The aim of the present study was to compare, in chloral-hydrate anaesthetized rats, the α2-adrenergic properties of the selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist, alnespirone (S-20499), with those of buspirone, a 5-HT1A receptor agonist exhibiting potent α2-adrenoceptor antagonist properties via its p...

The synthesis and characterisation of 16 optically active nitrogen ligands, namely, pyridinethiazolidones, pyridinethiazolines, pyridinimidazolines, Schiff bases and bipyridines, are described. These ligands are used as cocatalysts together with the procatalyst [Rh(COD)Cl]2 in the catalytic hydr...

While neonicotinoid insecticides impair visually guided behaviours, the effects of their metabolites are unknown and measurements of environmental concentrations of neonicotinoids, typically lower than those required to elicit toxic effects, tend to exclude metabolites. Here we examined the cont...

A well-known strategy for managing pest resistance is application of mixture of pesticides. Conventionally formulated pesticides have several environmental incompatibilities. The use of biocompatible and biodegradable nanocarriers in formulating pesticides could improve environmental protection....

Declines in honey bee populations represent a worldwide concern. The widespread use of neonicotinoid insecticides has been one of the factors linked to these declines. Sublethal doses of a neonicotinoid insecticide, imidacloprid, has been reported to cause olfactory learning deficits in honey be...

The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, is a destructive global crop pest. Control of A. gossypii has relied heavily on the application of chemical insecticides. The cotton aphid has developed resistance to numerous insecticides, including imidacloprid, which has been widely used to control cot...

The cotton and melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a polyphagous pest with a wide host range. The application of chemical insecticides has long been the most common method of controlling this pest. One of the management strategies of insect resistance with pesticides is...

Quercetin (QT) is a natural antioxidant materials that’s possesses different type of pharmacological activities. In the current study, the protective effect QT against imidacloprid (IMD)-induced toxicity in rats was studied. The experiment included thirty-six adult male rats groups treated with...

Imidacloprid is a widely used insecticide with high runoff potential posing a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems. In order to determine the spatial and temporal concentrations of imidacloprid in Forester Creek, a tributary to the San Diego River, surface water samples were collected from t...

Imidacloprid has been used to control one of most serious pests, Bemisia tabaci. However, B. tabaci has developed imidacloprid resistance mainly by over-expressing CYP6CM1. It was reported that imidacloprid-resistant B. tabaci showed no or low level of cross-resistance against dinotefuran. Here,...

Hippodamia variegata is one of the most abundant ladybird species in Greece, preying on several aphid species and other arthropods, of which many are pests of cultivated plants. Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, is commonly used for controlling sucking insects; at the same time, however...

4′-(4-{2-[6,7-Bis-dodecyloxy-3-(2-p-substituted phenyl-vinyl)-quinoxalin-2-yl]-vinyl}-phenyl)-[2,2′:6′,2″] terpyridine was prepared by the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons (HWE) reaction of 4-[2,2′:6′,2″]terpyridin-4′-yl-benzaldehyde and quinoxaline derivatives. The absorption and fluorescence ...

4′-(4-{2-[6,7-Bis-dodecyloxy-3-(2-substituted-phenyl-vinyl)-quinoxalin-2-yl]-vinyl}-phenyl)-[2,2′:6′,2″]terpyridine was prepared by the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction of 4-[2,2′:6′,2″]terpyridin-4′-yl-benzaldehyde with various quinoxaline derivatives. The absorption and fluorescence ...

Publisher SummaryThe indole Grignard reagents are widely employed as intermediates in synthetic work, mainly for the introduction of substituents into the 1- or 3- positions of the indole ring system. This chapter reviews comprehensively the chemistry of the indole Grignard reagents. The chapter...

The effects of three acid condensation products of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), i.e. 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), 5,6,11,12,17,18-hexahydrocyclonona[1,2-b:4,5-b:7,8-b]tri-indole (CTI) and 2,3-bis[3-indolylmethyl]indole (BII), on cytochrome P450 and phase II enzymes were studied in primary cultu...

The potency of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) to form condensation products under acidic aqueous conditions was studied. After identifying a known dimer, 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM), we elucidated the structures of two trimers also found in acid reaction mixtures: 5,6,11,12,17,18-hexahydrocyclonona[1,...

One pot synthesis and characterization of new 5-[2′-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-biphenyl-4-ylmethyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-thieno[3,2-c]pyridines (3a–k) using amides (2a–k) were reported. The prepared 5-[2′-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-biphenyl-4-ylmethyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-thieno[3,2-c]pyridine (3a) is a bioiso...

The N-alkylation of the sulfonamide moiety, in a group of arylsulfonamide derivatives of (aryloxy)ethyl piperidines, may be considered as a strategy for the design of selective 5-HT7 receptor ligands or multifunctional agents to extend a polypharmacological approach to the treatment of complex d...

Leukotrienes (LTs) and prostaglandin (PG)E2, produced by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1), respectively, are key players in inflammation, and pharmacological suppression of these lipid mediators (LM) represents a strategy to intervene with inflammatory d...

A novel series of 4-nitroindole sulfonamides containing a methyleneamino-N,N-dimethylformamidine were prepared. The binding of these compounds to 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C was evaluated, and most of the compounds showed IC50 values of less than 1 μM, and exhibited high selectivity for the 5-HT2C recept...