The thermal Chapman-type rearrangement of the pseudosaccharin 3-(methoxy)-1,2-benzisothiazole 1,1-dioxide (MBID) into 2-methyl-1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (MBIOD) was investigated on the basis of computational models and knowledge of the structure of the reactant and product in the ...
3-(Methoxy)-1,2-benzisothiazole 1,1-dioxide, a pseudosaccharyl ether, was long ago known to undergo a thermal Chapman-like [1,3′]-isomerization to the corresponding N-methyl pseudosaccharin at temperatures above its melting point (ca. 184 °C) [Hettler H., Tetrahedron Lett. 1968, 15, 1793]. In ...
A novel preparation protocol for synthetic, look-a-like humic substances (i.e., fulvic and humic acids) simulating geochemical processes through hydrothermal reaction is presented, with crude waste biomass as an omnipresent and universal precursor. The chemical nature of the organic scaffold and...
PurposeWe investigated the effects of the new K+ channel activator NS309, which acts on small and intermediate conductance Ca2+ activated K+ channels, on detrusor activity in normal rats.
Elevated [Ca2+]i in human red blood cells (RBCs) activates IK1 K+ channels leading to cell dehydration. NS309, a powerful IK1 agonist, has been shown to activate IK1 channels even at sub-physiological [Ca2+]i levels. An intriguing feature of this response is its all-or-none nature, with responsi...
We have identified and characterized the compound NS309 (6,7-dichloro-1H-indole-2,3-dione 3-oxime) as a potent activator of human Ca2+-activated K+ channels of SK and IK types, whereas it is devoid of effect on BK type channels. IK- and SK-channels have previously been reported to be activated b...
The retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-gamma-t (RORγt) is the master transcription factor responsible for regulating the development and function of T-helper 17 (Th17) cells, which are related to the pathology of several autoimmune disorders. Therefore, RORγt is an attractive drug ...
The benzonitriles dichlobenil, bromoxynil and ioxynil are important broad-spectrum or selective herbicides used in agriculture, orchards and public areas worldwide. The dichlobenil metabolite 2,6-dichlorobenzamide is the most frequently encountered groundwater contaminant in Denmark, which sugge...
The reduction mechanism of ioxynil (3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxy-benzonitrile), bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile) and chloroxynil (3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxybenzonitrile) was studied in dimethylsulfoxide by the electrochemical methods combined with FTIR spectroelectrochemical and GC/MS identifi...
For development of an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the nitrile herbicide bromoxynil, the polyclonal antibodies raised against 2,6-dibromo-4-cyano-phenoxyacetic acid (hapten) conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) by the N-hydroxysuccinimide-activated ester...
The electronic structures of herbicides atrazine and bromoxynil have been investigated by UV photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), quantum chemical calculations and comparison with X-ray diffraction, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies. Their electronic and molecular structures are disc...
A rapid immunochromatographic one-step strip test was developed to specifically determine bromoxynil in surface and drinking water by competitive inhibition with the nano colloidal gold-conjugated monoclonal antibody (mAb). Bromoxynil standard samples of 0.01–10 mg L−1 in water were tested by t...
A residue analytical method for the determination of bromoxynil in soil and maize was developed using high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) and high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS). The residual level and dissipation ...
Bromoxynil (BXN, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile) is a herbicide that is classified as a highly hazardous chemical, toxic for the reproduction. The processes and mechanisms regarding the fate of this compound in the environmental compartments subject to solar light are poorly documented. In th...
The photocatalysts of Cs doped bare TiO2, 0.50 and 1.0 wt% were prepared by wet-impregnation method and characterized by XRD, SEM-EDX, TEM, BET, ICP, FTIR, and UV-DRS analyses. The degradation of bromoxynil was investigated under visible irradiation with ozone to compare the efficiency of these ...
Weed management is a critical feature of all crop production, but especially for new and alternative crops with which most growers have little experience. Oilseed cuphea is a new annual crop for temperate regions and, at present, it is known to tolerate only a narrow spectrum of herbicides. Addi...
Bromoxynil is a widely used nitrile herbicide applied to maize and other cereals in many countries. To date, still little is known about bromoxynil turnover and the structural identity of bromoxynil non-extractable residues (NER) which are reported to occur in high amounts. Therefore, we investi...
The herbicide ioxynil (IOX) and synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) are common aquatic contaminants with an endocrine disrupting action. In juvenile teleost fish IOX and DES disrupt the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis. To assess how IOX and DES influence the developing HPT ax...
The association of suspected endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), diethylstilbestrol (DES), ioxynil and pentachlorophenol (PCP), with chicken serum proteins was investigated in relation to thyroid system disruption. All of these chemicals strongly inhibited l-[125I]thyroxine ([125I]T4) binding...
Publisher SummaryThis chapter provides the basic synthesis paths routes for the manufacture of ioxynil, with a listing of the main raw materials and intermediates used in the synthesis of ioxynil. Ioxynil is commercially known as Certrol, Actril, Totril, or Mylone, and it belongs to the halogena...
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