Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 1,1-Diphenylethylene for 0.05h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With tert.-butylhydroperoxide at 102℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; | 100% |
With oxygen at 110℃; for 8h; Temperature; Schlenk technique; | 99% |
With oxygen at 110℃; for 8h; Temperature; Sealed tube; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With acetone; zirconic acid In benzene at 80℃; for 8h; | 100% |
With bis(2,2'-bipyridyl) copper(II) permanganate In dichloromethane for 0.5h; Ambient temperature; | 100% |
With tert.-butylhydroperoxide; polystyrene-bound phenylselenic acid In tetrachloromethane for 24h; Heating; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium permanganate; iron(III) chloride In acetone at -78 - 20℃; for 16h; | 100% |
With chromyl chloride In dichloromethane at 22℃; for 0.5h; ultrasound sonication; | 99% |
With tert.-butylhydroperoxide; C45H52CuN4O3 In decane; acetonitrile at 70℃; for 18h; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With pyridine chromium peroxide In dichloromethane for 0.3h; Product distribution; Ambient temperature; effect of various chromium(VI) based oxidants; | 100% |
In acetic acid for 0.25h; Heating; | 100% |
With sodium hydroxide; copper(III) periodate for 0.05h; Heating; oxidative decarboxylation of α-hydroxy acids; var. α-hydroxy acids, also Cu(III) tellurate as oxidant; | 95% |
methanol
2,2-Dimethyl-4,4-diphenyl-3,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1-oxa-2-silacyclobutan
A
benzophenone
B
1-(Dimethylmethoxysilyl)-1,1-bis(trimethylsilyl)ethan
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In benzene at 110℃; for 40h; Rate constant; half live time; | A n/a B 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: Benzophenone imine With chloro-trimethyl-silane; sodium iodide In acetonitrile at 20℃; Stage #2: With water In acetonitrile for 0.0833333h; | 100% |
With hydrogenchloride; water at 40℃; | 86% |
With water at 25℃; Rate constant; effect of pH on the rate constants; |
2,2-diphenyl-1,3-benzodithiole
benzophenone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tetrafluoroboric acid; mercury(II) oxide In tetrahydrofuran for 0.166667h; Ambient temperature; | 100% |
2,2-diphenyl-1,3-oxathiolane
benzophenone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol; oxygen; vanadium(V) oxychloride for 5h; deprotection; Heating; | 100% |
Stage #1: 2,2-diphenyl-1,3-oxathiolane In ethanol at 20℃; Stage #2: With water In ethanol at 20℃; | 98% |
With silver(I) nitrite; iodine In tetrahydrofuran for 0.5h; Mechanism; Ambient temperature; other mono- and dithioacetals; | 96% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With K-10 clay supported iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate In dichloromethane for 3h; Ambient temperature; with K-10 clay-supported copper(II) nitrate trihydrate; | 100% |
With trichloroisocyanuric acid; silver nitrate In water; acetonitrile Ambient temperature; | 100% |
With hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrate In tetrachloromethane; water for 1h; Ambient temperature; other reagent; | 100% |
diphenylmethyl trimethylsilyl ether
benzophenone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 2,6-dicarboxypyridinium fluorochromate In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 0.0833333h; Reflux; | 100% |
With nitrogen dioxide at 20℃; for 0.5h; | 100% |
With chromium(VI) oxide; tert.-butylhydroperoxide; triphenylhydroxysilane In dichloromethane for 24h; Ambient temperature; | 99% |
2,2-diphenyl-1,3-dithiane
benzophenone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tetrafluoroboric acid; mercury(II) oxide In tetrahydrofuran Ambient temperature; | 100% |
With dihydrogen peroxide; iodine; sodium dodecyl-sulfate In water at 20℃; for 0.333333h; Micellar solution; | 100% |
With 2,4,4,6-Tetrabromo-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one; dihydrogen peroxide In water; acetonitrile at 20℃; for 0.75h; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With water; Nafion-H In acetone for 0.5h; | 100% |
With water; 2,3-dicyano-5,6-dichloro-p-benzoquinone In acetonitrile for 1h; Ambient temperature; | 100% |
sodium tetrakis[(3,5-di-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate In water at 30℃; for 0.5h; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With N-Bromosuccinimide; triphenylbismuthane; potassium carbonate In water; acetonitrile for 2h; Ambient temperature; | 100% |
With naphthalene-1,4-dicarbonitrile; oxygen for 90h; Irradiation; | 100% |
With dinitrogen tetraoxide; ferric nitrate In ethyl acetate Heating; further oxidizing agent; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrate In tetrachloromethane; water for 1h; Ambient temperature; other reagent; | A n/a B 100% |
2-diphenylmethyliumyl-3,5-dioxo-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazolidin-1-ide
A
benzophenone
B
4-Phenylurazole
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With water for 1080h; | A 100% B 100% |
With atmospheric moisture storage conditions; |
(1R,5S)-4-Methyl-1,3,5,7,7-pentaphenyl-6-oxa-2,4-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene
A
benzophenone
B
1-methyl-2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In various solvent(s) at 120℃; for 2.5h; Thermodynamic data; cycloreversion of further oxetane derivatives; | A 100% B 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In various solvent(s) -78 deg C, 0.5 h, 0 deg C, 0.5 h; | 100% |
acetic acid
4,4a-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-4,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-3H-2-oxa-3-silanaphthaline
A
benzophenone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In benzene at 90℃; for 3h; Rate constant; half live time; | A n/a B 100% |
2-diphenylmethylene-1,3-benzodithiole 1,1,3,3-tetraoxide
A
benzophenone
B
2H-benzo[d][1,3]dithiole 1,1,3,3-tetraoxide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With potassium hydroxide In 1,4-dioxane for 0.5h; Product distribution; Heating; further educt: 2-diphenylmethylene-1,3-benzodithiole 1,1-dioxide; | A 100% B 88% |
With potassium hydroxide In 1,4-dioxane for 0.5h; Heating; Yields of byproduct given; | A n/a B 88% |
4,4a-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-4,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-3H-2-oxa-3-silanaphthaline
tert-butyl alcohol
A
benzophenone
B
tert-Butoxydimethylsilyl-bis(trimethylsilyl)methan
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In benzene at 90℃; for 1.5h; Rate constant; half live time; | A n/a B 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane nickel(II) chloride In tetrahydrofuran at 0℃; | 100% |
Stage #1: benzoyl chloride With 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one In toluene at 0℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: phenylmagnesium bromide In tetrahydrofuran; toluene at -10 - 0℃; for 4.25h; chemoselective reaction; | 89% |
In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 25℃; for 1h; Solvent; Concentration; Flow reactor; Green chemistry; | 85% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 2-phenyl-1,2-benzoisoselenazol-3(2H)-one; dihydrogen peroxide In methanol; water at 65℃; for 72h; | 100% |
With ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate In water; acetonitrile at 50℃; for 16h; Oxidation; | 90% |
With potassium permanganate; montmorillonite K-10 for 0.5h; | 90% |
With 3-carboxypyridinium chlorochromate In acetonitrile for 3h; Heating; | 87% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With oxygen; methylene blue In benzene at 20℃; for 0.5h; Mechanism; Irradiation; N2/N2O ratio; var. solvent; other diazomethanes; | A 100% B n/a |
benzophenone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tris paraperiodate In benzene for 1h; Heating; | 100% |
2-Fluorobenzoyl chloride
1,4-dimethoxybezene
A
benzophenone
B
2-methoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogenchloride In AlCl3; 1,2-dichloro-ethane | A n/a B 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium chlorite; sodium dihydrogenphosphate In tetrahydrofuran; water; tert-butyl alcohol diastereoselective reaction; | A 100% B 35% |
benzophenone
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With oxygen In benzene for 0.75h; | 100% |
1,1-Diphenylmethanol
diisopropyl-carbodiimide
A
benzophenone
B
N1,N2-Diisopropylformamidine
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With ruthenium complex In toluene at 120℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; | A 100% B 74 %Spectr. |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With K-10 clay supported copper(II) nitrate trihydrate In dichloromethane for 4h; Ambient temperature; with K-10 clay-supported iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate; | 99.5% |
With K-10 clay supported copper(II) nitrate trihydrate In dichloromethane for 4h; Ambient temperature; K-10 clay supported iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate; | 99.5% |
With dihydrogen peroxide; vanadia; ammonium bromide In dichloromethane; water at 0 - 5℃; for 2h; | 95% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With sodium hydroxide; N-benzyl-N,N,N-triethylammonium chloride In toluene for 3h; | 99% |
With tetrabutylammomium bromide; oxygen In N,N-dimethyl-formamide Hg cathode, Pt anode, -1.0 V vs SCE; | 95% |
With oxygen; potassium carbonate In water; dimethyl sulfoxide Ambient temperature; | 95% |
ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate
benzophenone
Ethyl 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpropanoate
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With iodine; zinc In 1,4-dioxane for 0.166667h; Reformatsky reaction; ultrasound irradiation; | 100% |
With magnesium; benzene | |
With zinc; benzene | |
With zinc |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With Et2OFe(catecholate-porous organic polymer) In benzene-d6 at 23℃; for 0.0833333h; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With zinc(II) tetrahydroborate In acetonitrile for 16h; Mechanism; Ambient temperature; | 100% |
With zinc(II) tetrahydroborate In acetonitrile for 16h; Ambient temperature; | 100% |
With samarium; 1,2-Diiodoethane In 1,2-dimethoxyethane for 24h; Ambient temperature; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With trifluorormethanesulfonic acid; 3-chloro-benzenecarboperoxoic acid In dichloromethane for 6h; Ambient temperature; | 100% |
With hydrogenchloride In chloroform at 20℃; for 8h; Baeyer-Villiger oxidation; | 100% |
With dihydrogen peroxide; iodine; acetic acid at 20℃; for 0.166667h; Baeyer-Villiger oxidation; | 93% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydroxylamine hydrochloride; sodium acetate In methanol Heating; | 100% |
With hydroxylamine hydrochloride; sodium acetate In methanol; water Reflux; | 100% |
With hydroxylamine hydrochloride In ethanol at 50 - 60℃; for 1.5h; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogen; aluminum oxide; K5PV2Mo10O40 at 300℃; under 17480 Torr; for 3.33333h; Catalytic hydrogenation; | 100% |
With iodine; hypophosphorous acid In acetic acid for 24h; Reduction; Heating; | 100% |
With hydrogen In methanol at 20℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 10h; chemoselective reaction; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrazine hydrate In ethanol for 12h; Heating; | 100% |
With hydrazine hydrate; acetic acid In ethanol at 100℃; for 21h; Inert atmosphere; | 100% |
With hydrazine hydrate In ethanol for 4h; Reflux; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With woollins’ reagent In toluene for 20h; Heating; | 100% |
With titanium tetrachloride; zinc In tetrahydrofuran at 0 - 70℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; | 98% |
With pyridine; titanium tetrachloride; zinc In 1,4-dioxane for 0.0833333h; microwave irradiation; | 97% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With hydrogen sulfide; phosphorous acid trimethyl ester In diethylene glycol dimethyl ether for 2.75h; Product distribution; Irradiation; variation of solvents, reagents and conditions; | 100% |
With hydrogen sulfide; phosphorous acid trimethyl ester In diethylene glycol dimethyl ether for 2.75h; Irradiation; | 100% |
With iodine; magnesium In diethyl ether; benzene for 0.5h; pinacol coupling; sonication; | 99% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Nafion-H In benzene Heating; | 100% |
With cobalt(II) bromide In dichloromethane for 4h; Ambient temperature; | 99% |
With amberlyst-15 In acetonitrile for 1h; | 99.91% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With ammonium acetate; zinc In tetrahydrofuran at 0℃; for 0.0166667h; Barbier reaction; | 100% |
With manganese; chloro-trimethyl-silane; indium In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 4h; Alkylation; | 98% |
With manganese; chloro-trimethyl-silane; indium In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 4h; Barbier allylation; | 98% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With zinc In tetrahydrofuran for 0.5h; | 100% |
Stage #1: propargyl bromide With n-butyllithium; N,N,N,N,-tetramethylethylenediamine In diethyl ether; hexane at -78℃; for 0.333333h; Stage #2: benzophenone In diethyl ether at -78 - 20℃; for 2h; Stage #3: With hydrogen cation In diethyl ether | 96% |
Stage #1: benzophenone; propargyl bromide With dysprosium; sodium iodide; mercury dichloride In tetrahydrofuran at -14 - 20℃; Propargylation; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In water Hydrolysis; | 92% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With t-Bu-P4 base In toluene at -78℃; for 1h; | 100% |
Stage #1: 1,3-Benzothiazole; benzophenone With tetrakis{[tris(dimethylamino)phosphoranyliden]amino}phosphonium fluoride; tris(trimethylsilyl)amine In toluene at 25℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: In tetrahydrofuran Reagent/catalyst; | 94% |
With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexane -78 deg C, 1 h; 10 min; | 88% |
benzophenone
3-methoxyphenyl bromide
(3-methoxyphenyl)(diphenyl)methanol
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: 3-methoxyphenyl bromide With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78℃; for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: benzophenone In tetrahydrofuran; hexane at -78 - 20℃; Inert atmosphere; | 100% |
With magnesium 1.) ether, 2.) a) RT, 6 h, b) reflux, 1 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction; | |
With n-butyllithium |
benzophenone
(Z)-ethyl cinnamate
(Z)-4-Hydroxy-3,4,4-triphenyl-but-2-enoic acid ethyl ester
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine In tetrahydrofuran at -100℃; for 1.25h; Product distribution; other solvents, amount of reagents and different reaction times; | 100% |
With 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine In tetrahydrofuran at -100℃; for 1.25h; | 100% |
benzophenone
trimethyl(2-methylenebut-3-enyl)silane
3-methylene-5,5-diphenyl-5-(trimethylsiloxy)pentene
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
With tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride In tetrahydrofuran at 50℃; for 2.5h; | 100% |
With tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride In tetrahydrofuran at 50℃; for 2.5h; | 100% |
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
Stage #1: Methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran Stage #2: benzophenone In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 6h; Wittig reaction; | 100% |
Stage #1: Methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran at 0℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: benzophenone In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; Inert atmosphere; | 94% |
Stage #1: Methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide With potassium tert-butylate In diethyl ether at 20℃; for 0.25h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: benzophenone In diethyl ether at 0℃; for 15h; Inert atmosphere; | 87% |
benzophenone
(dichloroalumino)(trichlorotitanio)methane
1,1-Diphenylethylene
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In toluene for 0.5h; Heating; | 100% |
Molecular Structure of Benzophenone (CAS NO.119-61-9):
IUPAC Name: diphenylmethanone
Molecular formula C13H10O
Molar mass 182.217 g/mol
Melting point 47.9 °C
H bond acceptors: 1
H bond donors: 0
Freely Rotating Bonds: 2
Polar Surface Area: 17.07Å2
Index of Refraction: 1.583
Molar Refractivity: 56.04 cm3
Molar Volume: 167.5 cm3
Surface Tension: 42.1 dyne/cm
Density: 1.087 g/cm3
Flash Point: 123.7 °C
Melting point: 47-51 °C(lit.)
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 54.58 kJ/mol
Boiling Point: 305.4 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 0.000823 mmHg at 25°C
InChI
InChI=1/C13H10O/c14-13(11-7-3-1-4-8-11)12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10H
Smiles
c1(C(c2ccccc2)=O)ccccc1
EINECS: 204-337-6
Water Solubility: insoluble (<0.1 g/100 mL at 25 ºC)
Merck: 14,1098
BRN: 1238185
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong reducing agents. Combustible
Product Categories: Pharmaceutical Intermediates; Additives for Plastic;Organics; Fluorescent Labels and Indicators; Analytical Chemistry; Environmental Endocrine Disruptors; Estradiol, etc. (Environmental Endocrine Disruptors); Functional Materials; Photopolymerization Initiators; Fluorescent Labels & Indicators
Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
mouse | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 727mg/kg (727mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES | European Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene. Vol. 9, Pg. 99, 1976. |
mouse | LD50 | oral | 2895mg/kg (2895mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES | European Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene. Vol. 9, Pg. 99, 1976. |
rabbit | LD50 | skin | 3535mg/kg (3535mg/kg) | Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 11, Pg. 873, 1973. | |
rat | LD50 | oral | > 10gm/kg (10000mg/kg) | Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 11, Pg. 873, 1973. |
Hazard Codes: Xi,N,Xn,F
Risk Statements: 36/37/38-52/53-50/53-67-65-62-51/53-48/20-11
R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.
R52/53:Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
R50/53:Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
R67:Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness.
R65:Harmful: may cause lung damage if swallowed.
R62:Risk of impaired fertility.
R51/53:Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
R48/22:Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed.
R11:Highly flammable.
Safety Statements: 26-61-37/39-29-60-36-62-36/37-33-16-9
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S61:Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets.
S37/39:Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection.
S29:Do not empty into drains.
S60:This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste.
S36:Wear suitable protective clothing.
S62:If swallowed, do not induce vomitting; seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label.
S36/37:Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves.
S33:Take precautionary measures against static discharges.
S16:Keep away from sources of ignition.
S9:Keep container in a well-ventilated place.
RIDADR: UN 3077 9/PG 3
WGK Germany: 2
F: 10
HazardClass: 9
Benzophenone , with CAS number of 119-61-9, can be called Benzene, benzoyl- ; Diphenylmethanone ; alpha-Oxodiphenylmethane ; alpha-Oxoditane ; Methanone, diphenyl- ; Ketone, diphenyl . It can be used as a photo initiator in UV-curing applications such as inks, imaging, and clear coatings in the printing industry.
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