Tobacco alkaloids of the anabasine type have been found or confirmed in the venom of five species of arid-dwelling Messor ants. They are frequently accompanied by alkylpyrazines. Messor mediorubra contains four alkaloids, with anabasine the major component and also minor pyrazines. Anabasine was...

Microbial electrochemical systems (MESs) are an attracting technology for the disposal of wastewater treatment and simultaneous energy production. In MESs, at the anode microorganisms through the catalytic activity generates electrons that can be converted into electricity or other valuable chem...

A microbial electrochemical snorkel (MES) is formed by the direct coupling of a microbial anode with a cathode, which may or may not be biotic. It can be considered as a short-circuited microbial fuel cell. In comparison with a microbial fuel cell, an MES does not produce power but it ensures th...

We introduce two new effective quantities for the study of comoving curvature perturbations ζ: the space dependent effective sound speed (SESS) and the momentum dependent effective sound speed (MESS). We use the SESS and the MESS to derive a new set of equations which can be applied to any syst...

Virus isolates resistant to 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy) methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine (HEPT) and a highly potent HEPT derivative, [1-benzyloxymethyl-5-ethyl-6-(α-pyridylthio)uracil] (NSC 648400, E-BPTU), were selected in cell culture. Cross-resistance evaluation indicated that the two drug resistant v...

Nucleotide heterodimers were synthesized and examined for their inhibitory effects on the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), including HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor-resistant mutants. 3′-Azido-3′-deoxythymidilyl-(5′)-phospho-(5′)-6-[(3′,5′-dimethylphen...

Novel compounds 1a–u, which can be considered as hybrid analogues of MKC-442 and pyridinon, have been synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT). Starting from 6-methyuracil 2, 1-alkylated-5-bromomethyl-6-methyluracils 8 was prepared in four steps by hydro...

Several classes of non-nucleoside analogues (i.e. TIBO and HEPT derivatives) have been identified that specifically interact with the reverse transcriptase (RT) of human immunodefiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). These derivatives inhibit the replication of HIV-1 in various cell lines, including perip...

This paper reports the synthesis and the antiviral activities of a series of 6-arylvinyl substituted analogues of SJ-3366, a highly potent agent against HIV. The objective was to investigate whether substitution of the 6-arylketone with a 6-arylvinyl group could lead to an improved antiviral act...

New analogues of 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine (HEPT) were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro activities against HIV-1 in MT-4 cell cultures. Chemical diversity was introduced in 4 of the six positions of the core and the influence of each substituent was studied. T...

Several derivatives of 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine (HEPT) were examined for their inhibitory effects on the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in MT-4 cells in the presence of various concentrations (10–50%) of human serum (HS). Although all HEPT de...

Two new and versatile synthetic methods for preparing 5-nitro-analogues of HEPT and MKC-442 which are HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors, are reported. In both cases the key-step is based upon the displacement of a 6-methylthio or a 6-tosyl group by nucleophiles according an addition-elimina...

Vicinal diol-epoxides are the best established carcinogenic metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Numerous studies have demonstrated their high genotoxic activity in various in vitro test systems. However, in vivo mutagenicity data are not available. The fjor-region diol-epoxides of b...

Structure–activity relationship studies performed around 3-fluoro-5-(5-pyridin-2-yl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)benzonitrile for the purpose of developing novel mGlu5 receptor antagonists are described. Synthesis of a series of four-ring tetrazoles led to the discovery of 3-[3-fluoro-5-(5-pyridin-2-yl-2H-...

The “through bond” approach has been recently developed to increase the interaction between the mobile π and localized d electrons in multifunctional molecular materials involving tetrathiafulvalene-based ligands. This article reviews the 3d and 4d coordination complexes and polymers elaborat...

For the first time carbazole- and fluorene-based monomers containing tetrathiafulvalene moieties were prepared. All the synthesized monomers were electrochemically polymerized in CH3CN (CH2Cl2) media using (C2H5)N4ClO4 (1:1) as the supporting electrolyte. The properties of the resulting polymers...

Two novel tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) ligands, substituted by four diphenylphosphinoalkylthio groups, have been synthesized and characterized. Their redox properties, determined by cyclic voltammetry, have been compared with their precursors and discussed. The ability of these redox active ligands ...

We report the microwave-assisted synthesis of two symmetrical tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivatives via trialkyl phosphite-promoted coupling of a DMIT precursor. The microwave irradiation led to an increase in the reaction yield and significantly reduced the reaction time, affording the 2,3,6,7-t...

The synthesis of the protected TTF tetrathiolate 2,3,6,7-tetrakis(2-cyanoethylthio)tetrathiafulvalene (TCE-TTF), as well as those of five new radical cation salts [TCE-TTF](X), X− = PF6−, CF3SO3−, BF4−, obtained by electrocrystallization technique is presented. Five crystal structures of these m...

The two-electrons oxidation of 4,5-benzo-6,7-bis(2′-cyanoethylthio) TTF (CETBz-TTF) and 4,5-benzo-6,7-bis(2′-cyanoethylseleno) TTF (CESBz-TTF) with Cu2+X2 (X = Cl−,  BF4-) leads to the formation of 2,3-bis(2′-cyanoethylchalcogeno)-7,8-benzo-1,4,6,9-tetrathia-10-ceto spiro[4,5]decane after ope...