Polymers of methyl-iso-propyl fumarate, di-iso-propyl fumarate, di-t-butyl fumarate, di-s-butyl fumarate, di-s-amyl fumarate and di-cyclo-hexyl fumarate were prepared by radical polymerization. The structures of the polymers were examined by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and WAXD. Some properties of the polym...

Fumarate esters with abstractable hydrogens were found to copolymerize via photoinitiation with a variety of electron donor monomers at a relatively rapid rate both in air and in nitrogen. In air, copolymerization rates of the dialkyl fumarates made from reaction of fumaric chloride with 1-metho...

The solid-state polymerization of several dialkyl fumarates (DAF) containing different side groups have been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Four free radical initiators were tested with seven DAF derivatives. The type of initiator was found to have a pronounced effec...

Radical copolymerisations of di-iso-propyl fumarate (DiPF) with di-n-propyl fumarate (DnPF), di-n-butyl fumarate (DnBF), di-n-amyl-fumarate (DnAF), di-n-heptyl fumarate (DnHF) and di-ethyl-hexyl fumarate (DEHF) were studied. The reactivity ratios for the following monomer pairs, DiPF/DnPF, DiPF/...

Human color vision is controlled by the red, green, and blue cone pigments. Their photo-absorption wavelengths spread uniquely over the three primary colors, although these pigments include common chromophore, retinal. In this study, molecular mechanism of color tuning in the cone pigments was c...

BackgroundTattoos have become increasingly common in the United States. Historically, tattoo inks were comprised of metallic pigments, which have the potential to cause allergic contact dermatitis. Data have been lacking on the current use of these pigments in tattoo ink.

The main goal of the paper is the optical and colorimetric characterization of the pigment mixtures realized with pure pigments of the principal artist's hues and white pigments through spectrophotometric analysis. This research work represents a first step in a methodology study aimed to t...

Materials in the full miscibility range of YInO3 – YMnO3 were prepared and compared to CI Pigment Blue 28 (CoAl2O4 spinel) industrial pigments. The materials were analyzed by XRD, UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy, SEM, Laser particle size analysis, and accelerated/outdoor weathering. The optimal compo...

The historical lead based pigments (XVII-XVIII century), the modern Ni,Sb-rutile (1939) and Pr-zircon (1961) yellow pigments as well as the novel yellow pigments based on Cr-scheelite and Mo-yttrium cerate pigments were synthesized and compared as semiconductors of high NIR reflectance (cool pig...

The absolute configuration of bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one has not been correlated with a crystal structure of a chemical precursor. The only chemical correlation available had an ambiguity, which could have reversed the assignment. Herein, we report the resolution of 2-chlorobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-...

New nucleoside analogues with an optically active bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane skeleton as sugar moiety and 6-substituted adenine were synthesized by alkylation of 6-chloropurine intermediate. Thymine and uracil analogs were synthesized by building the pyrimidine ring on amine 1. X-ray crystallography ...

An amine group was synthesized starting from an optically active bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane compound, which was then used to build the 5 atoms ring of a key 6-chloropurine intermediate. This was then reacted with ammonia and selected amines obtaining new adenine- and 6-substituted adenine conformatio...

A combination of an amino acid-derived chiral phosphine catalyst and methyl acrylate to catalyze the direct Mannich reaction of 3-substituted oxindoles and imines has been reported to afford 3-tetrasubstituted oxindole derivatives which are key structures for biological activities. The products ...

2-Pyrrolidinyl nitrones 1 and 2 derived from l-proline and trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline, respectively, undergo nucleophilic additions of Grignard reagents and organolithium compounds with high syn selectivity, to yield enantiomerically pure pyrrolidinyl benzyl hydroxylamines. A rationale for the ob...

A series of 2-(3-arylureido)pyridines and 2-(3-benzylureido)pyridines were synthesized and evaluated as potential modulators for amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The blocking activities of forty one small molecules against Aβ-induced mitocho...

New 3-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane derivatives were synthesized using a multicomponent reaction. Racemic compounds were efficiently resolved by kinetic resolution with immobilized lipase B of Candida antarctica (Novozym 435). The obtained compounds demonstrated greater binding affinity at D2L and D3...

Two melanocyte-stimulating hormone release inhibiting factor-1 (MIF-1) also known as l-prolyl-l-leucyl-glycinamide (PLG) peptidomimetic analogs, 3(R)-[[[2(S)-pyrrolidinyl]carbonyl]-amino]-3-(butyl)-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide trifluoroacetate (A) and 3(R)-[[[2(S)-pyrrolidinyl]carbonyl]amino]-3-...

Electrolysis of 1,3-diarylacetones with aliphatic amines in Bu4NI/CH3CN to racemic Favorskii amides via benzyl group rearrangement has been developed. The electroconversion is easily conducted in a simple undivided cell under constant-current conditions at room temperature. The electrocatalytic ...

Synthesis of drugs, biologically active compounds or their derivatives always requires precise and reliable method of their identification, including differentiation of the possible isomers. Pseudodistamines and their precursors became a matter of elevated attention due to their different enzyma...

Two methods for the efficient preparation of either enantiomer of the synthetically useful diamine N-methyl-1-phenyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethanamine are reported. Each of the methods starts from readily available materials (styrene oxide or phenylglycinol) and is simple, high yielding and shorter t...