Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae), popularly known as “copaiba” or “pau d’óleo”, is a species of tree that is found throughout Brazil. The leaves of this tree are used in folk medicine to treat kidney stones. Galloylquinic acid derivatives and flavonoids are the mai...

A new polyphenol, 1,3-di-O-galloylquinic acid, and the known quinic acid gallates, 3-O-, 4-O-, 5-O-, 3,4-di-O-, 4,5-di-O-, 3,5-di-O-, 3,4,5-tri-O- and 1,3,4,5-tetra-O-galloylquinic acids were isolated from the galls of Guiera senegalensis.

Nine new methylated galloylquinic acids were isolated from an aqueous fraction of Copaifera langsdorffii (Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae) leaf hydroalcoholic extract (3–8, 11, 12, and 14), along with three known methylated galloylquinic acids (1, 2, and 15) and four galloylquinic acids (9, 10, 13, a...

Copaifera lucens n-butanolic fraction (BF) was used as a source of galloylquinic acids, and aerobically incubated with Aspergillus alliaceus ATCC10060, Aspergillus brasiliensis ATCC 16404, and Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 10028b cultures for 60 and 120 h. Out of the three studied filamentous fung...

Phenolic compounds in a series of old oolong teas prepared by baking annually were monitored and compared. The results showed that the relative content of gallic acid over 5-galloylquinic acid was subsequently elevated during this preparatory process. To reveal the effect was mainly resulted fro...

A concise high yielding enantioselective synthesis of (R)-N-Boc-2-hydroxymethylmorpholine, N-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)(R)-2-hydroxymethylmorpholine, and (R)-benzylmorpholine has been achieved by employing proline-catalyzed asymmetric α-aminooxylation of aldehyde and palladium-catalyzed intramolecula...

Designing an exceptional probe to detect minute quantities of melamine is of huge importance for the safety and health of the human race. In this study, an aquamarine blue and rapid fluorescent sensor was devised by chemical reduction synthesis method for highly selective and sensitive detection...

Kynureninase from Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pfkynase) catalyzes the pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) dependent hydrolytic cleavage of L-kynurenine to give anthranilate and L-alanine. Asp-132 and Asp-201 are located in the structure near the pyridine NH of the PLP, with Asp-201 forming a hydrogen bon...

The alcoholic depolymerization and Mannich reaction were conducted to improve the chemical activity of biorefinery technical lignins and introduce amino groups into lignins, respectively. To understand the chemical structural transformations and examine the reaction mechanism, GPC and solution-s...

To develop a novel lignin-based highly efficient nitrogen fertilizer, the amination of the biorefinery technical lignin was conducted by Mannich reaction synergy with phenolation pretreatment. Subsequently, the structural transformations of lignin samples and the reaction mechanism were investig...

A one-pot approach to the synthesis of 3-nitrothiophene and 3-nitro-2-substituted thiophenes has been developed. Exposure of 1,4-dithane-2,5-diol to nitroacetates or nitroalkenes in the presence of 25% triethylamine and subsequent treatment with molecular sieves and combinations of silica gel or...

A convenient route to the anti-HIV active compound, 9-(2,3-dideoxy-2-fluoro-β-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)adenine (1, β-FddA) started with the facile introduction of fluorine at C2′ from the α-side of protected 9-(β-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine (ara-A). Inversion of the stereochemistry at C2′ was...

High sensitivity (10−7 to 10−9 M) reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of adenine nucleosides and nucleotides, especially in a biological matrix, is difficult using only ultraviolet detection. Derivatization coupled with fluorescence detection has been investigat...

2′-β-Fluoro-2′,3′-dideoxyadenosine (F-ddA, lodenosine) is an experimental anti-AIDS drug currently being evaluated in a Phase I clinical trial. A simple and specific HPLC method with UV detection, suitable for use in clinical studies, has been developed to determine both F-ddA and its deamin...

A facile method for the synthesis of 3′-α-fluoro-2′,3′-dideoxyadenosine 6 has been developed. Fluorination of 5′-O-acetyl-3′-β-bromo-3′-deoxyadenosine 3 with MOST gave 2′-β-bromo-3′-α-fluoro-2′,3′-dideoxyadenosine 4 via a rearrangement of the 3′-β-bromine to the 2′-β position d...

Optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) was performed in Langmuir-Blodgett films of 4-octadecyl-4'-nitrostilbene (OANS). The linear and non-linear optical properties are dependent on the preparation, especially on the pH value of the aqueous subphase. In films drawn from a subphase at pH 1...

We have prepared Langmuir-Blodgett films of 4′-N,N-dimethylamino-4'-heptadecafluorooctylsulfonyl stilbene (PFSDS) and its bridged derivatives PFSDS-N34 and PFSDS-023, where the central double bond is rigidly bridged by a heteroatom. We have characterized their organization by Fourier trans...

To obtain quantitative information for the rational design of an orally active prodrug of cefotiam (7β-(2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl) acetamido)-3-(((1-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio)methyl)ceph-3-em-4-carboxyhc acid; CTM), 16 acyloxyliethyl esters of CTM were prepared and their oral bi...

(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetamide (HL) has been employed as a model compound for an orally active cephalosporin antibiotic, Cefdinir (CFDN). A binuclear copper(II) complex Cu2L4 (1) has been obtained from an aqueous solution containing CuCl2 and HL, and its...

A series of (2-aminothiazol-4-yl)methylester (5a–t) derivatives were synthesized in good yields and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectral and elemental analyses. The crystal structure of 5a was evidenced by X-ray diffraction study. The compounds were evaluated for their preliminary in...