Molecular mechanisms of the influence of flavonoids on the voltage gating of a single alpha-hemolysin channel in planar lipid membranes are studied. It is shown that the addition of flavonoids hydroxylated in position 5 of the A-ring and in position 4′ of the B-ring into bilayer bathing solutio...

In this work trans,trans-muconic acid was hydrogenated to adipic acid, a strategic intermediate for the industry of polyamides and high performance polymers. This study: (1) develops a new and robust analytical method for the evaluation of muconic acid conversion and adipic acid selectivity, (2)...

A new approach for the synthesis of fluorinated 1H-quinazolin-4-ones and 4-substituted quinazolines has been developed. 6-Fluoro-1H-quinazolin-4-ones were obtained by intramolecular cyclization of fluorine-containing S-ethyl N-benzoylisothioureas. Nucleophilic substitution reactions at positions...

SummaryEvidence was sought to help substantiate the hypothesis of a root-shoot interlinked gibberellin biosynthetic pathway in light-grown seedlings of Phaseolus coccineus. Application of [3H]-gibberellin A20 to apical buds of seedlings of P. coccineus resulted in negligible transport of this co...

Gibberellin A20-13-O-glucoside (GA20-13-O-Glc) and GA8-2-O-Glc were identified by GC-MS as permethylated derivatives in mature grains of both barley varieties Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Himalaya and cv. Salome.Changes of the pool size of these GA conjugates together with those of the parent GA20 and...

The A20/AN1 zinc-finger proteins (ZFPs) play pivotal roles in animal immune responses and plant stress responses. From previous gibberellin (GA) microarray data and A20/AN1 ZFP family member association, we chose Oryza sativa dwarf rice with overexpression of gibberellin-induced gene (OsDOG) to ...

BackgroundSelective inhibitors of human urate transporter 1 (hURAT1) are considered to be effective treatment for hyperuricemia and gout, which can reduce the reabsorption of more than 90% of uric acid in the proximal tubule of the kidney. We aimed to design and synthesize a more potent hURAT1 b...

Hyperuricemia occurs with increasing frequency among patients with hyperparathyroidism. However, the molecular mechanism by which the serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) affects serum urate levels remains unknown. This was studied in uremic rats with secondary hyperparathyroidism where serum urate l...

BackgroundEpidemiological, laboratory and clinical studies have established an association between elevated urate and high blood pressure (BP). However, the inference of causality remains controversial. A naturally occurring antioxidant, urate may also be neuroprotective, and urate-elevating tre...

BackgroundRhizoma smilacis glabrae (RSG, tufuling) has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for deoxidation, dampness relief, and easing joint movement. The chemical composition of RSG has been systematically confirmed, and some of its compounds have been revealed to possess antioxid...

The ionic iridium complexes, [Ir(ppy)2(EP-Imid)]PF6 (Complex 1) and [Ir(dfppy)2(EP-Imid)]PF6 (Complex 2) are used as the light-emitting material for the fabrication of light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs). These complexes have been synthesized, employing 2-(4-ethyl-2-pyridyl)-1H-imidazole...

Di-t-butyltin oxide (t-Bu2SnO)3 and di-t-amyltin oxide (t-Am2SnO)3 were synthesized by hydrolysis of the diorganotin dichlorides. Their molecular and crystal structures were investigated by X-ray diffraction techniques and vibrational spectroscopy. Both compounds form isolated molecules with pla...

The stoichiometry and structure of phosphine and phosphine oxide adducts of Ph3SnCl, R2SnCl2 (R=Et, Pr, Bu, t-Bu, and Ph), and RSnCl3 (R=Bu and Ph) were studied with Sn-119 spectroscopy. The shift of the Sn-119 resonance to a lower frequency upon adduct formation, the multiplicity of the resonan...

Acrylic pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) with higher thermal stability for thin wafer handling were successfully prepared by forming composite with the graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles modified to have vinyl groups via subsequent reaction with isophorone diisocyanate and 2-hydroxyethyl metha...

Bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide quickly reacts with chromatographic silica gel even when a solution of this oxide is filtered through silica gel, which results in stannylation of a fraction of the surface hydroxyl groups of silica gel to give n-Bu3SnOSi° moieties. The calculated surface density of th...

The antibiotic oligomycin is known to inhibit mitochondrial F-type ATP synthases. The antibiotic inhibits both ATP synthesis and hydrolysis by blocking the H+ translocation through FO which is coupled to the catalytic activity of F1. The amphiphilic organotin tri-n-butyltin (TBT), a known mitoch...

Tributyltin oxide (TBTO) is an organotin compound that is widely used as a biocide in agriculture and as an antifouling agent in paints. TBTO is toxic for many cell types, particularly immune cells. The present study aimed to identify the effects of TBTO on the human T lymphocyte cell line Jurka...

t-Butoxyl radicals react with di-n-butyl-t-butyltin chloride to show the ESR spectrum of the n-butyl rather than the t-butyl radical. Cumyloxyl radicals behave similarly, but trimethylsiloxyl and benzoyloxyl radicals react to give both n-butyl and t-butyl radicals. The unexpected preferential fo...

Poly(diisopropyl fumarate) (poly(DiPF)) was prepared by radical polymerization in bulk or in benzene with an azo initiator at 60°C, and fractionated with tetrahydrofuran (THF) or methanol as the solvent and water as the non-solvent. The selected nine fractions with a relatively narrow molecular...

Six dialkyl fumarates were pyrolyzed and their rate of gas-phase thermolysis was measured in the range 400–680 K. The activation energy for each fumarate was calculated. Product analysis using NMR, FT-IR and on-line GC/MS was used to propose a mechanism for the pyrolysis.