Methyl (E)-cinnamate is a specialized metabolite that occurs in a variety of land plants. In flowering plants, it is synthesized by cinnamic acid methyltransferase (CAMT) that belongs to the SABATH family. While rarely reported in bryophytes, methyl (E)-cinnamate is produced by some liverworts o...

An integrated production of methyl ester and ɛ-polylysine from Chlamydomonas sp. was studied using biorefinery approach. The harvesting efficiency of Chlamydomonas sp. was increased up to 92% by treatment with a flocculant FeCl3 at 100 mg/L for 30 min. The DMC (dimethyl carbonate) mediated enzym...

Immunoglobulin G autoantibodies selectively bind to senescent human red blood cells (RBC) in situ and initiate their removal by phagocytosis. In this paper, we characterize the IgG binding receptor appearing on senescent RBC using glycophorin-enriched vesicles prepared by Triton X-100 extraction...

Hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor, which may mediate the clearance of circulating thyroglobulin, is known to have a high affinity for GalNAc. Recently, the receptor has been reported to be present also in the thyroid, implicating interaction with thyroglobulin. Here, mammalian thyroglobulins w...

Benzyl 2-azido-2-deoxy-β-d-galactopyranoside was converted into benzyl 2-azido-4,6-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-β-d-galactopyranoside via benzylidenation, p-methoxybenzylation, acid hydrolysis, benzylation, and selective oxidation. Condensation of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-acetyl-β-d-galactopyranose with benzyl ...

Accumulation of bombyxin in the brain of Bombyx mori was examined throughout post-embryonic development. Immunohistochemically, four pairs of large dorsomedial neurosecretory cells of brain were shown to contain bombyxin throughout the stages from larval hatching to adult eclosion. The bombyxin ...

Immunocytochemistry was used to investigate the developmental expression of the insulin-like neuropeptide bombyxin in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. A mouse monoclonal antibody raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to bombyxin's A-chain N-terminus was used to localize a bom...

Bombyxin is a brain secretory peptide of the silkmoth Bombyx mori whose amino acid sequence shows considerable sequence homology with vertebrate insulin-family peptides. We found that a Bombyx cell line, named BM-N4, showed morphological changes when bombyxin was added to the culture medium at d...

Changes in the hemolymph bombyxin titer of the adult silkmoth Bombyx mori were investigated by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. Immediately after eclosion, hemolymph bombyxin titers were low in both males and females, and then increased steeply in males to a very high level and this high titer w...

Akt, a Ser/Thr protein kinase involved in insulin signaling, was identified from the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Bombyx Akt (BomAkt) is composed of 493 amino acid residues including regions conserved in other Akts: the Pleckstrin homology and kinase domains, and a dual phosphorylation site essential ...

Isolated brain-retrocerebral neurohemal complex of the silkworm of Bombyx mori was stimulated electrically and the released bombyxin (an insulin-like neuropeptide) was measured using time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. The amount of bombyxin release depended on the number of stimulus pulses deliver...

In the present study, we investigated the modulatory effects of ecdysteroidogenesis of prothoracic glands (PGs) by bombyxin, an endogenous insulin-like peptide in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The results showed that bombyxin stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis during a long-term incubation period and i...

Our previous study showed that phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β is related to the embryonic diapause process in Bombyx. However, the upstream signaling pathway was not clearly understood. In the present study, we examined bombyxin/Akt signaling in relation to the embryonic d...

5-(acylethynyl)uracils 4 were synthesized from 5-iodo-2,4-dimethoxypyrimidine 1 through a palladium-catalyzed reaction with acetylenic carbinols 5, subsequent oxidation with manganese dioxide in dichloromethane, demethylation with 6 N hydrochloric acid, followed by treatment with sodium hydroxid...

The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and FT-Raman of 9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy) methyl] guanine (9-2HEMG) have been recorded in the regions 4000–100 and 4000–400 cm−1, respectively. A complete assignment and analysis of the fundamental vibrational modes of the molecule were carried out. The observ...

SummaryThe dioxypyrimidine ring of 5,6-substituted 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]uracils is an extended ‘partial π system’ with ring distortion. PM3-MM+ geometry optimization suggested a lipophilic ‘butterfly-like’ orientation which was also found in other non-nucleoside inhibitors that intera...

The new metallophthalocyanine (Zn, Cu, Ni, Co) polymers containing 4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octakis(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2,8,14,20-tetramethylresorcinarene are described. Firstly, 4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octakis(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2,8,14,20-tetramethylresorcinarene compound (1) was synthesized by treating ...

[E]-6-(2-Acylvinyl)uracils and their corresponding 1-(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl derivatives were synthesized through palladium-catalyzed reactions which involved an interesting rearrangement. Some of the acylvinyl uracils (3, 4, and 5) and the acyclonucleosides (8 and 10) showed pronounced activity...

A compound with the title [Cu(C8H11N5O3)2(Cl)2(H2O)2] has been prepared from an aqueous solution of CuCl2 and 9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]guanine, acyclovir. The crystal structure has been determined by x-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 19.41...

The synthesis and SAR of a series of 6-chloro-4-fluoroalkylamino-2-heteroaryl-5-(substituted)phenylpyrimidines as anti-cancer agents are described. This series of 2-heteroarylpyrimidines was developed by modifying a series of anti-tumor [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and 2-cyanoaminopyrimidin...