The course of the reaction between N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO, 1a) and cyanuric chloride (2) is strictly dependent on the hydrate water content of the amine oxide. In solid phase, both substances undergo an explosion-like, extremely exothermic reaction. In solution, this process becomes co...

Two carbenium-iminium ions, an exo-centered species 2 and a ring-centered form 3, are derived from the widely used oxidant and cellulose solvent N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (1) by heterolytic degradation. 3 rearranges into 2 in the presence of water, in an endothermic, bimolecular reaction involv...

A comprehensive thermodynamic model has been developed for calculating phase equilibria and speciation in aqueous mixtures containing neutralizing amines and corresponding amine hydrochlorides. The model has been designed to simulate the behavior of refinery overhead environments, in which the p...

Ethylamine hydroxyethyl chitosan (EHC), a novel chitosan derivative which is soluble in aqueous N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) and antibacterial to Escherichia coli (E. coli) was synthesized. The structure, solubility and antibacterial capability of EHC were investigated. Results demonstrated...

N-Methylmorpholine betaine hydrochloride (MMB·HCl) forms a 3:2 inclusion compound with acetonitrile. The crystal structure of the compound has been determined at 100 K from a twinned crystal to be trigonal with the space group P3; a=b=16.767(2), c=6.996(1)Å,γ=120°. The host framework is cons...

Several 1:1 and 2:1 complexes of N-methylmorpholine betaine (MMB, N-(carboxymethyl)– N-methylmorpholinium inner salt) with HCl, HBr, HNO3, HBF4, HI and HClO4 were synthesized and their FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectra were investigated. In the 1:1 complexes, MMB·HX, a proton is transferred from th...

Rat hepatocyte cultures have higher rates of β-oxidation of palmitate and lower rates of esterification to glycerolipid than human or guinea pig hepatocytes. The R-enantiomer of etomoxir (sodium 2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)hexyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate), a hypoglycaemic compound and inhibitor of carnit...

An asymmetric synthesis of etomoxir 1, involving bromolactonization by using (S)-(−)-proline as a chiral auxiliary, is reported.

Formal syntheses of R-etomoxir and R-palmoxirate are described utilizing 6a and 6b as key chiral intermediates.

An asymmetric synthesis of (R)-(+)-etomoxir 3, employing enzymatic resolution of ethyl 2-alkyl-2,3-dihydroxypropionate using Amano AK via transacylation is reported.

In this work, the vibrational spectral analysis is carried out by using FTIR spectroscopy in the range 4000–400 cm−1 (Z)-5-(4-nitrobenzyliden)-3-N(2-ethoxyphenyl)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one (ARNO) molecule. Theoretical calculations were performed by using density functional theory (DFT) method ...

The interaction between N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-N′-(4-antipyrinyl) thiourea (EPAT) and human serum albumin (HSA) was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with UV absorption spectroscopy. The intrinsic fluorescence of human serum albumin was quenched by EPAT through a static quenching ...

Substituted cyclopenta[b]quinolin-1-ones were prepared by thermal ring-expansion of substituted N-Boc protected 4-(2-aminophenylethynyl)-4-hydroxy-2-cyclobuten-1-ones forming the corresponding 2-aminophenylmethylidene substituted 4-cyclopentene-1,3-diones. Deprotection of the amine resulted in s...

SCD1 is a rate-limiting enzyme in the conversion of saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids. SCD1 inhibitors have potential effects on obesity, diabetes, acne, and cancer, but the adverse effects associated with SCD1 inhibition in the skin and eyelids are impediments to clinical dev...

Palladium-catalysed carbonylation reactions have been developed in the presence of formic acid as carbon monoxide source. α,β-Unsaturated carboxylic acids and esters were synthesized by the transformation of alkenyl halides in moderate to good yields. The selection of the base proved to be cru...

Benzodiazepines are the standard drugs for the treatment of anxiety, but their undesirable side effects make it necessary to develop new anxiolytic drugs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible anxiolytic-simile effect of synthetic chalcone N-{(4′-[(E)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(ph...

An unprecedented diasterospecific synthesis of (E)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(1H-indol-1-yl)-4-styrylazetidin-2-one (3) from Staudinger [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between (E)-4-fluoro-N-((E)-3-phenylallylidene)aniline (1) and indole ketene is herein described. The single crystal X-ray structure c...

BackgroundMajor international guidelines do not offer explicit recommendations on any specific angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) agent over another within the same drug group. This study compared the effectiveness of lisinopril vs. perindopril in reducing the incidence of hospital a...

A sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of lisinopril (LIS) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in human plasma using their labeled internal standards (ISs). Sample pre-treatment involved solid phase...

ObjectiveLisinopril is the drug of choice in hypertension. Bioavailability of the drug is 25% of orally administered dose. An attempt was made to provide safe medicine meeting pharmacokinetics requirement of plasma concentration by formulating a sublingual tablet of Lisinopril. The Objective of ...