Standards of drug metabolites are required for drug metabolism studies as a basis for toxicological risk assessment with respect to drug interactions and pharmacogenetic polymorphisms. They are further needed as reference compounds in analytical toxicology. However, metabolite standards are ofte...

Studies are described on the metabolism and the toxicological detection of the phencyclidine-derived designer drug N-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)-propanamine (PCPR) in rat urine using gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric techniques. The identified metabolites indicated that PCPR was metabolized by hy...

Studies on the metabolism and the toxicological detection of the phencyclidine-derived designer drug N-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)-3-methoxypropanamine (PCMPA) in rat urine are described using gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric (GC–MS) techniques. Based on the identified metabolites, the followin...

Investigations using insect cell microsomes with cDNA-expressed human cytochrome P450 (CYP)s and human liver microsomes (HLM) are reported on the CYP isoenzymes involved in the metabolism of the designer drugs N-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)-2-ethoxyethanamine (PCEEA) to O-deethyl PCEEA and N-(1-phenylcy...

Hyperuricemia is a kind of metabolic disease resulted from imbalance between urate production and excretion. Xanthine oxidase (XOD) or renal urate transporter 1 (URAT1) inhibitors have been applied for hyperuricemia treatment in clinic, but available drugs could not simultaneously target XOD and...

The tris-cyclometalated iridium complex Ir(pbi)3 was synthesized regarding 2-(4-bromophenyl)-1-hydrogen-benzimidazole(pbi) as cyclometalated ligand and the heteroleptic iridium complexes (pbi)2Ir(acac) and (pbi)2Ir(phen) were prepared through the ancillary ligands acetylacetone(acac) and 1,10-ph...

Three pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (H2pca) complexes, Cr(Hpca)3·2H2O (1), Ni2(pca)2(H2O)6·2H2O (2) and [Pb2(Hpca)4]n (3), have been synthesized and fully characterized. The single crystal X-ray diffraction indicate that the mononuclear Cr(III) cation in complex 1 and binuclear Ni(II) cations in ...

Any interaction of plants with phytopathogens involves the generation of various chemical molecules that are critical for activation of their defense machinery. One of the chemicals, salicylic acid (SA) induces systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in plants. The activation of SAR provides a broad-...

A new canthin-5,6-dione and β-carboline dimeric alkaloid, picrasidine-U was isolated from the root wood of Picrasma quassioides. The structure was determined by spectral analysis and chemical evidence.

A new β-carboline dimeric alkaloid, (±)-picrasidine-T was isolated from the bark of Picrasma quassioides. The structure was determined by spectral analysis and chemical evidence.

In the United States, the illicit drug market has recently been flooded with fentanyl and fentanyl-related compounds. The ability to easily synthesize fentanyl-related compounds by simply using different precursors has added to the difficulty of forensic analyses. Often, developed methodologies ...

Use of the e-liquid flavourings diacetyl and acetyl propionyl has raised concerns that they might cause respiratory diseases amongst vapers. Product surveys show that these compounds, plus a less toxic alternative, acetoin, are widely used in e-liquids.We have investigated the chemistry of aceto...

Because of its corrosion resistance palladium (Pd) has been widely used in many consumer products ranging from fashion accessories to dental materials. Recently, however, an increase in Pd allergy cases has been reported. Metal allergy is categorized as a Type IV allergy, which is characterized ...

Tacrolimus ointment is prescribed for patients with atopic dermatitis, although it is known to cause transient burning sensations and hot flashes in the applied skin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of olopatadine hydrochloride (olopatadine), an antiallergic agent with a histam...

BackgroundGSP301 nasal spray is a fixed-dose combination of the antihistamine olopatadine hydrochloride and the corticosteroid mometasone furoate intended for seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) treatment.

IntroductionAllergic eye diseases includes a spectrum of diseases, with each state being characterized by a complicated immunopathology. In the present study, polymeric Kollidon® SR nanoparticles loaded with olopatadine hydrochloride (OLO) were formulated as a suspension for ocular drug delivery...

Combination of the ability of contact lenses (CLs) to act as a physical barrier against airborne antigen and to serve as a sustained depot of antihistaminic drugs may improve the efficiency of treatments of some ocular allergic diseases. The aim of this work was to develop CLs that exhibit affin...

AimsThe alkali-induced corneal injury is an ocular emergency that required an immediate and effective management to preserve the normal corneal functions and transparency. Olopatadine is a fast, topically-effective anti-allergic drug, which exhibited potent anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic ...

BackgroundGSP301 nasal spray is a fixed-dose combination of olopatadine hydrochloride (antihistamine) and mometasone furoate (corticosteroid).

Two novel potentiometric sensors were developed for the quantification of olopatadine hydrochloride and oxeladine citrate in pure forms, pharmaceutical preparations and human plasma. The both sensors were fabricated on incorporating the olopatadine and oxeladine tetraphenylborate ion-pairs as el...