |
With oxygen; K2HPMo12O40 at 266.85℃; for 8h; Kinetics; Further Variations:; time; |
2-methylenesuccinic acid
A
poly(methacrylic acid)
B
citraconic acid
C
Mesaconic acid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 5% Pt/Al2O3; sodium hydroxide In water at 250℃; for 1h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Inert atmosphere; | A 68% B n/a C n/a |
With sodium hydroxide In water at 180℃; under 112511 Torr; for 0.241667h; | A 27.26 %Spectr. B 36.48 %Spectr. C 16.23 %Spectr. |
With sodium hydroxide at 280℃; for 0.0583333h; | A 57.08 %Chromat. B 5.91 %Chromat. C 5.72 %Chromat. |
With sodium hydroxide at 250℃; for 0.25h; Reagent/catalyst; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With manganese; 2,9-dibutyl-4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline; tetraethylammonium iodide; lithium acetate; cobalt(II) bromide In N,N-dimethyl acetamide at 100℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; | 68% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Pt/Al2O3; sodium hydroxide at 250℃; under 30003 Torr; for 1h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; | 67.8% |
With hydrogenchloride at 26.85℃; pH=0.8; Kinetics; Further Variations:; Temperatures; pH-values; | |
With dodecacarbonyl-triangulo-triruthenium In water at 240℃; under 5171.62 Torr; for 2h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox; | |
With hydrotalcite, calcined at 400 °C at 250℃; for 0.5h; Reagent/catalyst; Concentration; Time; |
N-acetyl methacrylamide
poly(methacrylic acid)
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With acetic acid; zinc(II) chloride at 180℃; for 3h; | 60% |
2-methylenesuccinic acid
A
propene
B
poly(methacrylic acid)
C
2-methyllactic acid
D
carbon dioxide
E
2-oxo-propionic acid
F
acetone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With barium hexa-aluminate In water at 250℃; under 15001.5 Torr; for 3h; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave; Inert atmosphere; | A n/a B 50% C n/a D n/a E n/a F n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium phosphate buffer at 30℃; for 0.5h; Rhodococcus sp. AJ270 cells; | A 44.5% B 43.4% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Pt/Al2O3; sodium hydroxide at 250℃; under 30003 Torr; for 1h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; | 34.5% |
With sodium hydroxide at 250℃; for 1h; Catalytic behavior; Temperature; Reagent/catalyst; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With oxygen; silica gel; Te/Pd-containing-silica-supported catalyst In water; tert-butyl alcohol at 75℃; under 18001.8 - 36003.6 Torr; for 0.75h; Product distribution / selectivity; Autoclave; | A 34.2% B 17.5% |
poly(methacrylic acid)
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With carbon monoxide In dichloromethane for 24h; Ambient temperature; | 29% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sulfuric acid at 20℃; for 48h; | 100% |
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid for 3h; Heating; Fluorinert Fluid, Dean-Stark trap; | 91.5% |
With dmap; dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere; | 70% |
With sulfuric acid; benzene unter Entfernen des entstehenden Wassers; | |
With phosphoric acid; (p-tolueneslfonic acid, sulfosalicylic acid, resin KU-2x8); hydroquinone In toluene Heating; |
poly(methacrylic acid)
trisodium tris(3-sulfophenyl)phosphine
C22H18O11PS3(3-)*3Na(1+)
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water | 100% |
poly(methacrylic acid)
trisodium tris(3-sulfophenyl)phosphine
C22H17(2)HO11PS3(3-)*3Na(1+)
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With water-d2 | 100% |
poly(methacrylic acid)
sodium 3-(diphenylphosphanyl)benzenesulfonate
C22H20O5PS(1-)*Na(1+)
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water | 100% |
poly(methacrylic acid)
sodium 3-(diphenylphosphanyl)benzenesulfonate
C22H19(2)HO5PS(1-)*Na(1+)
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With water-d2 | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dmap; dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide In dichloromethane for 10h; Ambient temperature; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 10H-phenothiazine; toluene-4-sulfonic acid In cyclohexane at 115℃; for 20h; | 100% |
poly(methacrylic acid)
benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride
phenylmethanethiol
3-benzylthio-2-methylpropanoic acid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium hydroxide; sodium bicarbonate | 100% |
poly(methacrylic acid)
methacrylic acid methyl ester
poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid), Mn = 21000, Mw = 56500, Mw/Mn = 2.690, MMA:MAA = 91:9; monomer(s): methacrylic acid; methyl methacrylate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) In isopropyl alcohol at 82℃; for 18h; | 100% |
poly(methacrylic acid)
methacrylic acid methyl ester
poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid), Mn = 21100, Mw = 52600, Mw/Mn = 2.493, MMA:MAA = 94:6; monomer(s): methacrylic acid; methyl methacrylate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) In isopropyl alcohol at 82℃; for 18h; | 100% |
poly(methacrylic acid)
cis-RuH2(PMe3)4
[Ru{OC(O)CMe=CH2-k2O,O’}(PMe3)4]+[CH2=CMeCO2]-
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In methanol at 20℃; for 0.0833333h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; | 100% |
poly(methacrylic acid)
(S)-[1,1']-binaphthalenyl-2,2'-diol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With phosphoric acid; trifluoroacetic anhydride In water at 20℃; for 0.25h; | 100% |
poly(methacrylic acid)
1,1'-bi-2-naphthol
(±)-1,1′-binaphthyl-2-2′-diyl dimetacrylate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With phosphoric acid; trifluoroacetic anhydride In water at 20℃; for 0.25h; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 20℃; Cooling with ice; Large scale; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: poly(methacrylic acid) With sodium carbonate In water Stage #2: With palladium dichloride Stage #3: 1-bromo-4-tert-butylbenzene With 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol; sodium carbonate In water at 130 - 135℃; under 9000.9 - 12001.2 Torr; for 2h; Autoclave; Inert atmosphere; | 99.6% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With N,N-bis[2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl]phosphorodiamidic chloride; triethylamine In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 0.5h; | 99% |
With magnesium dimethacrylate; di-tert-butyl dicarbonate at 25℃; for 4h; Reagent/catalyst; | 99% |
With 10H-phenothiazine; trifluorormethanesulfonic acid; acetic anhydride at 95℃; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
tetrachlorobis(tetrahydrofuran)hafnium(IV) In benzene for 40h; Heating; | 99% |
With dmap; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 4h; | 90% |
toluene-4-sulfonic acid In benzene for 15h; Heating; | 85% |
poly(methacrylic acid)
thioacetic acid
3-(acetylthio)-2-methylpropanoic acid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran Heating; | 99% |
With hydroquinone at 90℃; for 1h; | 89.2% |
In hexane for 5h; Reflux; | 80% |
poly(methacrylic acid)
dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide
dioctyldecyldimethylammonium methacrylate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In methanol | 99% |
poly(methacrylic acid)
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With methyl 2-dimethylbismuthanyl-2-methylpropanoate; 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) In toluene at 60℃; for 20h; Product distribution / selectivity; | 99% |
With 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) In ethanol at 75℃; for 5h; | 86% |
With 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) In hexane at 69.85℃; for 2h; | |
With 2-propylbenzo[d][1,3,2]dioxaborole at 20℃; | |
Stage #1: poly(methacrylic acid) With ethyl cellulose; methyl cellulose; sodium hydroxide; polyoxyethylene(40)isooctylpheyl ether; N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide In dichloromethane; chloroform; water pH=5 - 6; Stage #2: With 2,2’-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin)propane] dihydrochloride In dichloromethane; chloroform; water at 20 - 51℃; for 21.5833h; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
iron(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate In dibutyl ether at 80℃; for 18h; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In propan-1-ol (argon); closed vessel, room temp., 1 d; | 99% |
poly(methacrylic acid)
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dimethyl 2,2'-azobis(isobutyrate) In ethanol; water at 75 - 80℃; for 8h; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dimethyl 2,2'-azobis(isobutyrate) In ethanol; water at 75 - 80℃; for 8h; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dimethyl 2,2'-azobis(isobutyrate) In ethanol; water at 75 - 80℃; for 8h; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In propan-1-ol; 2-methoxy-ethanol (Ar), methacrylic acid added dropwise at room temp. to a stirred mixt. of Ti complex in propanol and Y complex in methoxyethanol (Ti/Y=18), reacted at room temp. for 8 d; separated, dried (vac.), elem. anal.; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In propan-1-ol (argon); closed vessel, room temp., 7 d; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With C32H40N2O2PRu(1+)*F6P(1-); sodium carbonate In tetrahydrofuran at 25℃; for 4h; Inert atmosphere; optical yield given as %ee; enantioselective reaction; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolim bromide at 75℃; for 1h; | 99% |
With 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolim bromide In neat (no solvent) at 75℃; for 1h; | 2 g |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With trifluorormethanesulfonic acid In dichloromethane at 110℃; for 0.0833333h; Microwave irradiation; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; | 99% |
The IUPAC name of Methacrylic acid is 2-methylprop-2-enoic acid. With the CAS registry number 79-41-4, it is also named as 2-Methylenepropionic acid. The classification codes are Drug / Therapeutic Agent and Mutation data. It is colourless liquid or crystals with an unpleasant odour which is soluble in warm water and miscible with most organic solvents. Methacrylic acid is corrosive to metals and tissue and may polymerize exothermically if heated or contaminated. If the polymerization takes place inside a container, the container may rupture violently. It is flammable, so people should keep it away from oxidants and bases. Additioanlly, this chemical should be sealed in the container and stored in the cool, ventilate and dry place.
The other characteristics of this product can be summarized as: (1)ACD/LogP: 0.57; (2)# of Rule of 5 Violations: 0; (3)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1; (4)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1; (5)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 5.265; (6)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 1; (7)#H bond acceptors: 2; (8)#H bond donors: 1; (9)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 1; (10)Index of Refraction: 1.43; (11)Molar Refractivity: 21.713 cm3; (12)Molar Volume: 84.083 cm3; (13)Polarizability: 8.608×10-24 cm3; (14)Surface Tension: 30.92 dyne/cm; (15)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 43.796 kJ/mol; (16)Vapour Pressure: 1.232 mmHg at 25 °C; (17)Rotatable Bond Count: 1; (18)Exact Mass: 86.036779; (19)MonoIsotopic Mass: 86.036779; (20)Topological Polar Surface Area: 37.3; (21)Heavy Atom Count: 6; (22)Complexity: 83.5.
Preparation of Methacrylic acid: It can be obtained by the two-step oxidation of isobutylene. First oxidation to get methacrolein and second oxidation to get methacrylic acid. And then we can get qualified products by distillation.
CH2=C(CH3)CH3+O2→CH2=C(CH3)CHO+H2O
CH2=C(CH3)CHO+ 1/2O2→CH2=C(CH3)COOH
Uses of Methacrylic acid: It is used in the manufacture of paints, insulation materials, adhesives, and ion exchange resins. It is also used as important organic chemical raw material and polymer intermediate. Methacrylic acid is organic reagent. In addition, it can react with oxirane to get methacrylic acid-(2-hydroxy-ethyl ester). This reaction needs reagents water and triethylamine at temperature of 125 °C.
When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following:
It is harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin. And it also can cause severe burns. In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. If you want to contact this product, you must wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)
People can use the following data to convert to the molecule structure.
(1)SMILES: CC(=C)C(=O)O
(2)InChI: InChI=1/C4H6O2/c1-3(2)4(5)6/h1H2,2H3,(H,5,6)(3)InChIKey: CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYAE
The following are the toxicity data which has been tested.
Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
child | TDLo | oral | 250uL/kg (0.25mL/kg) | LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: STRUCTURAL OR FUNCTIONAL CHANGE IN TRACHEA OR BRONCHI GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): "DERMATITIS, OTHER: AFTER SYSTEMIC EXPOSURE" | Pediatrics. Vol. 102, Pg. 979, 1998. |
dog | LDLo | intravenous | 95200nL/kg (95200mL/kg) | Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Vol. 63, Pg. 376, 1974. | |
guinea pig | LD50 | skin | 1gm/kg (1000mg/kg) | "Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology," 3rd rev. ed., Clayton, G.D., and F.E. Clayton, eds., New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1978-82. Vol. 3 originally pub. in 1979; pub. as 2n rev. ed. in 1985.Vol. 2C, Pg. 4953, 1982. | |
mouse | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 48mg/kg (48mg/kg) | Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Vol. 62, Pg. 778, 1973. | |
mouse | LD50 | oral | 1250mg/kg (1250mg/kg) | Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 25(11), Pg. 57, 1981. | |
mouse | LD50 | unreported | 1250mg/kg (1250mg/kg) | Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 49(10), Pg. 64, 1984. | |
rabbit | LD50 | oral | 1200mg/kg (1200mg/kg) | Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 38(8), Pg. 13, 1973. | |
rabbit | LD50 | skin | 500mg/kg (500mg/kg) | "Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices," 5th ed., Cincinnati, OH, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Inc., 1986Vol. 5, Pg. 362, 1986. | |
rat | LD50 | oral | 1060mg/kg (1060mg/kg) | Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 41(4), Pg. 6, 1976. | |
rat | LD50 | unreported | 1600mg/kg (1600mg/kg) | Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 49(10), Pg. 64, 1984 |
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