Glycyrrhizic acid (GL) and its deglycosylated metabolite glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) have been recognized as effective drugs for liver diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of GL and GA remains unclear. Here, CCl4 was used to induce the liver cirrhosis in rat, GL and GA both signifi...
Glycyrrhizic acid is derived from the licorice root. The compound is amphiphilic with a large hydrophobic aglycone group, and two glucuronic acids and a carboxyl group constituting the hydrophilic part. Therefore, glycyrrhizic acid can form aggregates or lower the surface tension of aqueous solu...
Dengue virus (DENV) is one of the most geographically distributed pathogenic flaviviruses transmitted by mosquitoes Aedes sps. In this study, the structure-antiviral activity relationships of Glycyrrhizic acid (GL) derivatives was evaluated by the inhibitory assays on the cytopathic effect (CPE)...
A comparative study of the actions of gitalin and digitalis was made in thirty-six ambulant patients with auricular fibrillation.Gitalin acts like digitalis in slowing the ventricular rate and relieving congestive heart failure in patients with auricular fibrillation.Gitalin parallels digitalis ...
Intravenous administration of gitalin, a glycoside of Digitalis purpurea, was studied in sixteen ambulatory patients with various degrees of congestive failure, and in four control subjects. Clinical and electrocardiographic observations are reported. Comparison with strophanthin, lanatoside C, ...
1.1. Gitalin was used successfully in the treatment of congestive heart failure of seventy-seven patients with an average age of 78.4 years.2.2. The initial gitalinizing dose in 155 trials ranged from 2.5 to 22.5 mg., averaging 7.0 mg. The daily maintenance dose ranged from 0.5 to 2.5 mg., avera...
(1) The literature on gitalin up to 1950 is briefly mentioned. Up to that time, the usefulness and existence of gitalin as a chemical entity was widely doubted. (2) In the early nineteen-fifties, Batterman stated that gitalin is inherently less toxic than other digitalis preparations. (3) Batter...
Gitalin, the water-soluble, amorphous mixture of glycosides extractable from Digitalis purpurea, was isolated by Kraft1 in 1912. Under the names of Gitalin-Kraft in Germany, Digisol in Holland, and verodigen in this country and abroad, this digitalis preparation had been subjected to considerabl...
The presence of glyceryl-aminoethylphosphonic acid has been demonstrated in the products of alkaline hydrolysis of Tetrahymena lipid and a pure cephalin fraction, consisting of phosphatidylethanolamine and its phosphonic analogue, in the molecular ratio of approx. 13:1, has been isolated from th...
A surface trough has been used to study protein/lipid interactions by a development of the Schulman-Rideal injection technique. From the adsorption isotherms obtained the structure of the complexes has been determined. The lipids used—distearin, dipalmitoyl cephalin, and distearoyl lecithin—we...
Quaternary ammonium surfactants are more active against Gram-positive organisms than against Gram-negative bacteria. This difference has been attributed to the presence of cephalin in the cell wall of the Gram-negative bacteria. This paper presents a review of previous in vivo work reported in t...
The following facts were confirmed by detailed investigations carried out in vitro on the phospholipid metabolism in rat liver.Lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) and cephalin (phosphatidylethanolamine) in mitochondria could be derived from microsomes through exchange.The degree of exchange was great...
A requirement for phospholipids in the activity of a number of membrane-bound enzymes is recognized; i.e., enzyme activity is reduced or lost entirely when the lipid is removed and is restored or increased when this specific lipid is added back to the system. In general, however, only the effect...
ABSTRACTA technique is developed for introducing Mossbauer labels into lipid systems. With the use of stannic chloride as a label the temperature dependences are studied for parameters of Mössbauer spectra of the cephalin+stannic chloride lipid system and of the corresponding model lipid-free sy...
The synthesis of dodecylethylene glycol-2-(2-trimethylammoniumethyl)phosphonate and dodecylethylene glycol-2-(2-aminoethyl)phosphonate is described. The ethylene glycol dodecyl ether phosphonate analogues of lecithin and cephalin were obtained by the direct esterification of ethylene glycol dode...
Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has been used to study the gradual hydration of films prepared from some ubiquitous phospholipids. The diacyl lecithins (PCs, DPPC and DOPC) and cephalins (PEs, DPPE and DOPE) are representative for compounds with saturated (palmitoyl) and unsaturat...
We probe the molecular dynamics and states of an avidin protein as it is captured and trapped in a voltage-biased cytolysin A nanopore using time-resolved single-molecule electrical conductance signals. The data for very large numbers of single-molecule events are analyzed and presented by a new...
Fundamental understanding of interactions at the interface of biological molecules, such as proteins, and nanomaterials is crucial for developing various biocompatible hybrid materials and biosensing platforms. Biosensors comprising of graphene-based conductive nanomaterials offer the advantage ...
Rational design of photoreagents with systematic modifications of their structures can provide valuable information for a better understanding of the protein photocleavage mechanism by these reagents. Variation of the length of the linker connecting the photoactive moiety with the protein anchor...
This paper reported a novel colorimetric assay strategy for avidin and biotin interactions based on terminal protection of the biotinylated single-stranded DNA and the surface plasmon resonance adsorption of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In this assay, it was firstly found that biotin-ssDNA specif...
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