vanadium hexacarbonyl
triphenyllead(IV) chloride
A
(C6H5)3PbV(CO)6
B
vanadium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In n-heptane byproducts: CO; under N2 or Ar, exclusion of light, stirred for 24 h at room temp.; filtered (VCl3), partial evapn. in vac. at room temp., cooled to -30°C overnight; elem. anal.; | A 60% B 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In n-heptane byproducts: 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, H2; under purified Ar atm.; soln. of V(η6-Me3C6H3)2 in heptane was treated with dry HCl; after 2 hs suspn. filtered; solid dried (vac.) at room temp.; elem. anal.; | 98% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogen sulfide In benzene treatment with H2S about 20 min at ambiente temp.;; washing pptn. with CCl4 and drying in vacuum at 2 torr and 150°C;; | 98% |
With HI In n-heptane treating a heptane soln. of VCl4 with dry HI; stirring, room temp., 15 h;; filtration; washing solid with heptane; heating, 50°C, 0.05mmHg, 4h; elem. anal.;; | 97% |
In neat (no solvent) decompn. about 50 h;; purifn. in vac.;; | 90% |
vanadium hexacarbonyl
trityl chloride
A
hexaphenylethane
B
vanadium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In n-heptane byproducts: CO; under Ar or N2, exclusion of light, stirred for 10 min at room temp.; observed by IR, removal of solvent in vac., extn. (toluene), VCl3 sepd. by filtration, soln. evapd. to dryness in vac. at room temp., washed with n-heptane (C2Ph6); | A 92% B 98% |
vanadium hexacarbonyl
triphenyltin chloride
A
(C6H5)3SnV(CO)6
B
vanadium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In n-heptane byproducts: CO; under N2 or Ar, exclusion of light, stirred for 24 h at room temp.; filtered (VCl3), partial evapn. in vac. at room temp., cooled to -30°C overnight; | A 76% B 97% |
vanadium hexacarbonyl
vanadium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogen chloride In n-heptane byproducts: carbon monoxide, dihydrogen; under Ar or N2, exclusion of light, at -78°C, warmed to -40°C; pptn. filtered off at room temp.; | 96% |
chloro-diphenylphosphine
A
vanadium(III) chloride
B
Tetraphenyldiphosphin
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In n-heptane byproducts: CO; under Ar or N2, exclusion of light, refluxed for 4 h; filtered hot (VCl3), partial evapn. of solvent, cooled at -78°C (P2Ph4); | A 86% B 91% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With N2H5Cl In tetrachloromethane heating 10 - 15 h under N2 at reflux;; heating with CS2; pptn. washing with CHCl3 and ether;; | 90% |
With N2H5Cl In tetrachloromethane heating 10 - 15 h under N2 at reflux;; heating with CS2; pptn. washing with CHCl3 and ether;; | 90% |
With toluene In neat (no solvent) heating SOCl2;; |
triethylsilane
vanadiumtetrachloride
A
triethylsilyl chloride
B
vanadium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) in heating triethylsilane in 5 min;; | A 87% B n/a C n/a |
In neat (no solvent) in heating triethylsilane in 5 min;; | A 87% B n/a C n/a |
vanadium hexacarbonyl
chloro-diphenylphosphine
A
vanadium(III) chloride
B
Tetraphenyldiphosphin
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In n-heptane byproducts: CO; under Ar or N2, exclusion of light, stirred for 15 h at room temp.; observed by IR, removal of solvent in vac., extn. (toluene), VCl3 sepd. by filtration, soln. evapd. to dryness in vac. at room temp., washed with n-heptane (P2Ph4); | A n/a B 87% |
vanadium hexacarbonyl
benzyl chloride
A
vanadium(III) chloride
B
benzil
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In n-heptane byproducts: CO; under Ar or N2, exclusion of light, stirred for 12 h at room temp.; observed by IR, removal of solvent in vac., extn. (toluene), VCl3 sepd. by filtration, soln. evapd. to dryness in vac. at room temp., washed with n-heptane (dibenzyl); | A n/a B 81% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) in 24 h in sealed tube at 200°C;; removal of by-products on heating under N2;; | 80% |
In neat (no solvent) in 24 h in sealed tube at 200°C;; distn. SOCl2 in vac.; pptn. washed with CS2 and dried at 80°C in vac.;; | >99 |
vanadium hexacarbonyl
chlorobenzene
A
biphenyl
B
vanadium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In n-heptane byproducts: CO; under Ar or N2, exclusion of light, stirred for 48 h at room temp.; observed by IR, removal of solvent in vac., extn. (toluene), VCl3 sepd. by filtration, soln. evapd. to dryness in vac. at room temp., washed with n-heptane (diphenyl); | A 80% B n/a |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In gas vaporized V reacted with Cl2; | 40% |
In tetrachloromethane slow heating of V (purity 93%) with Cl2 in CCl4 at 100°C;; | |
In neat (no solvent) react. of V powder with gaseous Cl2 on strong heating;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) heating under exclusion of moisture at reflux; extraction with freshly distd. CCl4 (over P2O5); filtration under N2;; pptn. washed with CCl4 and dried in vacuum;; | |
In melt byproducts: I2; melting of fine V-powder with an excess of ICl, react. starts even on slight warming;; | >99 |
sulfur dioxide
vanadiumtetrachloride
A
thionyl chloride
B
vanadium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
byproducts: VOCl3; 2 month; | |
byproducts: VOCl3; 2 month; |
vanadium(V) oxychloride
sulfur
A
sulfur dioxide
B
vanadium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) at 150°C;; | |
In neat (no solvent) at 150°C;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) heating 8 h at 400°C in tube; washing with CS2 and heating at 150°C in vacuum;; | >99 |
In neat (no solvent) quant. react. of V-powder with S2Cl2 in a shooting tube at 400°C within 8 h;; solid VCl3 obtained;; | >99 |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) heating under back flow, 600°C;; mixture of VCl2 and VCl3 obtained;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) at 300 - 400°C;; | |
In neat (no solvent) react. of V-powder with sharply dried, streaming HCl-gas at 300 to 400°C;; partially sublimating VCl3 obtained;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) reaction at 300-400 °C;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) heating 8 h under reflux;; washing with CS2 and drying in vac. at 120°C;; | |
In neat (no solvent) heating 8 h under reflux;; extraction with CS2;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) heating under reflux;; | |
In neat (no solvent) | |
In neat (no solvent) |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) heating;; | |
In neat (no solvent) heating;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) 200°C, 24 h; further byproducts: higher chlorides;; | |
In neat (no solvent) 200°C, 24 h; further byproducts: higher chlorides;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In not given heating under reflux;; | |
In not given heating under reflux;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) pure;; | |
heated; washed (CS2); | |
With sulfur In not given at 138°C; equimolar amounts;; |
disulfur dichloride
A
vanadium(III) chloride
B
vanadiumtetrachloride
C
vanadium(V) oxychloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In not given heating;; |
chlorine
A
disulfur dichloride
B
vanadium(III) chloride
C
vanadiumtetrachloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) at higher temp.;; | |
In neat (no solvent) at higher temp.;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With carbon dioxide In neat (no solvent) heating under reflux in CO2 stream at 140 - 150°C;; drying under CO2;; | |
With chlorine In neat (no solvent) distn. of mixt. in Cl2 stream;; washing with ether;; | |
With CO2 In neat (no solvent) heating under reflux in CO2 stream at 140 - 150°C;; drying under CO2;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In further solvent(s) byproducts: MeCl; slow heating in neat Ph(Me)P(O)OMe until complete pptn.; particle size and polymerization degree depending on heating rate; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran; dichloromethane N2-atmosphere; pptn. on addn. of VCl3 (in THF) to slight excess of ligand (in CH2Cl2); filtration, washing (CH2Cl2); elem. anal.; | 100% |
tetrahydrofuran
vanadium(III) chloride
(THF)2LiCl2VCl2(THF)2 C16H32Cl4LiO4V, monocline
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran 1 equiv. of LiCl and VCl3 were mixed in THF, reflux for 10 h, under Ar; crystn. at 20 °C for 3 days, elem. anal.; | 99% |
tetrahydrofuran
vanadium(III) chloride
Vanadium (III) chloride-(tris-tetrahydrofuran)
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran heating overnight; hot filtration, crystn. at room temp.; | 99% |
With magnesium boiling for 8 hours in presence of Mg; exclusion of moisture (reaction under N2);; extraction with THF, evaporation and cooling to -10°C; washing with cold THF and recrystallization from THF;; | |
With Mg boiling for 8 hours in presence of Mg; exclusion of moisture (reaction under N2);; extraction with THF, evaporation and cooling to -10°C; washing with cold THF and recrystallization from THF;; | |
In tetrahydrofuran continuous extrn. with THF; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With urea In quinoline stirred (205-210°C); elem.anal.; | 98% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In hydrogenchloride extraction from 0.5n-HCl with 6M-NH4SCN with methyl isobutyl ketone;; | 96% |
In water soln. of V(SCN)3 obtained;; |
vanadium(III) chloride
VCl2(C4OH8)2
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tetrahydrofuran; zinc In tetrahydrofuran a complexes was extracted twice in Soxhlet extractor for 3-4 days onto zinc, Ar atm.; filtration, washing a ppt. with THF, drying in vac.; elem. anal.; | 96% |
vanadium(III) chloride
tripotassium 1,4,7-tris-(5-t-butyl-2-hydroxylatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane
V((C2H4)3(NCH2C6H3(O)C(CH3)3)3)
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With triethyl amine In acetonitrile refluxing of VCl3 in MeCN (Ar atmosphere), addn. of org. compds.; pptn. on addn. of H2O; elem. anal.; | 96% |
vanadium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With H2O; O2 In further solvent(s) byproducts: HCl; refluxed in water-free 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene for 2 h (under Ar); 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene removed in vac.; residue dissolved in dichloromethane; filtered; chromd. (Al2O3); solvent removed from single fraction obtained; dried in vac.; | 96% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) (Ar); to VCl3 was added CF3SO3H and refluxed for 3 h, green solid formed; solid sepd. and dried in vac.; elem. anal.; | 95% |
With water byproducts: HCl; reaction of VCl3 with CF3SO3H in an O2-free glove box; treatment of the reaction mixt. with H2O distilled onto the mixt., removal of formed HCl and final vacuum drying, elem. anal.; | |
In trifluoroacetic acid mixt. of VCl3 in neat triflic acid heated at reflux under Ar; cooled to room temp., ppt. collected; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With magnesium hydride In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: H2; (argon); grinding VCl3 and MgH2 in a mill, addn. of -70°C cold THF, then slow addn. of TiCl4, heating to reflux temp. under further grinding (5 h); washing (THF), drying (vac.); | 94.4% |
With sodium In neat (no solvent) reaction by redn. of solid VCl3 with Na in presence of CaCl2 in a bomb (vacuum or inert gas atmosphere), heating at light red heat for a period up to 3 hours;; 95% metallic V;; | 93% |
With hydrogen In neat (no solvent) reaction by redn. of VCl3 with H2 in a stepwise procedure;; metallic V obtained;; | 90% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With aq. NaOH In ethanol; water pH 2.5; heating (60-80°C, 10 min); elem. anal.; | 92.7% |
vanadium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With H2 In neat (no solvent) at 750°C;; 99.6% VCl2 unpured with 0.25% VCl3 and <0.1% Fe;; | 92% |
With tin byproducts: SnCl2; reaction at 16.2 and 58°C;; | |
With hydrogen In neat (no solvent) reaction started at 480°C;; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium amalgam In tetrahydrofuran under oxygen-free nitrogen or argon or vac.; 2,2'-bpyridin was added toa suspn. of VCl3 and sodium amalgam in THF; after stirring for 24 h at room temp. and filtering, the soln. was reduced under vac.; diethyletherwas slowly added; ppt. was collected, washed with petroleum (b.p.40-60°C) and recrystd. from THF-diethylether; | 92% |
vanadium(III) chloride
N,N',N''-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane
trichloro(1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane)vanadium(III)
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In acetonitrile heating of a soln. of VCl3 in dry acetonitrile to reflux for 10 min; precipitation on cooling of the soln.; addn. of a CH3CN soln. of the organic compound to the mixture; heating to reflux for 30 min; precipitation;; | 92% |
4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-thioxo-2λ5-[1,3,2]dioxaphospholane-2-thiol
vanadium(III) chloride
V[S2PO(C(CH3)2)2O]3
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In benzene byproducts: HCl; exclusion of moisture; soln. of alkylene dithiophosphoric acid in C6H6 added dropwise with constant stirring to VCl3 in C6H6, molar ratio 3:1, refluxed for ca. 6 h; evapd. in vac., washed with n-hexane (several times), dried in vac.; elem. anal.; | 92% |
N,N,N,N,N,N-hexamethylphosphoric triamide
vanadium(III) chloride
VCl3(((CH3)2N)3PO)3
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran (N2), VCl3 extracted into dry THF, organic compound added; collected, washed with n-hexane, pumped in vac. at room temp. for several hours; elem. anal.; | 91% |
2,2':6,2''-terpyridine
vanadium(III) chloride
V(III)(2,2':6',2''-terpyridine)Cl3
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In acetonitrile (Ar); to soln. of VCl3 was added ligand, soln. stirred for 4 h, color then had charged from purple to brown; brown ppt. was sepd., washed with diethylether and dried in vac.; elem. anal.; | 91% |
vanadium(III) chloride
1,4,7-tri(iso-propyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane
{V(C15H33N3)Cl3}
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In acetonitrile refluxing a suspension of VCl3 in dry CH3CN under argon; addn. of C15H33N3 in CH3CN; refluxing for 0.5 h;; pptn. on cooling to 20°C; elem. anal.;; | 91% |
vanadium(III) chloride
1,4,7-triazacyclononane
(1,4,7-triazacyclononane)VCl3
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In acetonitrile Ar-atmosphere; refluxing VCl3 to dissoln., addn. of ligand at 40°C, refluxing for 1 h; pptn. on cooling to 10°C, collection (filtration); | 91% |
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide addn. of ligand to soln. of VCl3, refluxing (1 h); pptn. on cooling (room temp.), filtration, washing (Et2O), drying (air); elem. anal.; | 23% |
niobium pentachloride
vanadium(III) chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In neat (no solvent) (Ar); sealed in a silica tube under vac., heated at 740°C for 1 wk followed by slow cooling to 550°C in 48 h; radiative cooling to room temp.; | 90% |
vanadium(III) chloride
1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene
bis(mesitylene)vanadium(0)
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Al; AlCl3 In 1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene heating suspension of VCl3, Al powder and AlCl3 in mesitylene at 120-130°C for 2 h, under purified Ar atmosphere; addn. of heptane and THF at 20-25°C under vigorous stirring; mechanism discussed;; filtration after 3 h; removal of volatiles in vac. at 50°C; treating residue with heptane; filtration; washing carefully with heptane; cooling to -78°C;; | 90% |
With Al; AlCl3 In 1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene heating suspension of VCl3, Al powder and AlCl3 in mesitylene at 120-130°C for 2 h, under purified Ar atmosphere; addn. of heptane and DMF at 20-25°C under vigorous stirring; mechanism discussed;; filtration after 3 h; removal of volatiles in vac. at 50°C; treating residue with heptane; filtration; washing carefully with heptane; cooling to -78°C;; | 70% |
With AlBr3; Al In 1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene sublimation, recrystn. from pentane; | 14% |
Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.
ACGIH TLV: TWA 0.05 mg(V2O5)/m3
NIOSH REL: (Vanadium Compounds) CL 0.05 mg(V)/m3/15M
DOT Classification: 8; Label: Corrosive
The Vanadium(III) chloride is an organic compound with the formula Cl3V. The IUPAC name of this chemical is trichlorovanadium. With the CAS registry number 7718-98-1, it is also named as vanadium trichloride. The product's categories are Vanadium Salts; Alternative Energy; Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry; CatalystsChemical Synthesis; Materials for Hydrogen Storage; Salts; Vanadium Metal and Ceramic Science. Besides, it is a dark blue to violet to black powder, which should be stored in a cool and dry place.It is deliquescent. It mists generates acid when exposed to moist air. Dissolves in water with formation of an acidic solution and generation of acidic fumes.
Physical properties about Vanadium(III) chloride are:
(1)Exact Mass: 155.850522; (2)MonoIsotopic Mass: 155.850522; (3)Heavy Atom Count: 4; (4)Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1.;(5)#H bond acceptors: 0; (6)#H bond donors: 0; (7)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 0;
Safety information of Vanadium(III) chloride :
When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following:It is harmful if swallowed. After contact with skin, take off immediately all contaminated clothing, and wash immediately with plenty of ... (to be specified by the manufacturer). Besides, this chemical can causes burns. When you are using it, wear suitable protective clothing and eye/face protection. In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible).
You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)SMILES:[V+2].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-];
(2)Std. InChI:InChI=1S/3ClH.V/h3*1H;/q;;;+2/p-3;
(3)Std. InChIKey:BYTLEKZCNYKWQP-UHFFFAOYSA-K.
The toxicity data of Vanadium(III) chloride is as follows:
Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
rabbit | LDLo | subcutaneous | 20mg/kg (20mg/kg) | Environmental Quality and Safety, Supplement. Vol. 1, Pg. 1, 1975. | |
rat | LD50 | oral | 350mg/kg (350mg/kg) | American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. Vol. 30, Pg. 470, 1969. |
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