Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With polymer supported perruthenate reagent In dichloromethane | 100% |
With benzyltriphenylphosphonium peroxymonosulfate for 0.0833333h; Oxidation; | 100% |
With butyltriphenylphosphonium chlorochromate In acetonitrile for 0.5h; Heating; | 100% |
3,4-Dimethoxy-benzaldehyde oxime
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 1-benzyl-4-aza-1-azoniabiyclo<2.2.2>octane peroxodisulfate In acetonitrile for 0.25h; Oxidation; Heating; | 100% |
With benzyltriphenylphosphonium dichromate; silica gel for 0.0833333h; | 100% |
With 1-benzyl-4-aza-1-azoniabiyclo<2.2.2>octane peroxodisulfate In acetonitrile for 0.25h; Heating; | 99% |
2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithiane
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With silver(I) nitrite; iodine In tetrahydrofuran for 1.5h; Ambient temperature; | 100% |
With bismuth(III) nitrate; water In benzene at 20℃; for 5h; | 93% |
With eosin y In water; acetonitrile at 20℃; for 2h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Solvent; Irradiation; | 92% |
With dipotassium peroxodisulfate; 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolim bromide at 60 - 70℃; for 0.166667h; | 80% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With laccase at 20℃; Reagent/catalyst; Green chemistry; Enzymatic reaction; | 100% |
With laccase from Trametes versicolor; oxygen; benzotriazol-1-ol In water at 45℃; for 22h; pH=4.5; | 99% |
With laccase of Pleurotus ostreatus MTCC-1801; 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt In 1,4-dioxane at 20℃; pH=4.5; Enzymatic reaction; | 98% |
1,1-diacetoxy-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methane
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With water; titanium(IV) fluoride at 60℃; for 1.3h; screw-capped vial; | 100% |
With 2,6-dicarboxypyridinium chlorochromate In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 0.0833333h; | 96% |
With rice husk supported FeCl3 nanoparticles In ethanol at 70℃; for 0.05h; | 92% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium carbonate In acetone at 20℃; for 1.5h; | 100% |
With potassium carbonate In acetone at 60 - 70℃; for 17h; Reflux; | 99.3% |
With 18-crown-6 ether; potassium carbonate | 96% |
((3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)oxy)trimethylsilane
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With nitrogen dioxide at 20℃; for 0.166667h; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium carbonate In acetone at 20℃; for 1.5h; Reflux; | 99% |
With potassium carbonate In acetone | 95% |
With potassium hydroxide In water at 20 - 23℃; for 6h; | 90% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium dichromate; aluminium trichloride for 0.0333333h; | 98% |
With lithium chloride In water; dimethyl sulfoxide at 90℃; for 6h; | 95% |
With CuCl2*2H2O In acetonitrile for 0.5h; Ambient temperature; | 93% |
With sodium tetrahydroborate; nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate In methanol for 12h; Reflux; chemoselective reaction; | 88% |
With K5 In acetone for 0.166667h; Heating; | 97 % Chromat. |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical; laccasefrom Trametes versicolor; oxygen In water at 30℃; for 24h; pH=4.5; Enzymatic reaction; | 98% |
With immobilised amine transaminase from the moderate halophilic bacterium Halomonas elongata; sodium pyruvate In aq. phosphate buffer; toluene at 45℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 5h; pH=8; | 96% |
With sodium periodate; 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical; acetic acid; trifluoroacetic acid In water; acetonitrile for 20h; | 75% |
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: N-chloro-succinimide / 0.17 h / 20 °C / Milling 2: triethylamine / 0.17 h / 20 °C / Milling 3: water; hydrogenchloride / tetrahydrofuran / 2 h / 20 °C View Scheme |
3,4-dimethoxybenzylamine
A
veratronitrile
B
N-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methanimine
C
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium hypochlorite In ethanol for 0.25h; Ambient temperature; | A 97% B n/a C n/a |
β-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy phenethyl alcohol
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dimanganese decacarbonyl In toluene at 120℃; Sealed tube; | 97% |
((3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylene)bis(phenylsulfane)
A
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
B
diphenyldisulfane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tetrafluoroboric acid; tris(2,2'-bipyridine)iron(III) perchlorate In water; acetonitrile for 0.0833333h; Ambient temperature; | A 96% B n/a |
2-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyloxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium dichromate; aluminium trichloride for 0.05h; | 96% |
With aluminum oxide; potassium permanganate for 0.166667h; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Reagents; reaction times; | 90% |
With bismuth(III) chloride; benzyltriphenylphosphonium peroxymonosulfate In dichloromethane for 0.05h; microwave irradiation; | 80% |
1-iodo-3,4-dimethoxybenzene
9-methyl-9H-fluorene-9-carbonyl chloride
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dichloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)palladium(II); N-Methyldicyclohexylamine; potassium formate; tetra-(n-butyl)ammonium iodide; tricyclohexylphosphine tetrafluoroborate; bis(dibenzylideneacetone)-palladium(0); tri tert-butylphosphoniumtetrafluoroborate In acetonitrile at 80℃; for 18h; Sealed tube; Glovebox; Inert atmosphere; | 96% |
1,2-dimethoxybenzene
N,N-dimethyl-formamide
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid; trichlorophosphate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 40 - 85℃; for 4h; Cooling with ice; Green chemistry; | 95.2% |
With trichlorophosphate | |
With sodium hydroxide; pyrophosphoryl chloride 1) 95 deg C, 24 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium dichromate; aluminium trichloride for 0.0833333h; | 95% |
With CuCl2*2H2O for 0.00527778h; microwave irradiation; | 85% |
With ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate; silica gel for 0.025h; microwave irradiation; | 84% |
Sodium; (3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-hydroxy-methanesulfonate
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Montmorillonite KSF clay for 0.00277778h; Elimination; microwave irradiation; | 95% |
With ammonium acetate for 0.00416667h; microwave irradiation; | 89% |
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With aluminium trichloride; 1-benzyl-1-aza-4-azoniabicyclo<2.2.2>octane periodate at 20℃; for 0.2h; | 95% |
With bismuth(lll) trifluoromethanesulfonate In dichloromethane; water at 20℃; for 0.166667h; | 90% |
1,2-dimethoxy-4-(nitromethyl)benzene
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(nitromethyl)benzene With potassium hydroxide In methanol Nef reaction; Continuous flow conditions; Stage #2: With potassium permanganate; water In methanol at 25℃; Nef reaction; Sonication; Continuous flow conditions; chemoselective reaction; | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium carbonate In chloroform at 20℃; for 24h; Irradiation; Inert atmosphere; | 95% |
With 1H-imidazole; C17H16ClMnN2O2; tetrabutylammonium periodite In chloroform at 20℃; for 0.416667h; | 94% |
With tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) dichloride hexahydrate; 1-λ3-benzo[d][1,2]iodaoxol-3(1H)-one In 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol at 40℃; for 3h; UV-irradiation; | 94% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tetrabutylammomium bromide; potassium carbonate at 88℃; for 40h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; | 94.68% |
With N,N'-dimethylimidazolium-2-carboxylate In acetonitrile at 160℃; for 2.66667h; Microwave irradiation; Green chemistry; | 77% |
at 160℃; for 2h; Kinetics; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Time; Concentration; Autoclave; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium carbonate In acetone for 0.0833333h; Etherification; methylation; microwave irradiation; | 94% |
With potassium hydroxide at 20℃; Darst.; |
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With silver(I) nitrite; iodine In tetrahydrofuran for 5h; Ambient temperature; | 94% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 100℃; for 1h; | 94% |
With potassium carbonate | 93% |
With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 80℃; for 1h; | 68% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 1,2-dimethoxybenzene; N-methyl-N-phenylformamide With sulfuryl dichloride at 35℃; Stage #2: In water; toluene at 65℃; for 6h; Temperature; | 93.4% |
With trichlorophosphate | |
With sodium hydroxide; pyrophosphoryl chloride 1) 1.1) 115 deg C, 1 h, 1.2) 100 deg C, 18 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With oxygen In dimethyl sulfoxide at 120℃; for 8h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Solvent; Temperature; Sealed tube; | 93% |
With ozone; thiourea 1) -10-(-15) deg C, 65 min, CH3OH; 2) 0 deg C, 55 min; Yield given. Multistep reaction; |
3,4-dimethoxybenzohydrazide
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With ammonia; 1-hydroxy-3H-benz[d][1,2]iodoxole-1,3-dione In chloroform at 20℃; for 0.166667h; | 93% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium bisulfite; sodium chloride; tin(ll) chloride In nitromethane at 9℃; for 13h; Concentration; Temperature; Reflux; | 93% |
BARBITURIC ACID
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
5-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water for 1h; Heating; | 100% |
In ethanol; water at 80℃; Knoevenagel condensation; | 96% |
In ethanol; water at 80℃; for 9h; | 96.6% |
p-toluidine
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
1,2-dimethoxy-4-<<(4-methylphenyl)imino>methyl>benzene
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene Heating; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene Heating; | 100% |
sodium hydrogen sulfate; silica gel at 56 - 58℃; for 0.0222222h; microwave irradiation; | 95% |
magnesium(II) perchlorate In 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 20℃; for 4h; | 94% |
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
ethyl 2-cyanoacetate
ethyl α-cyano-β-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With piperidine; acetic acid In benzene at 120 - 130℃; for 12h; Heating / reflux; | 100% |
With polymer supported poly(propylene imine)dendrimer In ethanol at 20℃; for 0.166667h; Knoevenagel Condensation; Green chemistry; | 99% |
With ammonium sulphamate for 0.00416667h; Knoevenagel condensation; Microwave irradiation; neat (no solvent); | 97% |
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
4-Ethoxyaniline
(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)(4-ethoxyphenyl)amine
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene Heating; | 100% |
In ethanol Heating; | 94% |
at 110℃; |
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
methylamine
N-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)methanamine
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 4 A molecular sieve In toluene at 0℃; | 100% |
With benzene | |
In methanol at 40℃; for 5h; | |
In ethanol at 50℃; | |
In benzene for 2h; Reflux; |
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
malononitrile
3,4-dimethoxybenzylidenemalononitrile
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With polymer supported poly(propylene imine)dendrimer In ethanol at 20℃; for 0.0833333h; Knoevenagel Condensation; Green chemistry; | 100% |
With third generation polystyrene supported poly(amidoamine) dendrimer In ethanol at 30℃; for 0.333333h; Knoevenagel condensation; | 99% |
With antimony(III) chloride for 0.0416667h; Knoevenagel condensation; microwave irradiation; | 97% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With bromine; acetic acid at 20℃; for 0.25h; | 100% |
Stage #1: 3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde With bromine In methanol at 20℃; for 4h; Stage #2: With sodium hydroxide In methanol; water pH=9 - 10; | 98% |
With bromine at 20℃; for 1.5h; | 98% |
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
2-nitroveratraldehyde
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With nitric acid at 20℃; for 0.166667h; | 100% |
With nitric acid at 0 - 20℃; for 2h; | 95% |
With nitric acid at 0 - 20℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere; Green chemistry; | 91% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tri-n-butyl-tin hydride; phenylboronic acid In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 21h; | 100% |
With sodium tetrahydroborate In methanol at 20℃; for 1h; | 100% |
With sodium tetrahydroborate In methanol at 0℃; Inert atmosphere; | 100% |
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
ethyl 2-cyanoacetate
ethyl (E)-2-cyano-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With third generation polystyrene supported poly(amidoamine) dendrimer In ethanol at 50℃; for 0.333333h; Knoevenagel condensation; | 100% |
With ASCPEI In ethanol at 43℃; for 2h; Knoevenagel condensation; | 98% |
With ammonium acetate for 0.25h; Knoevenagel condensation; microwave irradiation; | 94% |
1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethanone
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
(E)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium hydroxide In ethanol at 20℃; | 100% |
With sodium hydroxide In methanol at 20℃; for 18h; | 79% |
With potassium hydroxide | |
With sodium hydroxide In ethanol at 20℃; for 2h; |
2-methoxy-phenylamine
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
N-m,p-dimethoxybenzylidene-o-anisidine
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene Heating; | 100% |
In neat (no solvent) Time; Irradiation; Green chemistry; | 72.6% |
With 5A molecular sieve In toluene for 4h; |
5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carbohydrazide
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
5-Chlor-N'-<(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-methylen>-2-indolcarbohydrazid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In ethanol for 3h; Heating; | 100% |
4-chloro-aniline
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
4-chloro-N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylenebenzenamine
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene Heating; | 100% |
magnesium(II) perchlorate In 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 20℃; for 8h; | 90% |
In ethanol for 0.75h; Heating; | |
With Montmorillonite K10 clay Condensation; microwave irradiation; | |
In neat (no solvent) Heating; |
4-methoxy-aniline
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-(4-methoxyphenyl)amine
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene Heating; | 100% |
With aqueous extract of pericarp of Sapindus trifoliatus fruits at 20℃; for 0.166667h; | 95% |
With sulfuric acid In neat (no solvent) Microwave irradiation; Sealed tube; Green chemistry; | 80% |
Hippuric Acid
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
4-[(E)-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-5(4H)-one
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium acetate for 0.0833333h; microwave irradiation; | 100% |
Stage #1: Hippuric Acid With 4-methyl-morpholine; 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1 ,3,5-triazine In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: 3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde In tetrahydrofuran at 75℃; for 0.233333h; | 90% |
clinoptilolite for 0.2h; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Catalysts; Temperatures; reaction times, with or without microwave irradiation; microwave irradiation; | 81% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium hydroxide In methanol at 0℃; | 100% |
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
ethane-1,2-dithiol
2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithiolane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
amberlyst-15 In chloroform for 48h; Ambient temperature; | 100% |
With N-Bromosuccinimide for 0.05h; | 98% |
With silica-supported sulfuric acid at 20℃; for 0.133333h; Neat (no solvent); chemoselective reaction; | 98% |
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
cyclopentanone
2,5-Bis<(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylen>cyclopentanon
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With lithium perchlorate; triethylamine at 20℃; for 96h; | 100% |
With hydrogenchloride; acetic acid at 25 - 30℃; for 2h; | 85% |
With hydrogenchloride In acetic acid at 25 - 30℃; for 2h; | 85% |
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
3-chloro-aniline
(3-Chloro-phenyl)-[1-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amine
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene Heating; | 100% |
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
2-amino-phenol
2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylmethyleneimino)phenol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene Heating; | 100% |
In ethanol for 3h; Reflux; | 75% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene Heating; | 100% |
In methanol | 93% |
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
m-Hydroxyaniline
3,4-Methoxybenzyliden-m-hydroxyanilin
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene Heating; | 100% |
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
3-nitro-aniline
[1-(3,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-(3-nitro-phenyl)-amine
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene Heating; | 100% |
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
2,2-dimethoxyethylamine
N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methanimine
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In benzene for 4h; Heating; | 100% |
With magnesium sulfate In chloroform at 20℃; for 24h; | 100% |
In benzene for 4h; Reflux; | 99.1% |
3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde
4-bromo-aniline
3,4-dimethoxybenzal-4-bromoaniline
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene Heating; | 100% |
In methanol at 20℃; | 76% |
1. Introduction of Veratraldehyde
Veratraldehyde is derivative of vanillin, widely used as a flavorant and odorant. The IUPAC name of Veratraldehyde is 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, it is off-white crystalline solid. It is also called 3,4-dimethoxy-benzaldehyd ; 4-O-Methylvanillin ; Benzaldehyde, 3,4-dimethoxy-veratraldehyde ; Protocatechuecaldehyde dimethyl ether ; Protocatechuecaldehydedimethylether ; P-Veratric aldehyde ; P-veratricaldehyde and so on.
2. Properties of Veratraldehyde
Veratraldehyde is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong bases.Veratraldehyde is an aldehyde. Aldehydes are readily oxidized to give carboxylic acids. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of aldehydes with azo, diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. Aldehydes can react with air to give first peroxo acids, and ultimately carboxylic acids. These autoxidation reactions are activated by light, catalyzed by salts of transition metals, and are autocatalytic (catalyzed by the products of the reaction).
Physical properties about Veratraldehyde are:
Appearance: off-white crystalline solid
Nominal Mass: 166 Da
Average Mass: 166.1739 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 166.062994 Da
Index of Refraction: 1.534
Molar Refractivity: 46.36 cm3
Molar Volume: 149.1 cm3
Surface Tension: 36.1 dyne/cm
Density: 1.114 g/cm3
Flash Point: 110.4 °C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 51.98 kJ/mol
Boiling Point: 281 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 0.00366 mmHg at 25°C
Water Solubility: <0.1 g/100 mL at 22 ºC
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong bases, strong oxidizing agents.
3. Toxicity of Veratraldehyde
Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
mouse | LD50 | oral | 3200mg/kg (3200mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: ALTERED SLEEP TIME (INCLUDING CHANGE IN RIGHTING REFLEX) BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA GASTROINTESTINAL: ALTERATION IN GASTRIC SECRETION | National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0533446, |
rabbit | LD50 | skin | > 5gm/kg (5000mg/kg) | Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 13, Pg. 923, 1975. | |
rat | LD50 | oral | 2gm/kg (2000mg/kg) | Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 13, Pg. 923, 1975. |
6. Preparation of Veratraldehyde
Veratraldehyde has been prepared by treatment of veratrole with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of aluminum chloride; by condensing veratrole with formylpiperidine and hydrolyzing the product; and by methylating vanillin with methyl iodide, methyl sulfate, methyl p-toluenesulfonate, or trimethylphenylammonium hydroxide.
7. Other details of Veratraldehyde
Personal Protection:
Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
Fire Fighting:Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. To extinguish fire, use water fog, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or regular foam.
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