Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tert.-butylhydroperoxide; palladium diacetate; toluene-4-sulfonic acid In water; acetonitrile at 20℃; for 6h; Wacker Oxidation; chemoselective reaction; | 98% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With aluminum (III) chloride In dichloromethane at 10 - 25℃; for 2h; Solvent; Temperature; Reagent/catalyst; | 96.5% |
With aluminum (III) chloride at 0 - 60℃; Inert atmosphere; | 87% |
With aluminium trichloride for 3h; Friedel-Crafts acylation; cooling; | 74% |
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-hydroxypropan-1-imine
4'-chloropropiophenone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With cetyltrimethylammonium peroxodisulphate In acetonitrile for 0.366667h; Reflux; | 94% |
p-chlorophenylvinylcarbinol
4'-chloropropiophenone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 2C25H28N2OP(1-)*2Cl(1-)*2Ru(2+) In tetrahydrofuran at 80℃; for 4h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; Sealed tube; | 93% |
With tetrapropylammonium perruthennate; undecan-2-ol In fluorobenzene Isomerization; Heating; | 87% |
With C13H21Cl2N3PRu(1+)*Cl(1-); potassium carbonate In tetrahydrofuran at 75℃; for 20h; Catalytic behavior; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; | 80% |
C10H12ClN3O
4'-chloropropiophenone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With cetyltrimethylammonium peroxodisulphate In acetonitrile for 0.466667h; Reflux; | 90% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With chlorine[2-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-6-methoxypyridine](pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)iridium(III) chloride; potassium hydroxide In water at 80℃; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; | 90% |
With chlorine[2-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-6-methoxypyridine](pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)iridium(III) chloride; potassium hydroxide In water at 80℃; for 14h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; chemoselective reaction; | 90% |
4'-chloropropiophenone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With dihydrogen peroxide; bromine In dichloromethane; water at 20℃; for 24h; | 89% |
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-propanol
4'-chloropropiophenone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With peracetic acid; 4-acetylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinoxy In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 10h; | 88% |
With 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical; sodium acetate; (S)-3-phenyl-2-(phenylamino)propionic acid; copper(ll) bromide In water for 24h; Reflux; Schlenk technique; | 87% |
With diisopropoxyaluminium trifluoroacetate; 4-nitrobenzaldehdye In benzene for 0.75h; Ambient temperature; | 85% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With iron(III)-acetylacetonate In tetrahydrofuran at -78℃; | 87% |
C9H10BrClO
A
4'-chloropropiophenone
B
1-(4-chlorophenyl)propan-2-one
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With diethylzinc In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 2h; | A 5% B 86% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 1,10-Phenanthroline; nickel(II) bromide 2-methoxyethyl ether complex; sodium hydrogencarbonate In water at 100℃; for 5h; Autoclave; | 81% |
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-nitro-1-propanone
4'-chloropropiophenone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tri-n-butyl-tin hydride; 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) In benzene at 80℃; for 1.5h; | 78% |
With 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile); tri-n-butyl-tin hydride In benzene at 80℃; for 2h; | 78% |
With 1-Benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide In N,N,N,N,N,N-hexamethylphosphoric triamide for 48h; Ambient temperature; Irradiation; | 62% |
With 1-Benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide In N,N,N,N,N,N-hexamethylphosphoric triamide for 48h; Ambient temperature; Irradiation; | 45% |
N-<1-(4-chlorophenyl)propylidene>-2,6-xylylamine
4'-chloropropiophenone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogenchloride In tetrahydrofuran for 15h; Ambient temperature; | 78% |
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-tosylethanone
methylmagnesium bromide
4'-chloropropiophenone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With bis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II) diiodide; tricyclohexylphosphine In tetrahydrofuran at 80℃; Kumada Cross-Coupling; Inert atmosphere; | 77% |
ethylmagnesium bromide
4-chloro-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide
4'-chloropropiophenone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In diethyl ether at 0℃; for 3h; | 77% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: para-chlorobenzoic acid With methyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; diethyl ether at -78℃; for 1h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: Zn(2+)*Li(1+)*2C3H7(1-)*C5H11(1-) In 1,4-dioxane at 50℃; for 18h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; chemoselective reaction; | 76% |
para-chloroacetophenone
N,N-dimethyl-formamide
4'-chloropropiophenone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With ammonium peroxydisulfate; dichloro(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium (III) dimer In water at 110℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; | 73% |
sodium p-chlorobenzenesulphinate
propiononitrile
4'-chloropropiophenone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With palladium(II) trifluoroacetate; trifluoroacetic acid; 6-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine In tetrahydrofuran; water at 100℃; for 1h; Microwave irradiation; | 73% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With polyphosphoric acid for 0.025h; Microwave irradiation; | 70% |
2-chloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)propan-1-one
A
4'-chloropropiophenone
B
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxypropan-1-one
C
2-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-propionic acid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With methyloxirane In water; acetone Irradiation; pH neutral; | A 25% B 20% C 45% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: bromochlorobenzene With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: propionaldehyde In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78℃; for 1h; Stage #3: With iodine; potassium carbonate In tert-butyl alcohol for 4h; Reflux; | 45% |
2-chloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)propan-1-one
A
4'-chloropropiophenone
B
methyl 2-(p-chlorophenyl)propionate
C
α-methoxy-p-chloropropiophenone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With methyloxirane In methanol Irradiation; pH neutral; | A 24% B n/a C 30% |
methylidene di(4-chlorobenzoate)
ethylmagnesium bromide
A
4'-chloropropiophenone
B
propyl 4-chloro benzoate
C
3-(4'-chlorophenyl)pentan-3-ol
D
para-chlorobenzoic acid
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 20℃; for 3h; Substitution; addition; | A 21% B 26% C 16% D 17% |
propionaldehyde oxime
4-chlorophenyldiazonium salt
4'-chloropropiophenone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium acetate; copper(II) sulfate; sodium sulfite in wss. Loesung und anschl. mit wss. HCl; |
4-chlorophenyldiazonium salt
4'-chloropropiophenone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium hydroxide; water Behandeln des Reaktionsgemisches mit Luft und anschl. Erhitzen mit ws. HCl; |
1-(p-chlorophenyl)-1-methoxyethene
A
4'-chloropropiophenone
B
1,4-bis-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-methyl-butane-1,4-dione
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 300℃; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With carbon disulfide; aluminium trichloride |
4-Cyanochlorobenzene
ethyltriphenylphosphonium iodide
4'-chloropropiophenone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
(i) nBuLi, (ii) /BRN= 1072122/, (iii) aq. HCl; Multistep reaction; |
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloro-1-propanone
4'-chloropropiophenone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogen; methylamine; palladium on barium sulfate In methanol |
1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylcyclopropane
A
4'-chloropropiophenone
r-3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-c-4-methyl-t-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2-dioxolane
r-3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-t-4-methyl-c-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2-dioxolane
D
4-chlorobenzaldehyde
E
4-methoxy-benzaldehyde
F
E-1-(4'-methoxyphenyl)prop-1-ene
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With magnesium(II) perchlorate; oxygen; 9,10-Dicyanoanthracene In acetonitrile for 0.0333333h; Rate constant; Thermodynamic data; Mechanism; Ambient temperature; Irradiation; ΔG; |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With bromine at 20℃; for 0.333333h; | 100% |
Stage #1: 4'-chloropropiophenone With bromine In methanol at 20℃; for 0.166667h; Stage #2: With hydrogen bromide In methanol; water for 110h; Inert atmosphere; | 98% |
With bromine; hydrogen bromide In methanol at 20℃; for 110h; Inert atmosphere; | 98% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium hydroxide; hydrogen; Aliquat 336; tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); 1-Decanol In 2,2,4-trimethylpentane at 25℃; for 2h; atmospheric pressure; | 100% |
With palladium on activated charcoal; formic acid; N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 6h; Heating; | 85% |
4'-chloropropiophenone
oxalic acid diethyl ester
4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-2,4-dioxobutyric acid ethyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium In ethanol at 20℃; for 18h; Claisen Condensation; | 100% |
With lithium tert-butoxide In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 20℃; for 4h; Claisen Condensation; Inert atmosphere; | 82% |
Stage #1: oxalic acid diethyl ester With sodium ethanolate In ethanol at 20℃; for 0.166667h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: 4'-chloropropiophenone In ethanol at 20℃; for 24h; | 76.9% |
4'-chloropropiophenone
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-propanol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium tetrahydroborate In ethanol at 0 - 20℃; for 4h; | 99% |
With sodium tetrahydroborate In tetrahydrofuran; water for 0.25h; Heating; | 98% |
With sodium tetrahydroborate; sodium hydrogen sulfate In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 0.333333h; | 97% |
4'-chloropropiophenone
2-Allyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With indium iodide In tetrahydrofuran at 40℃; for 24h; | 99% |
With methanol; indium (III) tris(hexamethyldisilyl) amide In toluene at 20℃; for 6h; Inert atmosphere; | 98% |
4'-chloropropiophenone
benzoic acid
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl benzoate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tert.-butylhydroperoxide; tetra-(n-butyl)ammonium iodide In decane; ethyl acetate at 75℃; for 24h; Product distribution / selectivity; | 99% |
With tert.-butylhydroperoxide; tetra-(n-butyl)ammonium iodide In ethyl acetate at 20 - 75℃; for 23h; | 91% |
With potassium carbonate; ethylene dibromide; potassium iodide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 60℃; Sealed tube; | 33% |
4'-chloropropiophenone
2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-((2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxy)propan-1-one
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 2,6-di-tert-butyl-pyridine; 2-chloro-1,3,2-benzodioxaborole In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; for 3h; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With [2,2]bipyridinyl; 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical; copper diacetate In 1,2-dichloro-benzene at 120℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium phosphate; Pd(OAc)2*3H2O In 1,4-dioxane for 12h; Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling; Heating; | 98% |
With 4,4'-(phenylphosphinediyl)bis(2,6-dimethylmorpholine); caesium carbonate; tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0) In 1,4-dioxane for 16h; Suzuki-Miyaura coupling; Heating; | 96% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
toluene-4-sulfonic acid In toluene Heating / reflux; Dean-Stark apparatus; | 98% |
morpholine
4'-chloropropiophenone
2-morpholino-1-(4-(chloro)phenyl)propan-1-one
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 2,6-bis[(4,4-dimethyl)-2-oxazolin-2-yl]pyridine copper bromide In dimethyl sulfoxide at 10℃; for 15h; | 98% |
Stage #1: 4'-chloropropiophenone With 2,6-bis[(4,4-dimethyl)-2-oxazolin-2-yl]pyridine copper bromide In dimethyl sulfoxide at 20℃; for 0.166667h; Green chemistry; Stage #2: morpholine In dimethyl sulfoxide at 10℃; for 10h; Green chemistry; | 97% |
With sodium percarbonate; ammonium iodide In acetonitrile at 50℃; for 18h; | 78% |
With ammonium iodide In acetonitrile at 20℃; Electrolysis; | 48% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With copper(l) iodide; trans-N,N'-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine In acetonitrile at 200℃; for 1h; Microwave irradiation; Inert atmosphere; | 97% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 4'-chloropropiophenone With 2,6-bis[(4,4-dimethyl)-2-oxazolin-2-yl]pyridine copper bromide In dimethyl sulfoxide at 20℃; for 0.166667h; Green chemistry; Stage #2: piperidine In dimethyl sulfoxide at 10℃; for 10h; Green chemistry; | 97% |
With ammonium iodide In acetonitrile at 20℃; Electrolysis; | 70% |
4'-chloropropiophenone
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(hydroxyimino)propan-1-one
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With chloro-trimethyl-silane; isopentyl nitrite In dichloromethane at -20℃; | 96% |
With n-Butyl nitrite In Petroleum ether for 5h; | 96.9% |
With chloro-trimethyl-silane; tert.-butylnitrite In tetrahydrofuran; dichloromethane at -20 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere; | 81% |
4'-chloropropiophenone
ethyl bromoacetate
3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-pentanoic acid ethyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With zinc In diethyl ether; benzene for 5h; Heating; | 96.9% |
With zinc In diethyl ether; benzene for 3h; Heating; | 88% |
With zinc In toluene; benzene Heating; |
4'-chloropropiophenone
trimethyl orthoformate
methyl 2-(p-chlorophenyl)propionate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sulfuric acid; 3-[4-(diacetoxyiodo)phenoxy]-1-propyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium 4-methylbenzenesulfonate at 60℃; for 5h; Inert atmosphere; | 96% |
With iodine; lithium perchlorate Ambient temperature; anodic oxidation at constant current; | 88% |
4'-chloropropiophenone
di-p-tolylcarbodiimide
4-chloro-N-(4-tolyl)benzamide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With [{HMn(CO)4}3] In 1,4-dioxane at 135℃; for 24h; Sealed tube; Inert atmosphere; | 96% |
methanol
4'-chloropropiophenone
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylidenepropan-1-one
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium carbonate; triphenylphosphine at 20℃; for 4h; Irradiation; Green chemistry; | 96% |
methanol
4'-chloropropiophenone
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-one
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With C34H27IrN2P(1+)*C32H12BF24(1-); caesium carbonate at 65℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; | 95% |
With trimethylamine-N-oxide; tricarbonyl(η4-1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-inden-2-one)iron; potassium carbonate at 80℃; for 24h; | 91% |
With C21H17ClN5ORu(1+)*Cl(1-); potassium tert-butylate at 85℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; Glovebox; Sealed tube; | 90% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Selectfluor at 120℃; Mannich Aminomethylation; Sealed tube; | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: N-methyl-3-formylindole; acetophenone With sodium hydroxide In ethanol at 25℃; Stage #2: 4'-chloropropiophenone With [2,2]bipyridinyl; 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical; copper(II) choride dihydrate; acetic acid In chlorobenzene at 120℃; for 16h; | 95% |
4'-chloropropiophenone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 4'-chloropropiophenone With lithium hexamethyldisilazane In tetrahydrofuran at 0℃; under 3750.38 Torr; for 0.0166667h; Flow reactor; Inert atmosphere; Green chemistry; Stage #2: With 1-chloro-1-nitrosocyclopentane In tetrahydrofuran; tert-butyl methyl ether at 0℃; under 3750.38 Torr; for 0.0166667h; Flow reactor; Inert atmosphere; Green chemistry; Stage #3: With hydrogenchloride In tetrahydrofuran; tert-butyl methyl ether; water at 60℃; under 3750.38 Torr; for 0.0166667h; Flow reactor; Inert atmosphere; Green chemistry; | 95% |
4'-chloropropiophenone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With [hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene; iodine; 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate at 60℃; Ionic liquid; | 94% |
With N-iodo-succinimide; toluene-4-sulfonic acid Microwave irradiation; | 83% |
4'-chloropropiophenone
2-chloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)propan-1-one
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With N-chloro-succinimide; urea-hydrogen peroxide; 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate at 60℃; | 94% |
With Aluminum(III) chloride hexahydrate; urea-hydrogen peroxide; 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate at 60℃; for 9h; | 80% |
2-Butylfuran
4'-chloropropiophenone
2-n-butyl-5-(4-propionylphenyl)furan
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 1,1'-bis(dicyclohexylphosphanyl)-3,3'-di(triphenylmethyl)ferrocene; tetrabutylammomium bromide; potassium acetate; palladium diacetate In N,N-dimethyl acetamide at 150℃; for 16h; Inert atmosphere; | 94% |
With 1,1',2-tris(diphenylphosphino)-3',4-di-tert-butyl ferrocene; tetrabutylammomium bromide; potassium acetate; palladium diacetate In N,N-dimethyl acetamide at 150℃; for 16h; Inert atmosphere; | 84% |
4'-chloropropiophenone
2-(2-fluorophenoxy)-5-methylpyridine
1-{3'-fluoro-2'-[(5-methylpyridin-2-yl)oxy]-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}propan-1-one
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With (p-cymene)ruthenium(II) chloride; mesitylenecarboxylic acid; potassium carbonate In toluene at 120℃; for 20h; Inert atmosphere; | 94% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With p-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid; 3-chloro-benzenecarboperoxoic acid; sodium iodide In acetonitrile at 80℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; | 94% |
Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.
The p-Chloropropiophenone with CAS registry number of 6285-05-8 belongs to the classes of Acetophenone Series; Aromatic Propiophenones (substituted); Ketones; Adehydes, Acetals & Ketones; Chlorine Compounds; Carbonyl Compounds. Its EINECS registry number is 228-511-6. This chemical is also known as 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-propanone. Its IUPAC name and systematic name are the same which is called 1-(4-chlorophenyl)propan-1-one.
Physical properties about this chemical are: (1)ACD/LogP: 2.88; (2)# of Rule of 5 Violations: 0; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 2.88; (4)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 2.88; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 91.16; (6)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 91.16; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 879.94; (8)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 879.94; (9)#H bond acceptors: 1; (10)#H bond donors: 0; (11)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 2; (12)Polar Surface Area: 17.07 Å2; (13)Index of Refraction: 1.525; (14)Molar Refractivity: 45.8 cm3; (15)Molar Volume: 149.4 cm3; (16)Surface Tension: 36.8 dyne/cm; (17)Density: 1.128 g/cm3; (18)Flash Point: 123.5 °C; (19)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 51.52 kJ/mol; (20)Boiling Point: 276.6 °C at 760 mmHg; (21)Vapour Pressure: 0.00475 mmHg at 25°C; (22)Refractive index: 1.5325-1.5345.
Preparation: this chemical can be prepared by 1-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-nitro-propan-1-one. This reaction will need reagent Bu3SnH, catalyst AIBN and solvent benzene. The reaction time is 90 min with reaction temperature of 80 °C. The yield is about 78%.
Uses of p-Chloropropiophenone: it can be used to produce 2-bromo-1-(4-chloro-phenyl)-propan-1-one at temperature of 5 - 20 °C. This reaction is a kind of Bromination. It will need reagent bromine and solvent acetic acid with reaction time of 1.5 hours. The yield is about 95%.
When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following:
Poison by intraperitoneal and intravenous routes. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-. This chemical is irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. When you are using it, wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection. In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)SMILES: O=C(c1ccc(Cl)cc1)CC
(2)InChI: InChI=1/C9H9ClO/c1-2-9(11)7-3-5-8(10)6-4-7/h3-6H,2H2,1H3
(3)InChIKey: ADCYRBXQAJXJTD-UHFFFAOYAE
The toxicity data is as follows:
Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
mouse | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 200mg/kg (200mg/kg) | National Technical Information Service. Vol. AD277-689, | |
mouse | LD50 | intravenous | 100mg/kg (100mg/kg) | U.S. Army Armament Research & Development Command, Chemical Systems Laboratory, NIOSH Exchange Chemicals. Vol. NX#04477, |
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