Mediators play a central role in Catellani-type reactions. Herein we reported the discovery of inexpensive 5-norbornene-2-carboxylic acid (N4) as a general catalytic mediator (20 mol%) to facilitate ortho C–H activation and the following C–C bond formation of aryl iodides. Firstly, a cooperati...

Rho-associated serine/threonine kinases (ROCKs) are principal regulators of the actin cytoskeleton that regulate the contractility, shape, motility, and invasion of cells. We explored the relationships between structure and anti-ROCK2 activity in a group of purine derivatives substituted at the ...

BackgroundEnvironmental pollutants, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), are common surfactants in various consumer products. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the association of diabetic kidney diseases with PFOA and PFOS. However, mechanisms of metabolic ...

The development of a simple, portable and accurate instrument used in the evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity is particularly important and urgent in the field of toxicology research at present. In the current study, a miniature electrochemical detection system was constructed that integrated gr...

The purine contents of animal foods are becoming widely concerned because excess intake of purine increases the risk of hyperuricemia and gout. In this study, we investigated the impacts of breed, tissue and sex on pork purine content and its correlations with multiple meat quality traits. Among...

Compartmentalization is vital for biological systems at multiple levels, including biochemical reactions in metabolism. Organelle-based compartments such as mitochondria and peroxisomes sequester the responsible enzymes and increase the efficiency of metabolism while simultaneously protecting th...

Purine bases and nucleosides are produced by turnover of nucleotides and nucleic acids as well as from some cellular metabolic pathways. Adenosine released from the S-adenosyl-L-methionine cycle is linked to many methyltransferase reactions, such as the biosynthesis of caffeine and glycine betai...

We analyzed purine nucleotides in oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) and nucleobase residues acid-hydrolyzed ODN at nanomolar concentrations in few tens of microliters of solution at commercially available unmodified graphite pencil electrodes, screen printed graphite electrodes (SPGEs) and SPGEs modif...

Electron structures of the fused rings in 7H and 9H tautomers of purine and adenine follow the 4N + 2 rule; the values of pEDA, HOMA, NICS and FLU indices document their aromatic character. In the 1H and 3H tautomers, these rings contain five or seven π electrons, hence they do not follow this ...

Hormesis is a dose-response relationship phenomenon characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition. Although hormetic phenomena have been reported in broadly ranging biological areas, there is still no unified mechanism of hormesis. Investigating multiple-species hormesis of one ...

Prenyl indole alkaloids constitute a diverse class of natural products with complex chemical structures and potent biological activities. Investigation of the growth medium EtOAc extract produced by the endophytic fungus Aspergillus terreus P63 collected from roots of the grass Axonopus leptosta...

A simple and efficient one-pot two-step synthesis of substituted 3-aminoarylquinolines has been achieved from 2-nitrobenzaldehyde and indoles under microwave irradiation. Firstly 2-nitrobenzaldehydes is reduced to 2-aminobenzaldehyde in situ by commonly used chemo selective reductant SnCl2 follo...

Burkholderia sp. IDO3 is an indole-degrading bacterium isolated from activated sludge. A previous genomic clone library assay identified an iif1 gene cluster for indole metabolism in strain IDO3. To further explore the underlying indole degradation mechanisms, the complete genome of strain IDO3 ...

Five previously undescribed monoterpenoid indole alkaloids were isolated from the roots of Gelsemium elegans. Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated by HRESIMS, X-ray diffraction, ECD spectra, and molecular modeling. 19,20-Epoxyhumantenine is a humantenine-type alkaloid wi...

Indole is a versatile pharmacophore, a privileged scaffold and an outstanding heterocyclic compound with wide ranges of pharmacological activities due to different mechanisms of action. It is an superlative moiety in drug discovery with the sole property of resembling different structures of the...

Substituted indole scaffolds are often utilized in medicinal chemistry as they regularly possess significant pharmacological activity. Therefore the development of simple, inexpensive and efficient methods for alkylating the indole heterocycle continues to be an active research area. Reported ar...

The reactions of N,N′-bis(salicylidene)propane-1,3-diamine (salpropH2) and its substituted derivatives with Ga(acac)3 afforded the complexes [Ga(acac)(salprop)]·0.5H2O (1), [Ga(acac)(5Clsalprop)] (2), [Ga(acac)(5Brsalprop)] (3), [Ga(acac)(5NO2salprop)] (4) and [Ga(acac)(5Mesalprop)] (5), in hi...

Understanding the formation of bile acid micellar aggregates is of great importance due to its wide biological and pharmacological applications. In this paper, we study the fluorescence properties of Schiff base-N,N/-bis(salicylidene) trans 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (H2L) to understand micelle form...

A sensitive and selective copper(II) fluorescence Schiff base chemical sensor receptor 1 (short for N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine) has been prepared. The fluorescence of receptor 1 in pH 8.2 phosphate buffer solution can be dramatically quenched by Cu2+, whereas it is nearly unaffec...

A new excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanism of N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-p-phenylenediamine (p-BSP) including the single and double ESIPT processes has been proposed using the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) method, which was clearly different from the one...