Mercaptoacetic acid supplier

Name
Mercaptoacetic acid
EINECS 200-677-4
CAS No. 68-11-1
Article Data141
CAS DataBase
Density 1.312 g/cm³
Solubility soluble in water
Melting Point -16 °C(lit.)
Formula C₂H₄O₂S
Boiling Point 225.481 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight 92.1186
Flash Point 99.841 °C
Transport Information UN 1940 8/PG 2
Appearance Clear liquid
Safety 25-27-28-45-36/37-28C-23
Risk Codes 23/24/25-34-26-24/25
Molecular Structure
Hazard Symbols T, T+
Synonyms Aceticacid, mercapto- (8CI,9CI);2-Mercaptoacetic acid;2-Mercaptoethanoic acid;2-Thioglycolic acid;Glycolic acid, 2-thio-;NSC 1894;Sulfhydrylacetic acid;Thioglycolic acid;Thiovanic acid;a-Mercaptoacetic acid;
PSA 76.10000
LogP 0.00080

Synthetic route

: 505-73-7
disulfanediyldiacetic acid

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sulfuric acid at 40 - 43℃; Electrochemical reaction;	96.7%
With Phenylalanine; pyrographite at 38℃;
With sulfuric acid; cadmium Reduktion mit elektrolytisch gefaelltem Cadmiumpulver;

: 79-14-1
glycolic Acid

: 79-08-3
bromoacetic acid

A: 705924-36-3
2,2'-thiodiglycolic acid

B: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen sulfide; hydrogen bromide In water	A n/a B 95%

...Expand

: 84495-75-0
(N-Phenyl-formimidoylsulfanyl)-acetic acid methyl ester

A: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

B: 2365-48-2
Methyl thioglycolate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride In water Ambient temperature;	A 3% B 93%

: 20069-27-6
2-(N-Phenyl-N-methyl-thiocarbamoylthio)acetic Acid

A: 21076-11-9
4-methyl-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazide

B: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydrazine hydrate In water at 85℃; for 0.416667h;	A 81% B n/a

: 141-84-4
2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone

A: 2295-31-0
2,4-thiazolidinedion

B: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride at 130℃;

: 141-84-4
2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: 16312-19-9
2-methylamino-Δ2-thiazolin-4-one

: furan-2,3,5(4H)-trione pyridine (1:1)

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: 16312-21-3
3-methyl-thiazolidine-2,4-dione

: furan-2,3,5(4H)-trione pyridine (1:1)

A: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

B: 74-89-5
methylamine

...Expand

: 2-imino-4-oxo-thiazolidine-3-carboxylic acid amide

: furan-2,3,5(4H)-trione pyridine (1:1)

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: 39130-96-6
thiazolidine-2,4-dione-2-semicarbazone

: furan-2,3,5(4H)-trione pyridine (1:1)

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-pyrimidin-2-ylmercapto)-acetic acid ethyl ester

: furan-2,3,5(4H)-trione pyridine (1:1)

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: 2-imino-4-oxo-thiazolidine-3-carboxylic acid methylamide

: furan-2,3,5(4H)-trione pyridine (1:1)

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: 2-imino-4-oxo-thiazolidine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

: furan-2,3,5(4H)-trione pyridine (1:1)

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: 64-17-5
ethanol

: 33388-14-6
2,2'-sulfinyldiacetic acid

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride der Aethylester entsteht;

: 52-90-4
L-Cysteine

: 505-73-7
disulfanediyldiacetic acid

A: 56-89-3, 349-46-2, 923-32-0, 6020-39-9, 24645-67-8, 35100-73-3, 40143-67-7
cysteine disulfide

B: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Kinetics; Gleichgewicht unter verschiedenen Bedingungen;

...Expand

: 52-90-4
L-Cysteine

: 505-73-7
disulfanediyldiacetic acid

A: 56-89-3
L-cystine

B: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
polarometrische Untersuchung der Gleichgewichtsreaktion;

...Expand

: 90439-55-7
1,1-dithio-thiasuccinic acid

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
durch Selbstzersetzung;

: 90439-55-7
1,1-dithio-thiasuccinic acid

A: 75-15-0
carbon disulfide

B: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: 29596-84-7
dimethylcarbamoylsulfanyl-acetic acid

: 623-11-0
1-methyl-4-nitrosobenzene

A: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

B: 124-40-3
dimethyl amine

...Expand

: 33388-14-6
2,2'-sulfinyldiacetic acid

A: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

B: 298-12-4
Glyoxilic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
at 120 - 130℃; Mechanism;

: 6326-83-6
bis(carboxymethyl)trithiocarbonate

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With water
With ammonia

: ethoxy-sulfanediyldi-acetic acid diethyl ester

A: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

B: 298-12-4
Glyoxilic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
bei der Einw. von Saeuren;

: 623-11-0
1-methyl-4-nitrosobenzene

: 6398-74-9
S-benzoylthioglycolic acid

A: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

B: 65-85-0
benzoic acid

...Expand

: 623-11-0
1-methyl-4-nitrosobenzene

: 16111-22-1
2-(3-oxo-1,3-diphenylpropylsulfanyl)acetic acid

A: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

B: 614-47-1
1,3-diphenyl-propen-3-one

...Expand

: 623-11-0
1-methyl-4-nitrosobenzene

: benzimidoylsulfanyl-acetic acid; hydrobromide

A: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

B: 100-47-0
benzonitrile

...Expand

: 2-imino-4-oxo-thiazolidine-3-carboxylic acid isopentyl ester

: furan-2,3,5(4H)-trione pyridine (1:1)

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: 74-96-4
ethyl bromide

: 64-17-5
ethanol

: 556-90-1
pseudothiohydantoin

A: 2295-31-0
2,4-thiazolidinedion

B: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

C: 15719-64-9, 15719-76-3, 97762-63-5
methylammonium carbonate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
at 130 - 140℃;

...Expand

: 556-90-1
pseudothiohydantoin

A: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

B: 127099-85-8, 780722-26-1
N-Cyanoguanidine

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With barium dihydroxide

: 91-01-0
1,1-Diphenylmethanol

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: 63547-22-8
(benzhydrylthio)acetic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With trifluoroacetic acid for 0.5h; Ambient temperature;	100%
With trifluoroacetic acid at 20℃; for 3h;	99%
	99%

: 76-84-6
triphenylmethyl alcohol

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: 34914-36-8
2-(triphenylmethylthio)ethanoic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With trifluoroacetic acid at 20℃; for 0.5h;	100%
With trifluoroacetic acid In chloroform at 20℃; for 1h;	98%
With trifluoroacetic acid In chloroform at 20℃; for 3h;	95%

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: 505-73-7
disulfanediyldiacetic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide bis-N-oxide In chloroform-d1 for 18h; Ambient temperature;	100%
With xenon difluoride In dichloromethane at 25℃;	99%
With nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate; cadmium selenide; sodium hydroxide In water at 20℃; for 4h; pH=9; Catalytic behavior; Irradiation; Inert atmosphere;	99%

: 959-26-2
Bis(2-Hydroxyethyl)terephthalat

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: bis(5-mercapto-4-keto-3-oxa pentyl) terephthalate

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In tetrahydrofuran; benzene for 24h; Heating;	100%

: 82112-20-7
N-methyl-N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)acetamide

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: 82112-29-6
C14H32O2SSi2

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride In acetonitrile for 0.0833333h; Product distribution; Ambient temperature; other tert-butyldimethylsilyl- donors; var. hydroxy carboxylic acids;	100%

: 136852-78-3
2-n-propyldithiopyridine-N-oxide

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

A: 1121-30-8
1-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethione

B: 136852-81-8
n-propyldithioacetic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In chloroform for 23h; Ambient temperature;	A n/a B 100%

...Expand

: 31125-04-9
3-(N,N-Dimethylamino)phenyl isocyanate

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: 121-44-8
triethylamine

: 79479-15-5
(3-dimethylaminophenylaminocarbonylthio)acetic acid triethylammonium salt

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In chloroform for 16h;	100%

...Expand

: 118495-80-0
1,6,15,20-Tetraoxa-2,5,16,19-tetraoxocyclooctacosa-3,17-diene

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: bis<3,17-(2-carboxy-1-thiaethyl)>-1,6,15,20-tetraoxa-2,5,16,19-tetraoxocyclooctacosane

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine In tetrahydrofuran at 64℃; for 26h;	100%

: 732256-60-9
5-Hydroxy-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3,4-dimethyl-1,5-dihydropyrrol-2-one

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: 935689-18-2
[1-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-3,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-ylsulfanyl]-acetic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With camphorsulphonic acid In dichloromethane at 0℃; for 1.5h;	100%

: 935689-64-8
5-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxy-benzyl)-3-methyl-1,5-dihydro-pyrrol-2-one

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: 935689-82-0
[1-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-ylsulfanyl]-acetic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With camphorsulfonic acid In dichloromethane at 0℃; for 1.5h; Product distribution / selectivity;	100%

: 1067-29-4
bis(tri-n-propylstannyl)oxide

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: 49864-58-6
(C3H7)3SnOOCCH2SH

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: H2O; at 115°C for 2 h; removal of water formed and excess acid, vac. distn. or recrystn.;	100%

: 14267-92-6
1-chloro-4-pentyne

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: 1010447-29-6
2-(pent-4-ynylthio)acetic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: mercaptoacetic acid With potassium hydroxide In methanol at 0℃; for 0.333333h; Stage #2: 1-chloro-4-pentyne In methanol at 40 - 50℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere;	100%

: 3,7-dichloro-5,5-difluoro-10-phenyl-5H-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazaborinin-4-ium-5-uide

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: 1206782-90-2
3,5-dithioacetic acid-3a,4a-diaza-4,4-difluoro-8-phenyl boron dipyrromethene

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With triethylamine In acetonitrile for 7h; Reflux; Darkness; Inert atmosphere;	100%

: 2-(1H-naphtho[2,3-d]imidazol-2-yl)acetonitrile

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: (E)-2-((1H-naphtho[2,3-d]imidazol-2-yl)methylene)thiazolidin-4-one

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In pyridine at 100℃; for 8h;	100%

: N'-[4-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexylidene]-2-phenoxyacetohydrazide

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: N‐[3‐oxo‐8‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1‐thia‐4‐azaspiro[4.5]dec‐4‐yl]‐2‐phenoxyacetamide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In toluene Reflux; Dean-Stark;	100%

: C15H20N2O

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: N‐(3‐oxo‐1‐thia‐4‐azaspiro[4.5]decan‐4‐yl)‐3‐phenylpropanamide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In toluene Reflux; Dean-Stark;	100%

: C16H22N2O

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: N‐(8‐methyl‐3‐oxo‐1‐thia‐4‐azaspiro[4.5]decan‐4‐yl)‐3‐phenylpropanamide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In toluene Reflux; Dean-Stark;	100%

: C18H26N2O

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: N‐(3‐oxo‐8‐propyl‐1‐thia‐4‐azaspiro[4.5]decan‐4‐yl)‐3‐phenylpropanamide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In toluene Reflux; Dean-Stark;	100%

: C19H28N2O

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: N‐(8‐tert‐butyl‐3‐oxo‐1‐thia‐4‐azaspiro[4.5]decan‐4‐yl)‐3‐phenylpropanamide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In toluene Reflux; Dean-Stark;	100%

: C21H24N2O

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: N‐(8‐phenyl‐3‐oxo‐1‐thia‐4‐azaspiro[4.5]decan‐4‐yl)‐3‐phenylpropanamide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In toluene Reflux; Dean-Stark;	100%

: 36375-77-6
9-fluorenylmethyl chloride

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: 2-(((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl)thio)acetic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 17h;	100%

: 104-88-1
4-chlorobenzaldehyde

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: 99854-22-5
2,2'-((4-chlorophenyl)methylene)bis(sulfanediyl)diacetic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With L-proline In neat (no solvent) at 70℃; for 0.2h;	99%

: 99-61-6
3-nitro-benzaldehyde

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: 34939-21-4
2,2'-((3-nitrophenyl)methylene)bis(sulfanediyl)diacetic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With L-proline In neat (no solvent) at 70℃; for 0.166667h;	99%
With zinc(II) chloride

: 555-16-8
4-nitrobenzaldehdye

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: 6623-25-2
2,2'-((4-nitrophenyl)methylene)bis(sulfanediyl)diacetic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With L-proline In neat (no solvent) at 70℃; for 0.166667h;	99%
With zinc(II) chloride
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In benzene Heating;
With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate; acetic acid at 60℃; for 3h; Yield given;
With boron trifluoride; acetic acid 1.) 60 deg C, 20 min, 2.) 60 deg C, 3 h; Multistep reaction;

: 100-52-7
benzaldehyde

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: 4265-49-0
α,α'-(benzylidenedithio)diacetic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With L-proline In neat (no solvent) at 70℃; for 0.25h;	99%
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In pentane for 5h; Heating;	82%

: 123-11-5
4-methoxy-benzaldehyde

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: 100118-50-1
4-methoxyphenyl-bis(carboxymethylthio)methane

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With L-proline In neat (no solvent) at 70℃; for 0.25h;	99%

: 98-88-4
benzoyl chloride

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: 6398-74-9
S-benzoylthioglycolic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With triethylamine In water; acetonitrile for 4h;	99%
With sodium hydroxide In water; toluene at 10 - 28℃; for 2.5h;	92%
With sodium hydrogencarbonate In water 15 min, 0 deg C; 15 min, RT;	72%

: 104-94-9
4-methoxy-aniline

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: 34282-29-6
2-mercapto-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
at 130℃; for 5h; Inert atmosphere;	99%
at 100℃; for 6h;	89%

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: 552-89-6
2-nitro-benzaldehyde

: 34914-15-3
2-nitrophenyl-bis(carboxymethylthio)methane

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With L-proline In neat (no solvent) at 70℃; for 0.25h;	99%
With hydrogenchloride
With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate; acetic acid at 60℃; for 3h; Yield given;
With boron trifluoride; acetic acid 1.) 60 deg C, 20 min, 2.) 60 deg C, 3 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

: 104-87-0
4-methyl-benzaldehyde

: 68-11-1
mercaptoacetic acid

: 34914-18-6
2,2'-(p-tolylmethylene)bis(sulfanediyl)diacetic acid

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With L-proline In neat (no solvent) at 70℃; for 0.25h;	99%
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In benzene Heating;
With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate; acetic acid at 60℃; for 3h; Yield given;

Mercaptoacetic acid Consensus Reports

Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.

Mercaptoacetic acid Standards and Recommendations

OSHA PEL: TWA 1 ppm (skin)
ACGIH TLV: TWA 1 ppm (skin)
DOT Classification: 8; Label: Corrosive

Mercaptoacetic acid Specification

The Thioglycolic acid, with the 68-11-1, has the IUPAC name of 2-sulfanylacetic acid. This chemical is a kind of colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor which is sensitive to air and is soluble in water, ethanol and ethyl ether. And it is incompatible with diazo and azo compounds, halocarbons, isocyanates, aldehydes, alkali metals, nitrides, hydrides, and other strong reducing agentscould. Besides, it could react readily with other oxidizing agents, generating heat, toxic and flammable gases

The physical properties of this chemical are as follows: (1)ACD/LogP: 0.09; (2)# of Rule of 5 Violations: 0; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): -2; (4)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): -3.47; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1; (6)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 1; (8)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 1; (9)#H bond acceptors: 2; (10)#H bond donors: 1; (11)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 2; (12)Polar Surface Area: 51.6; (13)Index of Refraction: 1.503; (14)Molar Refractivity: 20.77 cm³; (15)Molar Volume: 70.2 cm³; (16)Polarizability: 8.23 ×10^-24 cm³; (17)Surface Tension: 48.5 dyne/cm; (18)Density: 1.311 g/cm³; (19)Flash Point: 99.8 °C; (20)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 50.9 kJ/mol; (21)Boiling Point: 225.5 °C at 760 mmHg; (22)Vapour Pressure: 0.0314 mmHg at 25°C; (23)Exact Mass: 91.9932; (24)MonoIsotopic Mass: 91.9932; (25)Topological Polar Surface Area: 38.3; (26)Heavy Atom Count: 5; (27)Formal Charge: 0; (28)Complexity: 42.9.

Production method of this chemical: (N-phenyl-formimidoylsulfanyl)-acetic acid methyl ester could react to produce Thioglycolic acid and mercaptoacetic acid methyl ester, with the following condition: reagent: HCl; solvent: H₂O; yield: 93%; other condition: ambient temperature.

Use of this chemical: Thioglycolic acid could react with (E,E)-diisobutylidene-hydrazine to produce 2,2'-diisopropyl-[3,3']bithiazolidinyl-4,4'-dione, with the following condition: solvent: benzene; other condition: heating; yield: 24%.

As to its usage, it is widely applied in many ways. It could be used as the material of blanket finishing agent and also as the chemical reagent; It could also used as the setting lotion, depilatory, PVC stabilizing agent, initiator of polymerization, accelerator and chain transfer agent, and metal surface treatment chemicals; Then it is often used as the pharmaceutic intermediate to produce the following chemical substance, such as biotin, zinc sulfate, and is also the important raw material of composing cysteine, industrial disinfectant.

When you are dealing with this kind of chemical, you should be much more careful and then take some measures to protect yourself. This is a kind of toxic chemical which may at very low levels cause damage to health, so if by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed, it will be very dangerous. And it could cause burns. Therefore, you should wear suitable protective clothing and gloves and try to avoid contact with eyes. If contact with skin, take off immediately all contaminated clothing, and wash immediately with plenty of ... (to be specified by the manufacturer). And if in case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible). Besides, you should not breathe gas/fumes/vapour/spray (appropriate wording to be specified by the manufacturer). Lastly, you should handle and open container with care.

In addition, you could convert the following datas into the molecular structure:
(1)Canonical SMILES: C(C(=O)O)S
(2)InChI: InChI=1S/C2H4O2S/c3-2(4)1-5/h5H,1H2,(H,3,4)
(3)InChIKey: CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Below are the toxicity information of this chemical:

Organism	Test Type	Route	Reported Dose (Normalized Dose)	Effect	Source
guinea pig	LD50	intraperitoneal	157mg/kg (157mg/kg)		Zeitschrift fuer die Gesamte Hygiene und Ihre Grenzgebiete. Vol. 20, Pg. 575, 1974.
guinea pig	LD50	oral	126mg/kg (126mg/kg)		"Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 586, 1969.
mammal (species unspecified)	LD50	oral	250mg/kg (250mg/kg)		Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 39(4), Pg. 86, 1974.
mouse	LCLo	inhalation	7mg/m3/2H (7mg/m3)		"Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects, GKNT, 1982Vol. -, Pg. 111, 1982.
mouse	LD50	intraperitoneal	138mg/kg (138mg/kg)		Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 31, Pg. 1713, 1981.
mouse	LD50	intravenous	145mg/kg (145mg/kg)		Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 60, Pg. 278, 1964.
mouse	LD50	oral	242mg/kg (242mg/kg)		Zeitschrift fuer die Gesamte Hygiene und Ihre Grenzgebiete. Vol. 20, Pg. 575, 1974.
mouse	LD50	skin	47mg/kg (47mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD	Science Reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University, Series C: Medicine. Vol. 36(1-4), Pg. 10, 1989.
rabbit	LD50	intravenous	100mg/kg (100mg/kg)		Biochemical Journal. Vol. 41, Pg. 325, 1947.
rabbit	LD50	oral	119mg/kg (119mg/kg)		Zeitschrift fuer die Gesamte Hygiene und Ihre Grenzgebiete. Vol. 20, Pg. 575, 1974.
rabbit	LDLo	skin	300mg/kg (300mg/kg)	SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): "DERMATITIS, OTHER: AFTER SYSTEMIC EXPOSURE"	Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 13(1), Pg. 48, 1969.
rat	LC50	inhalation	210mg/m3/4H (210mg/m3)	BEHAVIORAL: FOOD INTAKE (ANIMAL) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CHANGES IN LUNG WEIGHT	National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0554077,
rat	LD50	intraperitoneal	70mg/kg (70mg/kg)		Zeitschrift fuer die Gesamte Hygiene und Ihre Grenzgebiete. Vol. 20, Pg. 575, 1974.
rat	LD50	oral	114mg/kg (114mg/kg)		Zeitschrift fuer die Gesamte Hygiene und Ihre Grenzgebiete. Vol. 20, Pg. 575, 1974.

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