Control of the morphology of carbonate crystals plays an indispensable role in mineralization process. We investigated the relationship between HPMC concentration and different molar ratios of Mg/Ca on the carbonate crystallization by monitoring crystal polymorph, crystal size, and morphology. I...

A series of functionalized quaternary ammonium salt ionic liquids (FQAILs) with different functional groups, such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, ether group, and amino, were prepared and used as a catalyst for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate from transesterification of glycerol and dimethyl carbonat...

Molten alkali carbonates (MC) pyrolysis technology is proposed to dispose digestate waste and convert it into high value-added phenolics in this work. The results showed that temperature strongly affected phenolic production by promoting the depolymerization of lignin, while particle size had le...

Propyl gallate (propyl 3, 4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate; PG) was introduced as a new type of collector for diasporic bauxite flotation. The flotation performance of PG for diaspore and kaolinite was evaluated by comparing PG with sodium oleate (NaOl) as a typical collector through micro flotation test...

The reactivity of (2S,3S)-N1-methyl-2-hydroxy-3-methylamino-3-phenylpropanamide 1, containing three nucleophilic centres has been studied against dihaloalkanes and aldehydes. Hexahydro-4-pyrimidinones or oxazolidines were obtained chemoselectively. Experimental results were explained by ‘ab ini...

Here, we report a convenient access to diastereoselective synthesis of polysubstituted pyrrolidines bearing a unique spiro quaternary center at the C-2 position and another quaternary center at C-4. The synthesis system, CuII/P, N-Ligand-catalyzed 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition, by employing homoser...

An efficient method for the cross-coupling reactions of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine compounds 1 was developed. Cu(OTf)2 catalyzed C–C bond forming reactions using substrates 1 with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in chloroform, providing the corresponding compounds of 2-oxo-1-pyr...

Chiral diamines, 2-(anilinophenylmethyl)pyrrolidines and 2-(anilinodiphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine, were prepared from N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine or (S)-proline as a starting material, respectively. These chiral diamines were efficient for the catalytic enantioselective borane reduction of ac...

A series of N-[(4-arylpiperazin-1-yl)-methyl] derivatives of 3-arylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione and 2-aza-spiro[4.4]nonane-1,3-dione were synthesized and tested for anticonvulsant activity in the maximum electroshock seizure (MES) and metrazole seizure threshold (sc.MET) tests. The most potent in the s...

The (2R,4R,5S)- and (2S,4S,5R)-enantiomers of 4-(tert-butyl) 2-methyl 5-(4-bromophenyl)-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate 3 were synthesized efficiently with an ee of >90% on a gram scale using a FAM-catalytic methodology. Subsequent modification afforded enantiopure N-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)acetyl p...

As an important member of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (Mcl-1) protein is an attractive target for cancer therapy. In this study, a new series of pyrrolidine derivatives as Mcl-1 inhibitors were developed by mainly modifying the amino acid side chain of compound...

A small library of spirooxindole-pyrrolidine hybrids have been synthesized for the first time in an ionic liquid, [bmim]Br in good to excellent yields employing a new class of non-stabilized azomethine ylides derived from isatin and tyrosine, a combination that has been rarely employed for the i...

5-Acetyl-6-methyl-4-aryl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones 1–43 were synthesized in a “one-pot” three component reaction and structurally characterized by various spectroscopic techniques such as 1H, 13C NMR, EI-MS, HREI-MS, and IR. All compounds were evaluated for their in vitro urease inhibit...

Antiproliferative effects of 15 sulfides were investigated in human leukemia Jurkat cells. Treatment with 5–50 μM of nine monosulfides and two linear disulfides did not induce DNA fragmentation. Whereas, furan-containing sulfur flavors including methyl 2-methyl-3-furyl disulfide (MMFDS), bis (...

Anthraquinones and anthrones are the main active components of rhubarb. To investigate the metabolism and possible mutual biotransformations pathways of anthraquinones and anthrones by human intestinal flora, 9 representative constituents (aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, senn...

The anthraquinones endocrocin and emodin are synthesized by a special class of type I NR-PKSs and a discrete MβL-TE. In this work, we first reconstituted a biosynthetic pathway of endocrocin and emodin in S. cerevisiae by combining enzymes from different sources. We functionally characterized a...

Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is a key candidate susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. It is reported that the function of NRG1 can be regulated by cleavage via the β-Secretase (BACE1), particularly during early development. While current knowledge suggested that schizophrenia might have different pheno...

The enzyme β-secretase-1 is responsible for the cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein, a vital step in the process of the formation of amyloid-β peptides which are known to lead to neurodegeneration causing Alzheimer’s disease. Challenges associated with toxicity and blood brain permeatio...

Dysregulation of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) processing leading to toxic species of amyloid β peptides (Aβ) is central to Alzheimer's disease (AD) etiology. Aβ peptides are produced by sequential cleavage of APP by β-secretase (BACE-1) and γ-secretase. Lysosomotropic agent, chl...

Amyloid-β (Aβ) is generated by proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by beta-secretase (BACE-1) and gamma-secretase. Amyloid-β is responsible for the formation of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Consequently, inhibition of β-secretase (BACE-1), a rate-lim...