Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 10H-phenothiazine; hydroquinone at 40℃; for 22h; Reagent/catalyst; Concentration; Inert atmosphere; | 99% |
With 1.5 % Au/alumina; oxygen at 60℃; under 9034.64 Torr; Catalytic behavior; chemoselective reaction; | 99.7% |
With oxygen at 69.84℃; under 1500.15 Torr; for 2h; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave; | 98% |
methanol
carbon monoxide
prop-1-yne
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With methanesulfonic acid; 2-(diphenylphosphino)pyridine; palladium diacetate at 45℃; | 99% |
With methanesulfonic acid; N,N-dimethyl-aniline; palladium complex with bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-methoxyphenyl) (6-methyl-2-pyridyl)phosphine at 65℃; for 7h; Product distribution / selectivity; Cooling with ethanol-dry ice; Autoclave; | 73% |
With methanesulfonic acid; 2-(diphenylphosphino)pyridine; palladium diacetate at 45℃; Mechanism; var. reagents and reaction conditions; |
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 320 - 456℃; under 50 Torr; not given; Product distribution / selectivity; | 97% |
Tributylmethoxysilane
methacryloyl anhydride
A
tributylsilyl methacrylate
B
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Amberlyst 15 at 75℃; | A 95% B n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In acetone at 200℃; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Solvent; Inert atmosphere; Gas phase; | 93.9% |
With 1.6percent In2O3-ZrO2 at 200℃; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Inert atmosphere; | 74.5% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sulfuric acid In water at 95.4℃; Temperature; Large scale; | 93.4% |
With sulfuric acid; water; boric acid Behandeln des Reaktionsprodukts mit Methanol und anschliessenden Erhitzen mit Wasser bis auf 135grad; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In methanol at 20℃; for 1h; | A n/a B 92% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In methanol | 86.4% |
84% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hafnium (IV) bis(perfluorooctanesulfonyl)amide In 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 60℃; for 8h; | 86% |
With benzothiazole nitrate In cyclohexane at 70 - 90℃; for 8h; | 85% |
With 10H-phenothiazine; methanesulfonic acid at 249℃; under 26252.6 Torr; for 0.00638889h; Microwave irradiation; Autoclave; Industry scale; | 82% |
methanol
2-methylpropenal
A
2-methyl-3,3-dimethoxy-1-propene
B
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With oxygen; Pd5-Bi2/(100)SiO2-MgO for 4h; | A n/a B 85.2% |
With oxygen; Pd5-Bi2-Fe1/(100)SiO2-MgO for 4h; | A n/a B 81.3% |
With oxygen at 70℃; under 750.075 Torr; for 2h; Catalytic behavior; Green chemistry; |
Trifluoro-methanesulfonate(2,2-bis-methoxycarbonyl-propyl)-phenyl-trimethylsilanylmethyl-sulfonium;
A
methyl (phenylsulfanyl)acetate
B
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 4 A molecular sieve; tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride In tetrahydrofuran at 0℃; for 3h; | A 84% B 80% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene In benzonitrile; acetonitrile at 20℃; for 5h; Reagent/catalyst; | 81% |
methanol
1,1,1-trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol
A
poly(methacrylic acid)
B
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 200℃; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Inert atmosphere; Gas phase; | A 6.7% B 72.3% |
1-methoxy-2-methyl-1-trimethylsiloxy-1-propene
2,3-dicyano-5,6-dichloro-p-benzoquinone
A
C16H18Cl2N2O4Si
B
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In [D3]acetonitrile at 20℃; for 72h; | A 72% B 24% |
poly(methacrylic acid)
methyl salicylate
A
methacrylic acid methyl ester
B
salicylic acid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: poly(methacrylic acid) With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl acetamide at 110℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: methyl salicylate at 110℃; for 24h; | A 72% B n/a |
1-methoxy-2-methyl-1-trimethylsiloxy-1-propene
2,3-dicyano-5,6-dichloro-p-benzoquinone
A
C16H18Cl2N2O4Si
B
C16H18Cl2N2O4Si
C
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In [D3]acetonitrile at 20℃; for 48h; | A 70% B 8% C 22% |
In [D3]acetonitrile at 20℃; for 22h; | A 57% B 28% C 15% |
methanol
chloroform
1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene
acetone
A
methyl 2-chloroisobutyrate
B
methyl 2-methoxy-2-methylpropanoate
D
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: methanol; chloroform; 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene; acetone With 1.4-dibromobenzene In acetonitrile at 50℃; for 18h; Stage #2: In acetonitrile Solvent; Reflux; | A 14% B 6.5% C 5.3% D 66% |
methanol
chloroform
acetone
A
methyl 2-chloroisobutyrate
B
methyl 2-methoxy-2-methylpropanoate
C
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene at 50℃; for 96h; Reagent/catalyst; | A 14% B 6.5% C 66% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: methanol; chloroform; acetone With tert-butylimino-tris(dimethylamino)phosphorane In acetonitrile at 50℃; for 18h; Stage #2: With 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene In acetonitrile for 24h; Reflux; | 59% |
A
methyl lactate
B
methyl 2-hydroxybutyrate
C
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With ortho-tungstic acid In methanol for 2h; Solvent; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave; | A 16.1% B 6.5% C 48.7% |
A
methyl lactate
B
levulinic acid methyl ester
C
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With ortho-tungstic acid In ethanol for 2h; Time; Autoclave; | A 15.1% B 8.3% C 48.7% |
A
methyl 2-hydroxybutyrate
B
levulinic acid methyl ester
C
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dodecatungstosilicic acid In methanol for 2h; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave; | A 12.4% B 43.9% C 28.8% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With ortho-tungstic acid In ethanol at 260℃; for 2h; Temperature; Time; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave; | A 16.2% B 43.8% |
formaldehyd
methyl 2-(triphenylphosphoranylidene)propionate
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 4-methoxy-phenol In water; pentane Wittig reaction; | 42% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene In methanol | 39.5% |
Cellobiose
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With ortho-tungstic acid In methanol for 2h; Autoclave; | 39.5% |
methanol
2-chloro-3-methylbutadiene
A
Dimethoxymethane
B
acetic acid methyl ester
C
methacrylic acid methyl ester
D
2-Chlor-3,3-dimethoxy-1-buten
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With ozone at -78℃; Further byproducts given. Yields of byproduct given; | A n/a B n/a C n/a D 39% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With ortho-tungstic acid In methanol for 2h; Autoclave; | 37.2% |
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium tungstate In methanol for 2h; Reagent/catalyst; Solvent; Autoclave; | 36.5% |
sodium methylate
1,3-dichlorobutan-2-one
A
Methyl β-methoxybutyrate
B
(Z)-methyl but-2-enoate
C
crotonic acid methyl ester
D
ethylglyoxal dimethylacetal
E
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In methanol Product distribution; -50 deg C, then 3h, roomtemp.; | A 13% B 36% C 16% D 16% E 13% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In acetonitrile electrolysis (0.01-0.1 N Et4NBr or Bu4NBr, Pt cathode, Mg anode); | 100% |
Stage #1: thiophenol With aluminum oxide; potassium fluoride In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 0.0833333h; Stage #2: methacrylic acid methyl ester In acetonitrile at 45 - 55℃; for 0.333333h; Michael addition; | 91% |
perchloric acid; silica gel In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 0.166667h; thia-Michael addition; | 91% |
triethylsilane
methacrylic acid methyl ester
β-triethylsilanyl-isobutyric acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
bis(benzonitrile)dichloroplatinum(II); triethylphosphine for 24h; | 100% |
With platinum on activated charcoal | |
With dihydrogen hexachloroplatinate |
danishefsky's diene
methacrylic acid methyl ester
4-carbomethoxy-3-methoxy-4-methyl-1-<(trimethylsilyl)oxy>cyclohex-1-ene
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene at 123℃; for 24h; Diels-Alder reaction; Sealed tube; | 100% |
In benzene at 95℃; for 24h; | 91.4% |
In toluene Heating; |
2-(4-bromophenyl)-5-phenyl-2H-tetrazole
methacrylic acid methyl ester
2-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-3-methyl-5-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethanol for 1h; Quantum yield; Irradiation; | 100% |
In ethanol for 1h; Irradiation; | 100% |
α-(benzylideneamino)acetonitrile
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With lithium diisopropyl amide In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 6h; | 100% |
With silver(I) acetate; caesium carbonate In toluene at 0 - 20℃; for 24.5h; Inert atmosphere; diastereoselective reaction; | 56% |
With silver(I) acetate; caesium carbonate In toluene at 0 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere; |
4-(2-phenyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)benzonitrile
methacrylic acid methyl ester
5-(4-Cyano-phenyl)-3-methyl-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethanol for 3.5h; Quantum yield; Irradiation; | 100% |
In ethanol for 3.5h; Irradiation; | 100% |
5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-2H-tetrazole
methacrylic acid methyl ester
methyl 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethyl acetate at 20℃; for 2h; UV-irradiation; | 100% |
In ethanol at 24.9℃; for 3.5h; Quantum yield; Irradiation; | 70% |
In ethanol for 3.5h; Irradiation; | 70% |
Octanethiol
methacrylic acid methyl ester
2-Methyl-3-octylsulfanyl-propionic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In acetonitrile electrolysis (0.01-0.1 N Et4NBr or Bu4NBr, Pt cathode, Mg anode); | 100% |
2-Benzylidenamino-propionitril
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With lithium diisopropyl amide In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; for 6h; | 100% |
methacrylic acid methyl ester
2-hydroxyethanethiol
methyl 3-[(2-hydroxyethyl)thio]isobutyrate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In acetonitrile electrolysis (0.01-0.1 N Et4NBr or Bu4NBr, Pt cathode, Mg anode); | 100% |
methacrylic acid methyl ester
1-dodecylthiol
3-(n-dodecylthio)-2-methyl-propanoic acid,methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In acetonitrile electrolysis (0.01-0.1 N Et4NBr or Bu4NBr, Pt cathode, Mg anode); | 100% |
With potassium hydroxide |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
ytterbium trifluoromethanesulfonate In acetonitrile at 50℃; under 7125570 Torr; for 24h; | 100% |
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate; (p-cymene)RuCl2(PCy3) In toluene at 85℃; for 16h; Kinetics; Further Variations:; Catalysts; Temperatures; | 100% |
C32H54N2O2Ta; trimethylaluminum In toluene at 0℃; for 1h; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Catalysts; Temperatures; | 99% |
With (2-phenylindenyl)2ZrMe2; tris(pentafluorophenyl)borate In toluene at 23℃; for 2h; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Reagents; times; | 88% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) In butanone at 64.85℃; for 4h; Activation energy; Kinetics; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Temperatures; times; Polymerization; | 100% |
2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) In butanone at 64.85℃; for 4h; Polymerization; | 100% |
2-bromo-2-methylpropionic acid
allyl methacrylate
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Multistep reaction.; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Multistep reaction.; | 100% |
4-bromo-N,N-dimethylaniline
methacrylic acid methyl ester
(E)-3-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-2-methyl acrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0); tri-tert-butyl phosphine; Cy2NMe2 In 1,4-dioxane at 20℃; for 24h; Heck coupling; | 100% |
With [(C6H5)PdBr2]2[HPtBu3]2 In 1,4-dioxane at 20℃; for 18h; Heck reaction; Inert atmosphere; | 97% |
With N-Methyldicyclohexylamine; tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); tri-tert-butylphosphonium tetraphenylborate In tetrahydrofuran at 30℃; for 25h; Product distribution / selectivity; | 87% |
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: methacrylic acid methyl ester With rac-(EBI)-ZrMe+MeB(C6F5)3- In toluene at 23℃; for 0.75h; Stage #2: With rac-(EBI)-ZrMe+MeAl(C6F5)3- In toluene at 23℃; Stage #3: With tris(pentafluorophenyl) aluminum In toluene at -78℃; for 1h; Further stages.; | 100% |
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Bromotrichloromethane; bis(1,3-dicyclohexyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazolyl)Cl2RuCHPh at 85℃; for 16h; | 100% |
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Bromotrichloromethane; aluminum isopropoxide; bis(1,3-dicyclohexyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazolyl)Cl2RuCHPh at 85℃; for 16h; | 100% |
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile); 3-butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium hexafluorophosphate at 65℃; for 8h; | 100% |
[3-(methacryloyloxy)propyl]trimethoxysilane
methacrylic acid methyl ester
terpolymer methyl methacrylate/sodium 4-acryloylaminophenyldiazosulfonate/3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, monomer ratio: 75/20/5; monomers: methyl methacrylate; sodium 4-acryloylaminophenyldiazosulfonate; 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) In dimethylsulfoxide-d6 at 70℃; for 20h; | 100% |
methacrylic acid methyl ester
poly(methyl methacrylate), Mn: 31.9 kg/mol, polydispersity index: 1.25 (THF) and 1.17 (CHCl3), Tg: 93 deg C, unimodal, amphicatalytic polymerization; Monomer(s): methyl methacrylate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With rac-[Et(Ind)2]ZrMe(+)*0.5[MeB(C6F5)3(-)]*0.5[MeAl(C6F5)3(-)] In toluene at 23℃; for 0.25h; | 100% |
methacrylic acid methyl ester
poly(methyl methacrylate), Mn: 94.0 kg/mol, polydispersity index: 1.19 (THF), Tg: 56 deg C, isotactic, amphicatalytic polymerization; Monomer(s): methyl methacrylate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With rac-[Et(Ind)2]ZrMe(+)*0.5[MeB(C6F5)3(-)]*0.5[MeAl(C6F5)3(-)] In toluene at 23℃; for 2h; | 100% |
methacrylic acid methyl ester
poly(methyl methacrylate), Mn: 70.3 kg/mol, polydispersity index: 1.38 (THF), Tg: 120 deg C, syndiotactic, amphicatalytic polymerization; Monomer(s): methyl methacrylate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With rac-[Et(Ind)2]ZrMe(+)*0.5[MeB(C6F5)3(-)]*0.5[MeAl(C6F5)3(-)] In toluene at 0℃; for 2h; | 100% |
methacrylic acid methyl ester
poly(methyl methacrylate), Mn: 64.3 kg/mol, polydispersity index: 1.42 (THF), Tg: 121 deg C, syndiotactic, amphicatalytic polymerization; Monomer(s): methyl methacrylate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With rac-[Me2Si(Ind)2]ZrMe(+)*0.5MeB(C6F5)3(-)*0.5MeAl(C6F5)3(-) In toluene at 0℃; for 2h; | 100% |
methacrylic acid methyl ester
poly(methyl methacrylate), Mn: 44.2 kg/mol, polydispersity index: 1.20 (THF), Tg: 53 deg C, isotactic, amphicatalytic polymerization; Monomer(s): methyl methacrylate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With rac-[Et(Ind)2]ZrMe(+)*0.5[MeB(C6F5)3(-)]*0.5[MeAl(C6F5)3(-)] In 1,2-dichloro-benzene at 23℃; for 0.25h; | 100% |
methacrylic acid methyl ester
poly(methyl methacrylate), Mn: 59.6 kg/mol, polydispersity index: 1.33 (THF), Tg: 54 deg C, isotactic, amphicatalytic polymerization; Monomer(s): methyl methacrylate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With rac-[Et(Ind)2]ZrMe(+)*0.5[MeB(C6F5)3(-)]*0.5[MeAl(C6F5)3(-)] In 1,2-dichloro-benzene at 0℃; for 2h; | 100% |
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With bis(cyclopentadienyl)dimethylzirconium(IV); rac-ethylenebis(1-indenyl)dimethylzirconium; tris(pentafluorophenyl)borate In toluene at 23℃; for 2h; | 100% |
methacrylic acid methyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With rac-ethylenebis(1-indenyl)dimethylzirconium; tris(pentafluorophenyl)borate In toluene at 23℃; for 2h; | 100% |
The IUPAC name of Methyl methacrylate is methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate. With the CAS registry number 80-62-6, it is also named as 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid methyl ester. The product's categories are Low Refractive Index Monomers; Acrylic Monomers; Carbonyl Compounds; Esters; Methacrylate; Waveguide Materials; META - METH Cosmetics; Allergens; Alpha Sort; MAlphabetic; Other Additives; Volatiles/ Semivolatiles. It is clear colorless liquid which is slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol, ether, acetone and other organic solvents. In addition, this chenical is flammable by fire, heat and oxidants. Besides, it should be sealed in the container and stored in the cool and dry place.
The other characteristics of Methyl methacrylate can be summarized as:
(1)ACD/LogP: 1.35; (2)# of Rule of 5 Violations: 0; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 1.35; (4)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 1.35; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 6.2; (6)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 6.2; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 128.53; (8)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 128.53; (9)#H bond acceptors: 2; (10)#H bond donors: 0; (11)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 2; (12)Index of Refraction: 1.4; (13)Molar Refractivity: 26.55 cm3; (14)Molar Volume: 109.4 cm3; (15)Polarizability: 10.52×10-24 cm3; (16)Surface Tension: 23.5 dyne/cm; (17)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 33.96 kJ/mol; (18)Vapour Pressure: 36.9 mmHg at 25°C; (19)Rotatable Bond Count: 2; (20)Exact Mass: 100.05243; (21)MonoIsotopic Mass: 100.05243; (22)Topological Polar Surface Area: 26.3; (23)Heavy Atom Count: 7; (24)Complexity: 94.3.
Preparation of Methyl methacrylate:
It is produced by the acetone cyanohydrin process in which the acetone cyanohydrin (from the reaction of acetone with hydrogen cyanide, q.v.) is reacted with sulfuric acid to yield methacrylamide sulfate, which is further hydrolyzed and esterified. The process is continuous.
CH3C(OH·CN)CH3 + H+ → CH2=C(CH3)C(=O)NH3+
CH2=C(CH3)C(=O)NH3+ + CH3OH + HSO4- → CH2=C(CH3)C(=O)OCH3 + NH4SO4
Uses of Methyl methacrylate:
It is used for the production of the co-polymer methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS), used as a modifier for PVC. The principal application of this chemical is the manufacture of polymethyl methacrylate acrylic plastics (PMMA). Methyl methacrylate is polymerized to poly(methyl methacrylate), which is used in cast and extruded sheet, molding powder and resins, surface coatings, impact modifiers, and emulsion polymers. In addition, it reacts with acetoacetic acid ethyl ester to get 2-acetyl-4-methyl-glutaric acid-1-ethyl ester-5-methyl ester. This reaction needs reagent sodium ethylate and ethanol.
When you are using Methyl methacrylate, please be cautious about it as the following:
It is highly flammable, so people should keep it away from sources of ignition. It is not only toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed, but also irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. So people should avoid contact with skin. If you want to contact this product, you must wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label.
People can use the following data to convert to the molecule structure.
1. SMILES:O=C(OC)\C(=C)C
2. InChI:InChI=1/C5H8O2/c1-4(2)5(6)7-3/h1H2,2-3H3
3. InChIKey:VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYAN
The following are the toxicity data of Methyl methacrylate:
Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
cat | LDLo | subcutaneous | 7mL/kg (7mL/kg) | PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: CHANGES PRIMARILY IN GLOMERULI | National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0520933, |
dog | LCLo | inhalation | 41200mg/m3/3H (41200mg/m3) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA GASTROINTESTINAL: CHANGES IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS | Industrial Medicine. Vol. 14, Pg. 292, 1945. |
dog | LD50 | oral | 4725mg/kg (4725mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA GASTROINTESTINAL: CHANGES IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS | Industrial Medicine. Vol. 14, Pg. 292, 1945. |
dog | LD50 | subcutaneous | 4252mg/kg (4252mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) | Industrial Medicine. Vol. 14, Pg. 292, 1945. |
dog | LDLo | intravenous | 120uL/kg (0.12mL/kg) | Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Vol. 63, Pg. 376, 1974. | |
guinea pig | LCLo | inhalation | 19000mg/m3/5H (19000mg/m3) | BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS BEHAVIORAL: COMA LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION | Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 23, Pg. 343, 1941. |
guinea pig | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 1890mg/kg (1890mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) | Industrial Medicine. Vol. 14, Pg. 292, 1945. |
guinea pig | LD50 | oral | 5954mg/kg (5954mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA GASTROINTESTINAL: CHANGES IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS | Industrial Medicine. Vol. 14, Pg. 292, 1945. |
guinea pig | LD50 | subcutaneous | 5954mg/kg (5954mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) | Industrial Medicine. Vol. 14, Pg. 292, 1945. |
human | TCLo | inhalation | 60mg/m3 (60mg/m3) | BEHAVIORAL: SLEEP BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT VASCULAR: BP LOWERING NOT CHARACTERIZED IN AUTONOMIC SECTION | Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 1, Pg. 56, 1957. |
human | TCLo | inhalation | 125ppm (125ppm) | BEHAVIORAL: SLEEP BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT BEHAVIORAL: ANOREXIA (HUMAN | Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 19(10), Pg. 25, 1954. |
mammal (species unspecified) | LC50 | inhalation | 20gm/m3 (20000mg/m3) | Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 51(5), Pg. 61, 1986. | |
mouse | LC50 | inhalation | 18500mg/m3/2H (18500mg/m3) | Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 20(6), Pg. 5, 1976. | |
mouse | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 945mg/kg (945mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) | Industrial Medicine. Vol. 14, Pg. 292, 1945. |
mouse | LD50 | oral | 3625mg/kg (3625mg/kg) | Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 41(4), Pg. 6, 1976. | |
mouse | LD50 | subcutaneous | 5954mg/kg (5954mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) | Industrial Medicine. Vol. 14, Pg. 292, 1945. |
rabbit | LCLo | inhalation | 17500mg/m3/4. (17500mg/m3) | BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION BEHAVIORAL: COMA | Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 23, Pg. 343, 1941. |
rabbit | LD50 | oral | 8700mg/kg (8700mg/kg) | Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 41(4), Pg. 6, 1976. | |
rabbit | LD50 | skin | > 5gm/kg (5000mg/kg) | SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): "DERMATITIS, OTHER: AFTER SYSTEMIC EXPOSURE" | National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0544282, |
rabbit | LDLo | subcutaneous | 14mL/kg (14mL/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: HEMATURIA LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES | National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0520933, |
rat | LC50 | inhalation | 78000mg/m3/4H (78000mg/m3) | Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 20(6), Pg. 5, 1976. | |
rat | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 1328mg/kg (1328mg/kg) | Journal of Dental Research. Vol. 51, Pg. 1632, 1972. | |
rat | LD50 | oral | 7872mg/kg (7872mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS BEHAVIORAL: COMA LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION | Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 23, Pg. 343, 1941. |
rat | LD50 | subcutaneous | 7088mg/kg (7088mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) | Industrial Medicine. Vol. 14, Pg. 292, 1945. |
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