formaldehyd
formic acid
acetaldehyde
A
Pentaerythritol
B
Dipentaerythritol
C
sodium formate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: formaldehyd; acetaldehyde With sodium hydroxide at 45 - 65℃; under 1500.15 Torr; for 1.38333h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: formic acid pH=6; Product distribution / selectivity; | A 87.4% B 5% C 99.7% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: formaldehyd; acetaldehyde With sodium hydroxide In water Stage #2: With formic acid In water pH=5.7; Product distribution / selectivity; | 90% |
With ortho-tungstic acid; calcium hydroxide In water at 30 - 48℃; for 1.16667h; Reagent/catalyst; | 7.7% |
With sodium hydroxide at 10℃; for 4.16667h; Product distribution; pH=12.7; different reaction times; |
Formaldehyd-bis(pentaerythrityl)acetal
A
5,5-bis-hydroxymethyl-[1,3]dioxane
B
Pentaerythritol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogenchloride at 80℃; for 2h; Title compound not separated from byproducts; | A 33.8 % Chromat. B 65% |
With hydrogenchloride at 80℃; for 0.166667h; Title compound not separated from byproducts; | A 9.3 % Chromat. B 88.6 % Chromat. |
With hydrogenchloride at 60℃; for 2h; Product distribution; further temperatures: 23, 40, 80 deg C; different times: 10, 20, 30, 60, 120 min; | A 21.9 % Chromat. B 76.8 % Chromat. |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium hydroxide; water |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With lead(II) hydroxide on calcium carbonate; water | |
With calcium hydroxide; water |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium hydroxide; water in mehreren Stufen; |
pentaerythritol bisacetate
A
Pentaerythritol
B
pentaerythritol triacetate
C
pentaerythritol tetracetate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
beim Aufbewahren; |
formaldehyd
acetaldehyde
A
Pentaerythritol
B
Formaldehyd-bis(pentaerythrityl)acetal
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With methyllithium Title compound not separated from byproducts; | |
With methyllithium; ethyl acetate 2) 1 h, reflux; Yield given. Multistep reaction. Yields of byproduct given. Title compound not separated from byproducts; | |
als Nebenprodukt bei der Darstellung von Pentaerythrit; Isolierung aus technischen Pentaerytrit; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With alkali Trennung ueber die Salpersaeureester; | |
With alkali Trennung von Pentaerythrit ueber die Salpetersaeureester; | |
With calcium hydroxide; water at 20℃; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With calcium hydroxide; water |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With calcium hydroxide; water |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol In water at 100℃; for 20h; Product distribution; | |
2-(Diethylamino)ethanol In water at 100℃; for 20h; | |
With sodium hydroxide In water at 25℃; for 3h; Irradiation; | |
With potassium carbonate 1.) H2O, 20 deg C, 10 h, irradiation, 2.) 25 deg C, 7-14 d; Yield given. Multistep reaction; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
calcium hydroxide In water at 25℃; Irradiation; | |
calcium hydroxide In water at 25℃; Product distribution; Irradiation; various inorganic catalysts; |
formaldehyd
A
glycolic Acid
B
Pentaerythritol
C
meso-erythritol
D
glyceric acid
E
ethylene glycol
F
glycerol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With zeolite of type X under 1 Torr; for 144h; Product distribution; Irradiation; other objects of study: dependence of product distribution on time of irradiation, thermal pretreatment of zeolite, and water content of zeolite; |
Formaldehyd-bis(pentaerythrityl)acetal
A
5,5-bis-hydroxymethyl-[1,3]dioxane
B
formaldehyd
C
Pentaerythritol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Heating; heating more than 149 deg C; |
formaldehyd
acetaldehyde
A
2,2-di(hydroxymethyl)-acetic acid
B
Pentaerythritol
C
2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol
D
α,α,α-tris(hydroxymethyl)acetic acid
E
2-Hydroxymethyl-2-(methoxymethoxymethyl)-1,3-propandiol
F
trimethyleneglycol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With calcium hydroxide Mechanism; |
formaldehyd
acetaldehyde
A
Pentaerythritol
B
tri(hydroxymethyl)acetaldehyde
C
Dipentaerythritol
D
tripentaerythritol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium hydroxide at 30℃; Product distribution; Mechanism; pH=12.5; different initial acetaldehyde concentrations; |
formaldehyd
acetaldehyde
A
Pentaerythritol
B
acetaldol
C
Dipentaerythritol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium hydroxide at 10℃; for 5h; Product distribution; Mechanism; different initial aldehyde concentrations and reaction times; effect of additional pentaerythritol; |
formaldehyd
acetaldehyde
A
Pentaerythritol
B
3-Hydroxypropanal
C
bis-(hydroxymethyl)-acetaldehyde
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium hydrogencarbonate at 30℃; for 2.5h; Product distribution; |
formaldehyd
acetaldehyde
A
Pentaerythritol
B
Tetrapentaerythrit 2,2,6,6,10,10,14,14-Octakis(hydroxymethyl)-4,8,12-trioxapentadecan-1,15-diol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With methyllithium Yield given. Title compound not separated from byproducts; |
formaldehyd
acetaldehyde
A
Pentaerythritol
B
2-methyl-1.3-propanediol
C
2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol
D
trimethyleneglycol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium hydroxide; sulfuric acid; hydrogen; 5% activated charcoal-supported ruthenium catalyst 1.) 25 deg C, 30 min, 2.) 50 psi, 25 deg C, 4 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction. Yields of byproduct given. Title compound not separated from byproducts; | |
With sodium hydroxide; sulfuric acid; hydrogen; Ru-carbon 1.) 25 deg C, 30 min, 2.) 50 psi, 25 deg C 4 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction. Yields of byproduct given; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
bei monatelangem Stehen; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
je nach Bedingungen wechselnden Mengen; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 0 - 40℃; Kinetics; |
formaldehyd
acetaldehyde
A
Pentaerythritol
B
Formaldehyd-bis(pentaerythrityl)acetal
C
Dipentaerythritol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In water at 10℃; Rate constant; Mechanism; Product distribution; and equilibrium constants; |
Pentaerythritol
cyclohexanone
7,11,18,21-tetraoxa-trispiro[5.2.2.5.2.2]heneicosane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sulfuric acid at 80℃; | 100% |
With pyrographite In toluene for 8h; Heating; | 94% |
peroxodisulfate ion; zirconium(IV) oxide In toluene for 4h; Heating; | 94% |
Pentaerythritol
isobutyraldehyde
3,9-diisopropyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro<5.5>undecane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sulfuric acid at 80℃; | 100% |
With indium(III) chloride at 120℃; for 3h; | 89% |
With hydrogenchloride |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In diethyl ether; dichloromethane; tetramethyl ammoniumhydroxide; water | 100% |
tetramethyl ammoniumhydroxide In water at 20℃; for 20h; Cooling with ice; | 100% |
With sodium hydroxide Ambient temperature; | 99% |
Pentaerythritol
[2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-5-oxo-1,3-oxathiolan-4-yl]-acetyl chloride
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene for 72h; Heating; | 100% |
Pentaerythritol
phenyl isocyanate
tetrakis[(N-phenylcarbamoyloxy)methyl]methane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With MoCl2O2(dmf)2 In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 60℃; for 0.333333h; Inert atmosphere; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In methanol for 4h; Reflux; | 100% |
In methanol for 4h; Reflux; | |
In methanol for 4h; Reflux; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tetrabutylammomium bromide; potassium hydroxide In toluene at 70℃; for 18h; | 99.6% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyridine at 0 - 20℃; for 48h; | 99.5% |
With pyridine at 0 - 20℃; for 48h; | 99.5% |
With pyridine at 20℃; for 16h; | 89% |
Pentaerythritol
benzaldehyde
3,9-diphenyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-spiro[5,5]undecane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyrographite In benzene for 1.5h; Heating; | 99% |
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In benzene for 4h; Condensation; acetalization; Heating; | 99% |
With montmorillonite K-10 In benzene for 0.6h; Heating; | 98% |
Pentaerythritol
4-methoxy-benzaldehyde
3,9-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro<5,5>undecane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Sulfate; zirconium(IV) oxide In toluene for 0.8h; Heating; | 99% |
With pyrographite In benzene for 1.8h; Heating; | 96% |
With tetrachlorosilane In acetonitrile at 20℃; | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium hydroxide In dimethyl sulfoxide at 120℃; for 5h; | 99% |
(i) /BRN= 906677/, aq. KOH, (ii) /BRN= 906677/, KOEt, EtOH; Multistep reaction; | |
With potassium hydroxide In dimethyl sulfoxide at 100℃; under 759.8 Torr; | |
With potassium hydroxide In dimethyl sulfoxide |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With triethylamine In tetrachloromethane for 16h; Ambient temperature; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Sulfate; zirconium(IV) oxide In toluene for 1.5h; Heating; | 99% |
Pentaerythritol
C6H5CH2OCH2CH2CH2CB10H10CCH2CH2COOH
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimide; 4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium tosylate In pyridine; dichloromethane CH2Cl2-pyridine 3:2, room temp., > 12 h; column chromy.; | 99% |
isocyanate de chlorosulfonyle
Pentaerythritol
pentaerythritol tetracarbamate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: isocyanate de chlorosulfonyle; Pentaerythritol In acetonitrile at 0 - 20℃; for 1h; Stage #2: With water In acetonitrile Cooling with ice; | 99% |
Stage #1: isocyanate de chlorosulfonyle; Pentaerythritol In acetonitrile at 25℃; for 2h; Cooling with ice; Stage #2: With water In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 1h; Cooling with ice; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: Pentaerythritol; cis-Octadecenoic acid In water at 130 - 135℃; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: butanedioic acid, monoethyl ester In water at 130 - 135℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: Pentaerythritol; cis-Octadecenoic acid In water at 130 - 135℃; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: methyl hydrogen succinate In water at 130 - 135℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; | 99% |
Pentaerythritol
2-nitro-benzaldehyde
3,9-bis-(2-nitro-phenyl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-spiro[5.5]undecane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With copper(II) chloride dihydrate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 70℃; for 1.33333h; | 98.8% |
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid In toluene at 140℃; for 3h; | 98.8% |
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid for 0.0666667h; microwave irradiation at 600 W power; | 97.5% |
Pentaerythritol
dimethyldibromosilane
3,3,9,9,-tetramethyl-3,9-disila-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro<5,5>undecane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In diethylene glycol dimethyl ether at 50 - 130℃; for 6h; Solvent; Temperature; | 98.6% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With zinc/copper couple at 160℃; under 600.06 Torr; for 2.33333h; Temperature; Pressure; Reagent/catalyst; | 98.3% |
at 240℃; | |
With phenol at 180 - 230℃; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With lithium hydroxide; triethyl phosphite at 130 - 160℃; for 2h; Temperature; Reagent/catalyst; Time; | 98.2% |
Pentaerythritol
3-(n-dodecylthio)-propanoic acid,methyl ester
pentaerythritol tetrakis(β-dodecylmercapto)propionate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With [BCl2(1-methylimidazole)][Al2Cl7] at 120℃; for 3h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Large scale; | 98.2% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With methanesulfonic acid at 25℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; | 98% |
With aluminum triflate at 20℃; for 0.00833333h; | 95% |
aluminium dodecatungsten phosphate at 20℃; for 0.583333h; | 94% |
Pentaerythritol
4-methyl-benzaldehyde
3,9-di-p-tolyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-spiro[5.5]undecane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Sulfate; zirconium(IV) oxide In toluene for 1h; Heating; | 98% |
With pyrographite In benzene for 1.5h; Heating; | 97% |
With tetrachlorosilane In acetonitrile at 20℃; | 96% |
Pentaerythritol
methanesulfonyl chloride
2,2-bis(((methylsulfonyl)oxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl dimethanesulfonate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyridine Cooling with ice; Inert atmosphere; | 98% |
Stage #1: Pentaerythritol With triethylamine In dichloromethane at 0℃; for 0.166667h; Stage #2: methanesulfonyl chloride In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 12h; | 87.3% |
With pyridine | |
With pyridine Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; | |
With triethylamine In toluene at 0 - 20℃; Dean-Stark; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyridine; <(chlorosulfinyloxy)methylene>dimethylammonium chloride In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 6h; | 98% |
With sulfuric acid; toluene-4-sulfonic acid at 105℃; for 0.15h; Neat (no solvent); Microwave irradiation; | 96% |
at 180℃; | |
In toluene at 158℃; for 10h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Green chemistry; | 98 %Spectr. |
With (cetyltrimethylammonium)1/3[Cu46(C9H3O6)24(OH)12](PW12O40)3·xH2O (COK-15b) In toluene at 155℃; for 6h; Green chemistry; | 94 %Spectr. |
trichloroethylene epoxide
Pentaerythritol
tetra(dichloroacetato)pentaerythritol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With magnesium sulfate for 6h; Heating; | 98% |
Pentaerythritol
3-Chlorobenzaldehyde
3,9-di(m-chlorophenyl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
peroxodisulfate ion; zirconium(IV) oxide In toluene for 0.5h; Heating; | 98% |
silica sulfate In benzene for 0.5h; microwave irradiation; | 98% |
With pyrographite In toluene for 0.8h; Heating; | 97% |
Pentaerythritol
2-Ethylhexanoic acid
pentaerythritol tetra(2-ethylhexanoate)
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyridine; <(chlorosulfinyloxy)methylene>dimethylammonium chloride In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 6h; | 98% |
With sulfuric acid | 82% |
Stage #1: Pentaerythritol; 2-Ethylhexanoic acid at 170 - 250℃; for 6h; Stage #2: With 2-ethylhexanoic acid anhydride at 150 - 170℃; for 0.5h; Reagent/catalyst; |
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