Mixed models were used to study feeding melengestrol acetate (MGA) to feedlot heifers implanted with an estrogenic compound (EST), trenbolone acetate (TBA), or the combination of EST and TBA. One hundred one treatment means from 18 research trials were included in the analyses. Estrogenic implan...

In aquatic systems, the presence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) can disrupt the reproductive function but also the immune system of wildlife. Some studies have investigated the effects of androgens on the fish immune parameters but the mechanisms by which the xenoandrogens alter the imm...

Chlorine disinfection is an effective means for managing microbiological activity during drinking water treatment and can eliminate a number of known organic contaminants. Trenbolone is an androgenic steroidal hormone used primarily as a growth stimulant in the animal feedstock industry and has ...

Trenbolone, as a growth promoter in animal agriculture, has become an environmental androgen in surface water. Here, we aimed to reveal the effects of 17β-trenbolone on survival, growth, and gonadal differentiation in the frog Pelophylax nigromaculatus, which is widespread in East Asia and unde...

Trenbolone acetate, a synthetic androgen, has been used as a growth promoter in beef cattle in the US since 1987. While several teleost studies have investigated the masculinization effects of the metabolite 17β-trenbolone, few have focused on the reproductive impacts of all three trenbolone ac...

Despite a growing literature highlighting the potential impact of human-induced environmental change on mechanisms of sexual selection, relatively little is known about the effects of chemical pollutants on male-male competition. One class of environmental pollutant likely to impact male competi...

Trenbolone acetate (TBA) is a synthetic anabolic steroidal growth factor that is used for rapid muscle development in cattle. The absorbed TBA is hydrolyzed to the active form, 17β-trenbolone (17 TB; 17β-hydroxy-estra-4,9,11-trien-3-one) in meat and milk products, which can cause adverse healt...

Biotransformation of trenbolone acetate metabolites and estrogens derived from animal feeding operations in soils, waste storage systems, and in land applied manure has been well characterized. Yet recent data demonstrate potential for steroid transport into the environment directly from feedyar...

Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to neurodegenerative disorders. In a large number of neurodegenerative diseases (for example, Alzheimer's disease (AD)), patients do not carry the mutant genes. Other risk factors, for example the environmental factors, should be evaluated. ...

Hormonal growth promoters (HGPs), widely used in beef cattle production globally, make their way into the environment as agricultural effluent—with potential impacts on aquatic ecosystems. One HPG of particular concern is 17β-trenbolone, which is persistent in freshwater habitats and can affec...

Here, we developed a novel and sensitive method for the detection and quantification of metastable trenbolone and altrenogest photoproducts in agricultural receiving waters based on solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Primary method analyt...

Reaction of propargylaldehyde diethyl acetals 1, 2, 3, and 4 and 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-O-trimethylsilyl-β-d-glucopyranose 5a in the presence of catalytic amounts of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate at −78°C gives the acetylated acetal-β-glucosides 6–9 in 60–90% yield with retenti...

Phosphoramide mustard (PM) is an ovotoxic metabolite of cyclophosphamide. Postnatal day 4 Fisher 344 rat ovaries were exposed to vehicle control (1% DMSO) or PM (60 μM) ± LY294002 or rapamycin for 2 or 4 d. Transmission election microscopy revealed abnormally large golgi apparatus and electron...

Two fluorescent cyclic phosphoramides, 1,3-dihydronaphtho[1,8-cd][1,2,6]phosphdiazine-2-oxide-(2-bis(2-chloroethyl)amide) (1) and 2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-anthra[1,2-d][1,3,2]diazaphosphole-6,11-dione-2[N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)]amide (2) were synthesized and characterized using standard analytical tec...

Dimethyl(phenylethynyl)gallium and dimethyl(phenylethynyl)indium have been prepared and are dimeric. They are considered to be associated through the phenylethynyl groups. Bis(phenylethynyl)zinc, bis(phenylethynyl)cadmium, dioctynylzinc, and dioctynylcadmium appear to be polymeric.

Mast cells play crucial roles in the initiation of allergic inflammatory responses by releasing various mediators such as histamines, cytokines, and leukotrienes. In addition, signaling cascade pathways, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, contribute to the regulation of...

Anew series of 5-[[2-(ω-carboxyalkoxy)aryl]methylene]-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidine derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for their potency as aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs). Their activities were examined in terms of their inhibitory effect on rat lens aldose reductase in vitro and in ter...

A series of prolyl-1-piperazinylacetic acid and prolyl-4-piperidinylacetic acid derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their activity as VLA-4 antagonists. Of 22 compounds synthesized, 19 compounds showed potent activity with low nanomolar IC50 values. In addition, the representative com...

Reaction of [(η5-C5Me5)2ZrMe][MeB(C6F5)3] (1) with (thio)ether functionalised alkenes: 3-ethoxy-1-propene and 3-(methylthio)-1-propene gives stable insertion products [(η5-C5Me5)2ZrCH2CH(Me)CH2XR][MeB(C6F5)3] (2: X=O, R=Et; 3: X=S, R=Me) in which the (thio)ether function is intramolecularly co...

The Raman and infrared spectra of solid 5-amino-4-cyano-3-(methylthio)-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide (AMPC, C6H7N5S2) were measured in the spectral range of 3700–100 cm−1 and 4000–200 cm−1 with a resolution of 4 and 0.5 cm−1, respectively. Aided by normal coordinate analysis and potential energ...