In mice, inhalation of formic, acetic, propionic and butyric acid caused a rapid decrease in the respiratory rate, which decreased to a stable level during the remaining part of the 30 min exposure period; this was due to sensory irritation. The concentration decreasing the respiratory rate (RD)...

In a Green Biorefinery system, the production of organic acids, fibres and biogas is in focus. Silage is separated into a press juice and press cake. During the ensiling process, organic acids like lactic acid, acetic acid and butyric acid can be formed, depending on the used substrate and ensil...

This article presents the full study (lab-scale experimental study and large-scale techno-economic analysis) results of a two-step catalytic process for the conversion of organic waste–derived butyric acid to butanol. The two-step process consists of the (1) esterification of butyric acid to me...

Butyric acid is an important C4 organic acid with broad applications. It is currently produced by chemosynthesis from petroleum-based feedstocks. However, the fermentative production of butyric acid from renewable feedstocks has received growing attention because of consumer demand for green pro...

Isothermal vapour–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data were measured for alcohol–carboxylic acid systems using a dynamic recirculating apparatus operated isothermally. For super-atmospheric pressures, a stainless steel version of the apparatus was used with sight glasses in the Cottrell pump and liqu...

We investigated biogeochemical cycling of dissolved copper (dCu) along the Line P transect, spanning from the coastal waters of British Columbia, Canada, to the High Nutrient, Low Chlorophyll (HNLC) open Ocean Station Papa (OSP or P26), in the subarctic Northeast Pacific. DCu concentrations rang...

Many membrane-bound sensor kinases require accessory proteins for function. The review describes functional control of membrane-bound sensors by transporters. The C4-dicarboxylate sensor kinase DcuS requires the aerobic or anaerobic C4-dicarboxylate transporters DctA or DcuB, respectively, for f...

A series of (benzimidazol-2-yl)-aniline (1) derivatives has been synthesized and evaluated as glycogen phosphorylase (GP) inhibitors. Kinetics studies revealed that compounds displaying a lateral heterocyclic residue with several heteroatoms (series 3 and 5) exhibited modest inhibitory propertie...

A series of novel heterocyclic thioureas 3a-u containing sulfonamide moiety have been synthesized by the condensation of isothiocyanatobenzenesulfonamide 2 with a variety of heterocyclic amines. The newly synthesized heterocyclic thioureas were investigated for their antimicrobial and anticancer...

Carotid sinus stimulation or the administration of cholinergic drugs are known to convert paroxysmal atrial tachycardia to normal sinus rhythm. In atrial flutter usually only a slowing of the ventricular response, due to decreased atrioventricular conduction, is obtained, while the atrial flutte...

ObjectiveTo study heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure (BP) and autonomic nervous (AN) effects of edrophonium–atropine combinations during neuromuscular blockade (NMB) antagonism in sheep.Experimental design Randomized, prospective and experimental study.

We examined the role of edrophonium in the acceleration phenomenon using mouse wild-type and mutant D74N AChE inhibited with 7-(O,O-diethyl-phosphinyloxy)-1-methyl-quinolinium methylsulfate (DEPQ). With DEPQ-inhibited wild-type mouse acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the reactivation kinetic profile ...

Background: The incidence of life-threatening complications from edrophonium chloride (Tensilon) testing for suspected myasthenia gravis is thought to be extremely low. We carried out a survey to determine the rate of serious complications from such testing.Methods: In April 1998, 357 physicians...

Edrophonium chloride (Tensilon), a short-acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, was given to 30 patients at various stages of digitalization. The results are similar to those reported with carotid sinus stimulation. Although slowing of the ventricular rate after edrophonium was most marked in pa...

The hemodynamic effects of a 10 mg bolus of edrophonium chloride followed by a continuous infusion of 0.25 to 1.0 mg per minute, were determined in unanesthetized patients with significant myocardial disease. The effect on heart rate of the drug was negated by studying a group of nine patients w...

Edrophonium chloride is a very short-acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor administered by the intravenous or intramuscular routes. It is primarily used in diagnostic tests for the confirmation of myasthenia gravis, and differentiating between the presence of a myasthenic or cholinergic crisis. ...

PurposeOveractive bladder, a highly prevalent disorder, is suspected of having a low detection rate due to the lack of sensitive diagnostic tools. Recent studies imply the involvement of the cholinergic system in the pathophysiological mechanism underlying overactive bladder. We determined wheth...

Edrophonium is a rapidly reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. It is most often used in diagnosis of the neuromuscular disease myasthenia gravis (i.e., the Tensilon test). It can also be used to reverse the effects of neuromuscular blocking agents typically used as an adjunct to general ane...

The paper concerns the synthesis of red acid dyes derived from γ-acid and containing one sulphonamide group in the dye molecule. These dyes are designed for dyeing polyamide and wool fibres from weakly acidic dyebaths. The dyes were examined in respect of their application, fastness and spectro...

Development of antivirals for dengue is now based on rational approach targeting the enzymes involved in its life cycle. Among the targets available for inhibition of dengue virus, non-structural protein NS2B–NS3 protease is considered as a promising target for the development of anti-dengue ag...