Publisher SummaryThis chapter discusses the five-membered ring systems with O & N atoms such as Isoxazoles, Isoxazolines, Isoxazolidines, Oxazoles, Oxazolines, Oxazolidines, and Oxadiazoles. An efficient procedure for the synthesis of isoxazoles suitable for a multi-kilogram scale is shown in th...

A series of new 3-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl) phenyl]prop-2-en-1-ones were synthesized by the condensation of various acetophenones with 4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl) benzaldehyde which was itself prepared by the N-arylation of imidazole using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide as catalyst for the first time. ...

The antioxidant and inhibitory activities of glucuronic acid (GluA) and its synthesized 1-methoxyl-6-glucuronic acid hydroxamate (GluA-NHOH) against semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) were investigated. The scavenging activities of GluA-NHOH against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydra...

There are several reports that chondroitin sulfate containing K-type units [GlcA (3S)-GalNAc (4S)] exhibiting similar levels of neurite outgrowth promoting activities as CS having high amounts of B-, D- and E-type disulfated disaccharides. Although CS containing K-type units possess important bi...

Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been used in many applications such as pharmaceutical, clinical and cosmetics, so its separation and purification is very important. In this study, firstly d-glucuronic acid imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been synthesized for the separation of HA which has glucuronic aci...

D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA) is an important intermediate with numerous applications in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Its biological production routes which employ myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX) as the key enzyme are attractive. In this study, five diverse MIOX-encoding genes, ...

Enzymes in the respiratory chain are increasingly seen as potential targets against multi-drug resistance of human pathogens and cancerous cells. However, a detailed understanding of the mechanism and specificity determinants of known inhibitors is still lacking. Oligomycin, for example, has bee...

SummaryAn actinobacterial strain, HG29, with potent activity against pathogenic, toxigenic and phytopathogenic fungi was isolated from a Saharan soil sample of Algeria. On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the strain was classified in the genus Streptomyces. Analysis...

3,5-Dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (DHMBA), an antioxidant isolated from the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), was studied in a cell-based fluorometric antioxidant assay using human hepatocyte-derived cells (C3A) and diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine (DPPP) as a fluorescent probe. In comparison w...

Enantiomerically pure and racemic mixtures of β-chloroethylamines hydrochlorides with one and two stereogenic centres were used to synthesise 1,4-dialkyl-1,3-diimines, which in turn gave place to a series of imidazolium chlorides and tetraphenylborates bearing pendant N-β-chloroethyl substitue...

Ethylene oxide (EO), an industrial intermediate and gaseous sterilant for medical devices, is carcinogenic to humans, which warrants minimization of exposure in the workplaces. The principal analytical strategy currently used in biomonitoring of exposure to EO consists in the conversion of N-(2-...

Several parameters of chlorin e6 and its derivative chlorin e6 ethylenediamide have been investigated as these compound are potential sensitizers for photodynamic therapy. A study carried out to compare the cellular uptake of the pigments indicates that chlorin e6 ethylenediamide possesses an en...

We previously showed that 2,6-bis-(4-hydroxyl-3-methoxybenzylidine)cyclohexanone (BHMC), suppressed the synthesis of various proinflammatory mediators. In this study we explain the mechanism of action of BHMC in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced U937 monocytes and further show that BHMC prevents ...

ABSTRACT. The activation of different G protein subtypes by the rat adenosine A1 receptor initiated by stimulation with the full agonist 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA) and by six structurally distinct partial agonists of this receptor was investigated. Endogenous G protein α subunits i...

Down-regulation of multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mrp2), a major canalicular organic anion transporter, has been reported in various cholestatic models and in patients with cholestasis. In the present study, biliary excretion of taurolithocholate-sulfate and temocaprilat, substrates of Mrp2, wa...

A multicenter open study was performed to evaluate the hypotensive efficacy, safety, usefulness, and influence on quality of life of temocapril administered alone for 6 months. Sixty-two patients with essential hypertension, including 33 patients age 65 or older, were enrolled in the study. Of t...

The intestinal absorption mechanism of temocapril, an ester-type prodrug of temocaprilat, was evaluated using Caco-2 cell monolayers with or without active carboxylesterase (CES)-mediated hydrolysis. The inhibition of CES-mediated hydrolysis was achieved by pretreatment of the monolayers with bi...

The antibacterial potencies of 2a and 4 are shown to be diminished considerably from their penam analogues, penicillin G (1a) and mecillinam (3). Despite this, 2a is a substrate for bacterial β-lactamases, and compounds 6a, 8 and 10 were found to be β-lactamase inhibitors.Penicillin-binding pr...

The roles of oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) on both basal and estrogen-induced prolactin (PRL) secretion were examined. Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats that were ovariectomized for 3 weeks and received estrogen treatment for 1 week were used. Intravenous administration of hormones and seri...

Vinyl ethers and the title compound (BTF) form cyclobutanes via 1,4-dipoles which can be intercepted with ethanol or acetic acid. Cis- and trans-1-ethoxypropene react with BTF nonstereospecifically in agreement with a stepwise mechanism. 1,1-Dimethylbutadiene or allyltrimethylsilane undergo [2 +...