Propylene glycol ethers (PGEs) are comprised of mono-, di- and tri-PGEs and several of their acetate esters. The nature of the range of applications that use PGEs suggests that there is a potential for both intentional and unintentional entry of the materials into the environment. Selected physi...

Mesoporous SBA-15 molecular sieves with different pore sizes were obtained using n-hexane as a micelle expander and NH4NO3 as structure adjuvant and used as support materials. The -SO3H immobilized environmentally Brӧnsted acidic ionic liquids were synthesized. Supported ionic liquids acid catal...

This chapter describes the pyrolysis of ethers with short carbon chains (dimethyl ether, diethyl ether), other aliphatic ethers, unsaturated ethers, and aromatic ethers such as diphenyl ether, diphenyl ether-type herbicides, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. It also presents pyrolysis of ether...

The identification and development of conductive electrolytes with high concentrations of redox active species is key to realizing energy-dense nonaqueous flow batteries. Herein, we explore the use of ether solvents (1,3-dioxolane (DOL), 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), diethylene glycol dimethyl ethe...

The importance of β-lactams as synthetic building blocks has been widely recognized in organic synthesis due to possible ring cleavage at any of the four single bonds of the β-lactam ring. We now report reactions involving breaking of the N1–C4 bond in differently substituted at C3 4,4-bis(me...

A series of N′-phenyl-N-hydroxyureas has been prepared by reacting hydroxylamine with aromatic isocyanates. These compounds were investigated as inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs, EC 4.2.1.1), considering four physiologically relevant isoforms, the cytosolic isoforms hCA I and II, a...

The photophysics of 2-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio) phenyl]-2-(4-morpholinyl)-1-propanone TPMK, compared to that of two reference compounds (2-methyl-1-phenyl-2-(4-morpholinyl)-1-propanone and 1-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-ethanone), was studied by means of absorption spectroscopy, phosphorescence and tim...

A novel method for the synthesis of 3,4-diferrocenyl-2-methylthio-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]-1,4-oxazepin-3-ols 7a-e (23-30%), 3,4-diferrocenylquinolin-8-ols 8b-d (9-16%), 1-E-2,3-diferrocenyl-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylthio-4-aza-1,3-dienes 9a-e (24-30%), cis-/trans-2,3-diferrocenyl-3-methylthioacrol...

A series of (R)-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxamide derivatives containing a sulfur ether moiety were synthesized and characterized on the basis of NMR and elemental analysis (EA). The crystal structure of (R)-N-(2-methyl-1-(methylthio)propan-2-yl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-...

The Mitsunobu reaction of flavonoids and 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranose or 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranose is a very effective method for the stereoselective synthesis of flavonoid 2-deoxyglucosides. Since there is no C2 substituent on the sugar moieties, the observed α- ...

Stereoselective and efficient synthesis of respective aminocyclitol moieties 1a and 2a of trehazolin and trehalostatin as hexaacetates 1b and 2b using ring-closing enyne metathesis as the key reaction is described.

In addition to its actions outside the cell, cellular uptake and nuclear import of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) has been recognized for almost two decades, but knowledge of its nuclear actions has been slow to emerge. IGFBP-3 has a functional nuclear localization signal...

Exposure to environmental contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), life style and nutritional status of a population are important factors that may influence normal serum levels of antioxidants and the insulin-like growth factor system. In this study we examined serum levels...

A hallmark of mammary cell differentiation is the induction of β-casein mRNA expression. A mouse mammary epithelial cell line (COMMA-1D) was treated with insulin, hydrocortisone (HC), and prolactin (Prl) at concentrations (50, 500, and 20 ng/ml, respectively) that resulted in less than half-max...

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling greatly impacts the development and growth of the central nervous system (CNS). IGF-I and IGF-II, two ligands of the IGF system, exert a wide variety of actions both during development and in adulthood, promoting the survival and proliferation of neural...

The Type I insulin-like growth factor receptor is a physiological receptor for insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II). To characterize the molecular basis of the receptor's ligand binding properties, we have examined the effects of alanine mutations of residues in the ligand binding site of...

In guinea pigs, maternal insulin-like growth factor (IGF) infusion in early-pregnancy enhances placental transport near-term, increasing fetal growth and survival. The effects of IGF-II, but not IGF-I, appear due to enhanced placental labyrinthine (exchange) development. To determine if the type...

A 9-week growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary leucine (Leu) levels on growth, feed utilization, neuro-endocrine growth axis and TOR-related signaling genes expression of juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂). Seven isoenerge...

Previous studies from our lab showed that increase in AngII in H9c2 cells causes elevated IGFII and IGFIIR through MEK and JNK, leading to rise in intracellular calcium, calcineurin activation by PLC-β3 via Gαq, insertion into mitochondrial membranes of Bad, and apoptosis via caspases 9 and 3....

Accumulated evidence suggests that the single transmembrane domain insulin-like growth factor-II/mannose 6-phosphate receptor (IGF-II/M6P or IGF-II receptor) plays an important role in the intracellular trafficking of lysosomal enzymes and endocytosis-mediated degradation of insulin like growth ...