The kinetic studies of hydroformylation of 1-butene to produce pentanal were investigated by using Rh/PPh3 complex as homogeneous catalyst, valeraldehyde and its polycondensates as solvent. The experiment was carried out on small hydroformylation continuous reaction installation. The effects of ...

Species time-history measurements provide important kinetics targets for the development and validation of detailed reaction models. Here, a multi-wavelength, multi-species laser absorption strategy is demonstrated that provides high-bandwidth species time-histories during 1-butene pyrolysis beh...

The reaction mechanism of isobutane/1-butene alkylation is very complicated. Many parallel and competitive reactions exist in the reaction system. Stringent mass and heat transfer is a key to achieve satisfied selectivity and yield for this exothermic and mass transfer controlling reaction proce...

A reduced kinetic mechanism was proposed for 1-butene based on direct relation graph related methods combined with species sensitivity analysis. At first step, sample points were identified along the temperature profiles, of which the net production rates were acquired to compute the importance ...

Rate-Controlled Constrained-Equilibrium (RCCE) is a model order reduction method which assumes that the non-equilibrium states of a system can be described by a sequence of constrained-equilibrium states subject to a small number of constraints. It can be used to predict ignition delay time with...

The goal of this work is to analyse the hydrate equilibria of methane + propane, i-butane and n-butane gas mixtures. Experimental hydrate equilibrium data was acquired for various compositions of these components in methane, ranging from 0.5 to 6.8 mol%. Applying this information with the Clausi...

In order to research kinetics properties of hydrogen-enriched n-butane mixtures, this study measured the ignition delay time of nC4H10/H2 mixtures in shock tube tests and time-resolved CO2 concentrations during combustion process by combining laser absorption diagnostics. The experimental data w...

Butane is an addictive volatile substance like toluene. We report three forensic autopsy cases of sudden death that occurred while sniffing n-butane and isobutane from portable gas cartridges. n-Butane and isobutane were detected in all three cases. In cases 1–3, n-butane concentrations in hear...

n-Butanal is a key intermediate formed during the low-temperature oxidation of hydrocarbons and is also a toxic pollutant during the high-temperature oxidation of biofuels. In this work, its low-temperature oxidation chemistry was studied over the temperature range of 500–900 K in a jet-stirred...

Butane is the smallest alkane with normal and branched isomers. To obtain insight into the effects of fuel structure and pressure on its intermediate-to-high temperature combustion chemistry, flow reactor pyrolysis and laminar burning velocities of the butane isomers were investigated at various...

The effect of hydrogen (H2) addition in the laminar burning velocity (LBV) of n-butane-air at elevated temperatures is described in this paper. For various equivalence ratios (ϕ), ranging from 0.7 to 1.3, LBV was measured for 20%, 40% and 60% H2 addition to n-butane using a preheated mesoscale d...

Compared with i-butane dehydrogenation over Ni-Sn/SiO2 catalyst, the conversion is higher for n-butane dehydrogenation, the selectivity to butenes is obviously lower, and the catalyst deactivates more rapidly. In order to clarify the difference, adsorption modes of n-butane and 1-butene along wi...

Vapor-phase and solution-phase infrared spectra (3800–400 cm−1) and liquid-phase Raman spectra (100–3400 cm−1) were obtained for 3-bromopropyne-1-d, D-CC-CH2-Br, and 1-bromopropadiene-1-d, CH2CCDBr. Complete vibrational assignments are made, and the method of preparation is given for bot...

Electrodeposition of Zn was performed in 1‑allyl‑3-methylimidazolium bromide (AMImBr) containing ZnBr2. The effects of the temperature and salt concentration on the morphology and composition of the electrodeposited Zn were observed and analyzed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy ...

Mechanisms and reaction channels of the allyl bromide (CH2CHCH2Br) with OH reaction are studied using quantum chemistry. It is predicted that the H(or Br)-abstraction and addition/elimination mechanisms have been revealed on potential energy surface (PES). Direct H-abstract from the CH2Br group ...

A 2-year inhalation rat and mouse cancer study by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) on 1-bromopropane, a brominated solvent most commonly used as a vapor degreaser, showed significant increase in tumors in the lung of female mice and in the large intestine of male and female rats. The most s...

Haloalkane dehalogenases catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of carbon–halogen bonds in a broad range of environmental pollutants such as aliphatic mono-, di-, and polyhalogenated alkanes. From the biotechnology point of view haloalkane dehalogenases attract attention because of many potential use...

1,2-Dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide; EDB) is a probable human carcinogen that was historically added to leaded gasoline as a scavenger to prevent the build-up of lead oxide deposits in engines. Studies indicate that EDB is present at thousands of past fuel spill sites above its stringent EPA M...

The effectiveness of selected simple ruthenium catalyst precursors, mainly [RuClH(CO)(PPh3)3] and {[RuCl2(p-cymene)]2}, in the solvent-free isomerization of a model allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) into a 1-propenyl derivative has been examined. The high throughput screening experiment method was adop...

In this study, poly (glycidyl methacrylate-co-styrene) (PGS) emulsions were synthesized through a free radical initiated emulsion polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and styrene. The PGS was characterized with FTIR, and investigated as a curing agent for soybean flour (SF)-based wood a...